Zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansindizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa ntchito zapamwamba monga mphamvu ndi zida zatsopano, ndipo ali ndi phindu lalikulu m'minda monga Aerospace, Chitetezo cha dziko, ndi makampani ankhondo. Zotsatira zankhondo zamakono zikuwonetsa kuti zabwino zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri padziko lapansi zimayimira zabwino za ubwerizi, komanso kukhala ndi ndalama zotsimikizika. Chifukwa chake, anthu osowa ayimiriridwanso ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amapikisana, ndipo njira zazikuluzikulu monga zopangira anthu zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimadzuka njira zamadziko. Europe, Japan, United States ndi mayiko ena amalisamalira kwambiri pa zinthu zopatsa chidwi monga dziko lapansi. Mu 2008, zida zapadziko lapansi zapadziko lapansi zidalembedwa kuti "zida zazikulu" ndi zida za United States za Mphamvu; Kumayambiriro kwa 2010, European Union inalengeza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe; Mu 2007, Utumiki waku Japan wa maphunziro, chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi ukadaulo, komanso utumiki wachuma, anali ndi luso linalake "ndi" zikondwerero zina. Atenga miyeso yopitilira muyeso, ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kupeza ntchito zothandizira zinthu zina. Kuyambira pa nkhani ino, mkonzi udzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mishoni ndi maudindo omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale padziko lapansi pano.
Mnyanga Ali m'gulu la anthu okhala ndi anthu olemera kwambiri, okhala ndi zochulukirapo padziko lapansi pa 1,1 ppm okha.Terbium oxideMaakaunti ochepera 0,01% ya dziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale mu ytrium ion mtundu wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi wocheperako. Terbium ndi chitsulo cha imvi cha imvi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa, omwe amatha kudulidwa ndi mpeni; Malo osungunuka 1360 ℃, owira mtima 3123 ℃, kachulukidwe 8229 4kg / m3. Kwa zaka zopitilira 100 kuchokera kupezeka kwa Thrium mu 1843, kuchepa kwake ndi phindu lalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi zaka 30 zapitazi zokha zomwe Terbium wasonyeza luso lake lapadera.
Kupezeka kwa Thbium
Nthawi yomweyo pameneLanthanumadapezeka, Karl G. M'sinder wa Sweden adasanthula koyambaYNTriumNdipo anafalitsa lipoti mu 1842, ndikufotokozera kuti posachedwapa dziko lapansi lapansi silinali kobiri, koma okopa zinthu zitatu. Mu 1843, mussander adazindikira kuti Thrium kudutsa pa kafukufuku wake pa YNTrium lapansi. Adaberekabe chttium padziko lapansi ndi m'modzi wa iwoErbium oxide. Sinalibe mpaka mu 1877 kuti kunamutcha dzina lotchedwa Thbium, ndi chizindikiro cha TB. Kutchula kwake kumachokera komweko monga momwe yttrium, kuyambira m'mudzi wa YTTERY pafupi ndi Stoneholm, Sweden, komwe Yttleen Ore adapezeka koyamba. Kupezeka kwa Thrisbium ndi zinthu zina ziwiri, Lansehanum ndi Erbium, adatsegula khomo lachiwiri kuti atulutsidwe padziko lapansi, kuyika gawo lachiwiri la zomwe adapeza. Inali yotsukidwa koyamba ndi G. Urban mu 1905.
Mzumender
Kugwiritsa ntchito Thbium
Kugwiritsa ntchitomnyangaNthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo minda yayitali, yomwe ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo womwe ndi wodziwa ntchito zodulira, komanso mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi phindu la chuma, ndi ziyembekezo zabwino. Madera akuluagwiritsa ntchito akuphatikiza: (1) kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dziko loipa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wapansi panthaka ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zaulimi. . Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo Thrium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira ambiri obiriwira. (3) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zamatsenga zosungira. Amorphous Merbium Terbium Transtium transtition azitsulo a Aloya opyapyala adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma dilesi othamanga kwambiri. (4) Opanga Magalasi a Magnto Op. Magalasi a Faraday Rutary Oftiamu ndi nkhani yofunika pakupanga oziwola, ayolunjika, ndi ozunguliridwa muukadaulo wa laser. .
