Silver sulphate, chilinganizo cha mankhwalaAg2SO4, ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika. Ndi cholimba choyera, chosanunkha chomwe sichisungunuka m'madzi. Komabe, pamenesiliva sulphateamakumana ndi madzi, zina zosangalatsa zimachitika. M’nkhaniyi, tiona zimene zimachitikasiliva sulphatemmadzi.
Litisiliva sulphateamawonjezeredwa kumadzi, sasungunuka mosavuta. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kochepa, gawo laling'ono chabe la mankhwalawa limagawanika kukhala chigawo cha ayoni - siliva (Ag +) ndi sulfate (SO4 ^ 2-). Kutha kwa maliresiliva sulphatezimabweretsa yankho lomveka bwino, lopanda mtundu ngati tinthu tating'ono tosasungunuka timakhazikika pansi pa chidebecho.
Komabe, insolubility wasiliva sulphateakhoza kugonjetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, solubility wasiliva sulphateakhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati kutentha kwa madzi kwawonjezeka kapena asidi amphamvu (monga sulfuric acid) awonjezeredwa ku dongosolo. Pachifukwa ichi, ayoni ambiri a siliva ndi sulphate amapangidwa ndipo yankho limakhala lodzaza. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumalola kuti pakhale mgwirizano wabwino pakati pawosiliva sulphatendi madzi.
Mbali yosangalatsa ya kuyanjana kwapakatisiliva sulphatendipo madzi ndi mapangidwe a ayoni ovuta. Iyoni yovuta imakhala ndi ayoni yachitsulo yapakati yozunguliridwa ndi ma ligand (maatomu, ma ion kapena mamolekyu omangika kuchitsulo). Pankhani ya sulphate ya siliva, ma ion ovuta amapangidwa pamene mamolekyu amadzi amalowetsa ma ion sulfate omangika ku siliva, kupanga madzi ovuta monga Ag(H2O)n+. Ma complexes ali ndi kusungunuka kochepa m'madzi, motero kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwathunthu kwasiliva sulphate.
The reactivity wasiliva sulphatem'madzi samangokhalira kusungunuka kwake. Imakumananso ndi zochitika zosangalatsa za redox. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zitsulo zinki zidzawonjezedwa ku yankho lomwe lili ndisiliva sulphate, kusamuka kumachitika. Ma atomu a zinki amakhudzidwa ndi ma ayoni a sulphate, kusuntha ma ayoni asiliva mumgawo ndikupanga zinc sulfate. Izi zimapangitsa kuti siliva wachitsulo ayikidwe pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu usinthe.
Pomaliza, ngakhalesiliva sulphatekawirikawiri amaonedwa kuti ndi osasungunuka m'madzi, khalidwe lake muzitsulo zamadzimadzi ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe ankaganizira poyamba. Kuwonjezera zinthu zakunja, monga kutentha kwakukulu kapena kukhalapo kwa mankhwala ena, kungapangitse kusungunuka kwake ndikupangitsa mapangidwe a ayoni ovuta. Komanso,siliva sulphateamawonetsa reactivity mu mawonekedwe a redox reaction ndi zinthu zina, monga umboni wa kusamuka kwawo ndi zinc zitsulo. Ponseponse, kumvetsetsa khalidwe lasilver sulphate in madzi ndi ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'magawo monga chemistry, mafakitale, ndi sayansi ya chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-10-2023