Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira yopangira dziko lolimba ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano, boma lakhazikitsa gulu lotsogolera kupanga mafakitale atsopano. Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso, National Development and Reform Commission, Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo, ndi Unduna wa Zachuma pamodzi adapereka Bukhu la Kupititsa patsogolo Makampani Atsopano a Zida Zatsopano, zomwe zidayambitsa nthawi yatsopano ya mwayi wachitukuko. Poyang'anizana ndi mwayi watsopano,Monga chida chapadera chogwirira ntchito, momwe mungakwaniritsire chitukuko cha zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, wolemba amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo ndi mawonekedwe a "rare earth function +", momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "+"rare earth, ndi zina.
Zida zatsopano zimatanthawuza zida zatsopano zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kapena ntchito zapadera, kapena zida zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito kapena zatsopano pambuyo poti zida zachikhalidwe zakonzedwa bwino. Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimakhala ndi ntchito zapadera monga maginito, kuwala, magetsi, catalysis ndi kusungirako haidrojeni, ndipo zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kuzinthu zachikhalidwe monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, magnesiamu, magalasi ndi zoumba kuti zipititse patsogolo ntchito kapena kupanga zipangizo zatsopano zogwirira ntchito. ayenera kutenga mwayi watsopano wachitukuko cha mbiri yakale, kukumana ndi zovuta zatsopano ndikukwaniritsa maloto atsopano, ndiko kuti, kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa masomphenya akuluakulu a Comrade Deng Xiaoping, womanga wamkulu wa kusintha ndi kutsegula kwa China. mmwamba, "Pali mafuta ku Middle East ndi osowa padziko lapansi ku China, kotero kuti tiyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino mu zochitika zapadziko lapansi ndikupereka masewera athunthu ku ubwino wa dziko losowa ku China", kotero kuti maluwa osowa ntchito padziko lapansi. ikhoza kuphuka.Pangani "ntchito yapadziko lapansi yosowa +" kukhala mphamvu yatsopano ya kinetic yopititsa patsogolo chuma cha dziko.
Choyamba, zoyambira makhalidwe a osowa lapansi.
Dziko losowa limadziwika kuti "wokondedwa" wa zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito m'zaka za zana la 21. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zapadera monga physics, electrochemistry, magnetism, kuwala ndi magetsi, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Rare Earth ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi gwero lochepa, msika waukulu wapadziko lonse lapansi, kutsika kochepa kwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo zoteteza dziko. Ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano opulumutsa mphamvu ndi chilengedwe, Kudalira kwa anthu amakono pazinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kwagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chuma cha dziko ndi sayansi yamakono. Mayiko ambiri amawalemba kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri. Mu 2006, pakati pa zinthu 35 zamakono zomwe zinalengezedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku United States, mitundu 16 ya zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosadziwika kupatulapo promethium (zopangidwa mwaluso ndi zotulutsa ma radio) zinaphatikizidwa, zomwe zimawerengera 45.7% ya zinthu zonse zamakono. Zinthu 26 zamakono zosankhidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ndi Zamakono ku Japan, 16 zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka zonse zikuphatikizidwa, zomwe zimawerengera 61.5%. Maiko padziko lonse lapansi amachita kafukufuku mwamphamvu paukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zida zosowa padziko lapansi, ndipo pali njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 3-5.
Njira yazinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi ikuwonekera makamaka pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, ndipo zida zogwirira ntchito ndi ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kwambiri. Momwe mungakulitsire mwasayansi ndikugwiritsira ntchito bwino ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosawerengeka zakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri yasayansi yosowa padziko lapansi ndi ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo.Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe ndi "zinthu zitatu" :Njira yazinthu, magwiridwe antchito a zinthu ndi kufalikira kwa ntchito zogwiritsiridwa ntchito; Chachiwiri ndikumvetsetsa bwino komanso kumvetsetsa lamulo lofunikira lachitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
Strategic issues on rare earth resources.Rare Earth is a non renewable strategic resource. Dziko lapansi losowa ndi dzina lazinthu 17. Zida zake zamchere zimagawidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo kugawidwa kwa zinthu kumakhala kosiyana. Choncho, m'pofunika kulimbikitsanso kasamalidwe ka sayansi ya chuma osowa padziko lapansi, Iwo akhoza pafupifupi kugawidwa mu njira, yovuta ndi wamba, ndi mwasayansi standardized malinga ndi zinthu, mitundu ndi ntchito, kuti apange msika wabwino mlengalenga yabwino kugawika bwino kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezeka pamsika, ndikuzindikira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa chitukuko chanzeru komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zapadziko lapansi.
Pa ntchito ya osowa nthaka elements.Kupanga osowa nthaka zopangira ayenera kuyengedwa. Maulalo opangira zinthu zapadziko lapansi zachilendo monga migodi, kukonza mchere, kulekanitsa smelting ndi kusungunula zitsulo ndizo njira yopanga zinthu zopangira. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu ndi zinthu zoyambira monga ma oxidi arare earth, ma chloride, zitsulo zosowa padziko lapansi ndi ma alloys osowa padziko lapansi a chinthu chimodzi, zomwe sizinawonetse ntchito yazinthu zawo, koma zimakhudza kwambiri zida zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pokonza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito azinthu, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kupanga ndi zinthu, kukonza chiyero cha mankhwala, kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe kake kake ndi zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito, kuti muwonjezere mtengo wazinthu ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito. mlingo wa single rare earth element.
Pakukulitsa kwa ntchito yapadziko lapansi yosowa. Zida zogwirira ntchito zapadziko lapansi ziyenera kupangidwa kukhala zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito. Kutengera mwachitsanzo, zida zonse zamakampani opanga unyolo zimachokera ku zitsulo zosapezeka padziko lapansi kupita ku slitting strip, maginito. ufa, sintering (kapena kugwirizana), opanda kanthu, processing, zipangizo, etc. kuti ntchito zipangizo zinchito zatsopano, ndi dongosolo kupanga ndi kukonza osowa dziko zinchito zipangizo, kusonyeza mokwanira kasamalidwe sayansi mlingo, mankhwala zinchito chitukuko mlingo. ndi wanzeru kupanga mlingo wa enterprises.At panopa, mabizinezi ena apita patsogolo ku cholinga ichi ndipo afika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri,Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yapadziko lapansi yosowa maginito ufa yakula mpaka kupanga ma servo motors a zida zamakina a CNC, apadera apadera. ma motors amafoni am'manja ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba zapadziko lapansi zosowa maginito
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-18-2021