Mwaulimi ndi zowonera nyama
Osowa kwambiri padziko lapansiimatha kukonza mtundu wa mbewu ndikuwonjezera photosynthesis mkati mwa magawo ena. Zovuta za Thrium zimakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu yachilengedwe, ndipo ma cell a Ternary a Thbium, TB (ala) 3Benim (Clox) 3-3h) 3-3h, kukhala ndi antilricidal zotsatira za Staphylococcus a Aureus, ndi baclilsical zotsatira za Staphylococcus a Aureus, ndi bacilyo, kukhala ndi antilriciliaction antilococcus arus, ndi baclilsis zotsatira za Staphylococcus Aureus Antillococcus Alurus, ndi bacilyo, kukhala ndi antilriciyal ndi mankhwala obisalamo, omwe ali ndi antibacterial katundu wambiri. Kuwerenga kwa mavidiyo kumapereka njira yatsopano yothandizira mankhwalawa a bactericidal.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa kuwala
Zipangizo zamakono za optoectronic zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maphoshors, kufiira, zobiriwira, komanso buluu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo Thrium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba ambiri obiriwira ambiri obiriwira. Ngati kubadwa kwa nyama yaimphukira kwambiri ngati ma fluorescent uwder ndi ma europium, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Thbium komwe kwakhala koyenera kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1980, mafilipo adapanga nyali yoyamba yonyamula mphamvu yosungirako padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mwachangu idawalimbikitsa padziko lonse lapansi. TB3 + ion imatha kutulutsa kuwala kobiriwira ndi chiyembekezo cha 545nm, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito Thbium monga woyambitsa.
Ufa wobiriwira wa fluorescent womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito machubu a TV (ma certs) nthawi zonse amakhala ngati otsika mtengo komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri, koma y3 (al, ndi Laobe: TB3 +. Ndi chitukuko cha televizioni yapamwamba kwambiri (HDTV), magwiridwe antchito obiriwira obiriwira a ma certs akupangidwanso. Mwachitsanzo.
Mkhalidwe wa X-ray fluorescent ufa ndi calcium tempstate. Mu ma 1970 ndi 1980s, dziko lapansi la fluorescent uws zojambula zamagetsi zidapangidwa, monga miyala ya Terthambonc adayambitsa Lanthanum Byfaide (kwa zojambula zobiriwira), ndi Terbium adayambitsa Yottium Oxide. Poyerekeza ndi capstate acstate, dziko lapansi la fluorescent ufa wa X-ray irradiation kwa mafilimu a X 80%, kukulitsa machubu a X-ray, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Terbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowonjezera za fluorescent activen ya ma e-ray, zomwe zingathandize kutembenuka kwa mafilimu a X-ray, ndipo amachepetsa chida cha X-ray ku thupi laumunthu (pofika 50%).
Mnyangaimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati oyendetsa mu photophor phosphor phosphor phosphor yosangalatsa ndi kuwala kwa buluu kwa seranduction yoyaka kwa semiconducy. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga terbinium aluminium magnetto Optocars, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa buluu kukhala magwero osangalatsa, ndipo ma verores opanga amasakanikirana ndikuwunikira koyera koyera.
Zida zamagetsi zopangidwa kuchokera ku Terbium makamaka zimaphatikizapo zinc sulfide wobiriwira fluorescent ufa ndi trbium monga oyambitsa. Pansi pa ultraviolet irradiation, opangira zilombo za terbium amatha kutulutsa bwino bwino kwambiri ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu owonda. Ngakhale kuti zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pakuwerengera dziko lapansi zanyama za Erselfiniinescent ya Entracturescent, pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe, ndikufufuza komwe mafilimu owonda ovuta ndi zida aliri akuya.
Makhalidwe a fluoresiscence a Thbium amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati flurescence mafinya. Kuyanjana pakati pa Ofloxacin Thbium (TB3 +) yovuta komanso deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adaphunzitsidwa bwino acid ndi mayamwidwe, monga a fluorescence prober of aloxacin Thbium (TB3 +). Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti a Ofloxacin TB3 + ikhoza kupanga njira yoyang'anira ndi mamolekyulu opanga, ndipo deoxyribonucle ntys imatha kukulitsa fluorescence wa alloxacin tb3 +. Kutengera ndi kusintha kumeneku, deoxyribonucleic acid akhoza kutsimikizika.
