Mapelium, gawo 69 la tebulo la nthawi.
Thulium, chinthu chocheperako cha zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi, makamaka mayanjano ndi zinthu zina mu gadoloiver, xenothime, orere agolide wa Black Ore ndi Monazi.
Thulium ndi Lantanide Zitsulo zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha nyumba zawo zofananira, zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zilinso chimodzimodzi, popanga ndi kupatuka ndi kupatukana kovuta kwambiri.
Mu 1879, katswiri wa makirita wa Sweden adazindikira kuti dothi la atomiki la Erbium lidali ndi dothi lotsalira pa erbium ndipo pomaliza adalekanitsa nthaka ya Erbium ndi Nthali ya Holmium.
Mitengo yazitsulo, yoyera, yofewa, yofewa, itha kudulidwa ndi mpeni, imasungunuka kwambiri komanso yokhazikika, ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zitsulo kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthu zapadera zamagetsi, mankhwala a thulium ndi ofanana ndi achitsulo china chachitsulo. Imatha kusungunuka mu hydrochloric acid kuti apange chobiriwira pang'onoThulium (III) Chloride, ndipo zithumba zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tinthuketi zake zoyaka mu mpweya zimatha kuwoneka pa gudumu.
Mapangidwe a thulium amakhalanso ndi flurescence katundu ndipo amatha kutulutsa buluu fluorescence pansi pa kuwala kwa ultraviolet, komwe kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malemba otsutsa mapepala. Isolope ya radium 170 ya thulium ndi imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zodziwira zamankhwala komanso zamano, komanso zida zamagetsi zamakina ndi zamagetsi.
Thulium, zomwe ndizosangalatsa, ndi ukadaulo wa a thulium laser yopanga komanso chemistry yatsopano yopangidwa chifukwa cha magetsi apadera apadera.
Thulium dopd YNerium Aluminium Garnet amatha kutulutsa laser loser pakati pa 1930 ~ 2040 nm. Pomwe laser ya gululi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opareshoni, magazi omwe ali pamalo opangira ma irradiation adzagwirizana mwachangu, bala la opalesholi ndilochepa, ndipo hemostasis ndiyabwino. Chifukwa chake, laser iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zonotsa kapena maso. Mtundu wamtunduwu uli ndi kutayika kotsika potumiza m'mlengalenga, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kumadera akutali ndi kumverera kowoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ma laser Kingfonder, zogwirizana ndi zokongoletsera zakumapeto, etc., amagwiritsa ntchito laser yoyambitsidwa ndi thunthu la thunthu la fiber.
Thulium ndi mtundu wapadera kwambiri wa zitsulo mu Dedera la F FL, ndi zomwe zimapanga zovuta ndi ma elekitoni mu f f wosanjikiza zachititsa asayansi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zikhalidwe zachitsulo za Lantanide zimatha kupanga mankhwala ochulukirapo, koma mitu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zingapo zomwe zingapangitse mankhwalawa.
Mu 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev adachita upainiya womwe unkachita upainiya wokhudzana ndi zovuta za dziko lapansi. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito izi, thulium imatha kukhala yothetsa mankhwala othandizira organic ndipo amatha kukonzekera mankhwala azitsulo ndi mphamvu zapadera monga mphamvu zosinthika monga mphamvu zosinthika, komanso chithandizo chamatsenga. Posankha ma ligands oyenera, thulium imatha kusintha njira yovomerezeka ya zitsulo zam'madzi. Samarium (II) Iodide ndi zosakanizo zake zimasungunuka monga tetrahydroforan zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri azamankhwala azaka 50 kuti athetse mavuto amodzi a Electron. Thulium ilinso ndi zofanana, ndipo luso lake la ligand loyendetsa zitsulo zachilengedwe ndizodabwitsa. Kuwongolera mawonekedwe a geometric ndi ozungulira pa zovuta kumatha kukhudza awiriawiri. Komabe, monga starest wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, mtengo wokwera wa thulium umalepheretsa kusokoneza Samarium, koma imatha kukhalabe ndi chemistry yatsopano yosagwirizana.
Post Nthawi: Aug-01-2023