Chifukwa chiyani silver chloride imasanduka imvi?

Silver chloride, mankhwala otchedwaAgCl, ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi chokhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wake woyera wapadera umapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino cha kujambula, zodzikongoletsera, ndi madera ena ambiri. Komabe, pambuyo poyatsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kuwala kapena malo ena, silver chloride imatha kusintha ndikusanduka imvi. M’nkhani ino, tiona zifukwa zimene zinachititsa zimenezi.

Silver chlorideamapangidwa ndi anachita zasiliva nitrate (AgNO3) ndi hydrochloric acid (HCl) kapena gwero lina lililonse la chloride. Ndi crystalline yolimba yoyera yomwe imakhala ndi zithunzi, kutanthauza kuti imasintha ikayatsidwa. Katunduyu ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ayoni asiliva (Ag +) ndi ayoni a chloride (Cl-) m'magalasi ake a crystal.

Chifukwa chachikuluSilver chlorideamasanduka imvi ndi mapangidwesiliva zitsulo(Ag) pamwamba pake. LitiSilver chlorideimawululidwa ndi kuwala kapena mankhwala ena, ma ions asiliva omwe amapezeka mumagulu amachepetsa. Izi zimayambitsasiliva zitsulokuika pamwamba pasiliva kloridimakhiristo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zochepetsera izi ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) komwe kumapezeka padzuwa. Silver chloride ikawonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa UV, mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi kuwala imapangitsa ma ion asiliva kupeza ma elekitironi, kenakosiliva zitsulo. Izi zimatchedwa photoreduction.

Kuwonjezera pa kuwala, zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitsesiliva kloridikutembenukira imvi kumaphatikizapo kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena, monga hydrogen peroxide kapena sulfure. Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito ngati zochepetsera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa ayoni asiliva kukhalasiliva zitsulo.

Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimapangitsa siliva chloride kukhala imvi ndi gawo la zonyansa kapena zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka kristalo. Ngakhale mu oyerasiliva kloridimakhiristo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zilema ting'onoting'ono kapena zonyansa zomwazika mumtambo wa kristalo. Izi zitha kukhala ngati malo oyambira pakuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyika kwasiliva chitsulopamwamba pa kristalo.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti graying wasiliva kloridisikuti ndi zotsatira zoipa. M’malo mwake, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pankhani yojambula zithunzi.Silver chloridendichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera, pomwe kutembenuka kwasiliva kloridiku siliva ndi sitepe yofunikira popanga chithunzi chowoneka. Zowululidwasiliva kloridimakhiristo amasanduka imvi akamachita ndi kuwala, kupanga chithunzi chobisika, chomwe chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ojambulira kuti awulule chithunzi chomaliza chakuda ndi choyera.

Mwachidule, imvi mtundu wasiliva kloridizimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ayoni siliva kukhalasiliva zitsulopamwamba pa kristalo. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuwala kapena mankhwala ena omwe amayambitsa kuchepetsa. Kukhalapo kwa zonyansa kapena zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka kristalo kungayambitsenso imvi. Ngakhale zikhoza kusintha maonekedwe asiliva kloridi, kusintha kumeneku kwagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi kuti apange zithunzi zokongola zakuda ndi zoyera.