Kwa magneto optical zida
Zipangizo zokhala ndi Faraday mphamvu, zimadziwikanso kuti maginito a Magnetic, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Lasers ndi zida zina zowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziwika ya magome a Magneto Optical: Magneto Optablers ndi Magneto Op. Pakati pawo, makristo am'madzi (monga Jtttraum Farpor Add ndi Terbium Gallium Adnet) ali ndi maubwino osinthika osinthika, koma ndi okwera mtengo komanso ovuta kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, makhiristo ambiri owoneka bwino okhala ndi ma faraday amasinthana a Faraday ali ndi mayamwidwe amtundu waufupi kwambiri, omwe amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi magneto optabs, magneto optical galasi limakhala ndi mwayi wopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ndikosavuta kupangidwa kukhala zigawo zazikulu kapena ulusi. Pakadali pano, magalasi owoneka bwino okhala ndi faraday zotsatira zake zimakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi ion.
Ogwiritsidwa ntchito posungira magneti
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula mwachangu kwa ma muyezo wa multimedia ndi ofesi ya maofesi, zomwe zimafunikira maginito atsopano apamwamba kwambiri. Amorphous Merbium Terbium Transtium transtition azitsulo a Aloya opyapyala adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma dilesi othamanga kwambiri. Pakati pawo, filimu ya TBFOCO yopyapyala ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi za Terbium zochokera ku Terbium zimapangidwa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo magnetic discs opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo osungira makompyuta, omwe ali ndi nthawi yosungirako nthawi 10-15. Amakhala ndi maubwino ambiri otha kugwira ntchito komanso kuthamanga mwachangu, ndipo amatha kupukuta ndikukutira nthawi masauzande ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma disc. Ndi zinthu zofunika pakusungiratu kwaukadaulo zamagetsi. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka pafupi ndi Terbium Gallium Garnet (TG)
Kwa Magneto Optical Galasi
Faraday Magneto Optical Galasi yabwino imakhala yabwino kwambiri komanso isotropy mu zigawo zowoneka komanso zophatikizika, ndipo zimatha kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndikosavuta kutulutsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndipo zimatha kukokedwa m'matumba owala. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi chiyembekezo chothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito magneto optical ovemoc, magneto opticators, ndi ulusi wa fiber. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa maginetino komanso kuyamwa pang'ono powonekera ndi kufalikira, TB3 + ions nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi m'magalasi owala a Magnto.
Terbium Dysprium Ferromagnetrictrive Iloy
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndikukula mosalekeza kwa dziko laukadaulo, zida zatsopano zofunsira zinali zikuchitika mwachangu. Mu 1984, iowa State University, laboti la labotale ya dipatimenti yaku US imachitika, yomwe imadziwika kuti ikhale yopanga zinthu zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zinthu zatsopano zapadziko lapansi. Zinthu zaluso zatsopanozi zili ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri otembenuka bwino amasintha mphamvu m'makina. Pansi pa madzi ndi elecoutic makompyuta opangidwa ndi maginito akulu akuluakulu apangidwa bwino mu zida zankhondo, ojambula bwino mafuta, phokoso ndi kusinthika kwa Nyengo ndi njira zolumikizirana mobisa. Chifukwa chake, ukangofika kachilombo ka ThymoOOSOIM Iron Chitsulo Gyspoost zinthu zidabadwa, lidalandira chidwi chonse ndi mayiko otukuka padziko lonse lapansi. Tekinoloji yamphepete mwa United States idayamba kupanga zida zazikulu zam'madzi zazikulu mu 1989 ndipo adawatcha kuti Sweden, Russia adapanganso ma tchesi achitsulo.
Kuyambira m'mbiri yakutukuka kwa nkhaniyi ku United States, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthuzo komanso ntchito zoyambirira za monopololist zikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi makampani ankhondo (monga Navy). Ngakhale madipati ankhondo a China komanso chitetezo amalimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kumvetsetsa kwawo nkhaniyi. Komabe. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwa trbium dysporoodium iron zida zazikulu zamatsenga ndi madipatimenti oteteza ankhondo ndi mayiko azikhala zofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ambiri abwino kwambiri amnyangaPangani kukhala membala wofunikira wa zinthu zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi malo osafunikira mu magawo a ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa Thrium, anthu akhala akuphunzira momwe angapewere ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito terbium kuti muchepetse ndalama zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, zida zapadziko lapansi zam'madzi zam'madzi ziyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito cobalt yotsika mtengo kapena gadolinium tromboum cobal cobat momwe mungathere; Yesani kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu Thbium mu wobiriwira fluorescent ufa womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito Thbium yofala. Koma zida zambiri zogwirira ntchito sizingachite popanda izi, chifukwa chake tiyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha" ndikuyesa kupulumutsa kugwiritsa ntchito Thbium momwe tingathere.
Post Nthawi: Aug-07-2023