Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze urubuga rwo guteranya ibintu bya nanosize, cyangwa "nano-ibintu," byubwoko butandukanye - butemewe cyangwa kama - muburyo bwifuzwa 3-D.Nubwo kwishyira hamwe (SA) byakoreshejwe neza mugutegura nanomateriali yubwoko butandukanye, inzira yabaye sisitemu yihariye cyane, itanga imiterere itandukanye ishingiye kumiterere yibikoresho.Nkuko twabitangarijwe mu mpapuro zasohotse uyu munsi mu bikoresho by’ibidukikije, urubuga rwabo rushya rwa ADN rushobora gukoreshwa na nanofabrication rushobora gukoreshwa kugirango hategurwe ibikoresho bitandukanye 3-D muburyo bumwe bwateganijwe kuri nanoscale (miliyari ya metero), aho optique idasanzwe, imiti , hamwe nindi mitungo igaragara.
Umwanditsi umwe witwa Oleg Gang yabisobanuye agira ati: "Imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma SA itari tekinike yo guhitamo mu bikorwa bifatika ni uko inzira imwe ya SA idashobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byinshi kugira ngo habeho imirongo imwe ya 3-D yatumijwe mu bice bitandukanye bya nanocomponent". , umuyobozi w'itsinda ryoroheje na Bio Nanomaterials mu kigo gishinzwe imikorere ya Nanomaterial (CFN) - Ishami rishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika (DOE) Ibiro bishinzwe ubumenyi bwa siyansi muri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Brookhaven - akaba n'umwarimu w’ubuhanga mu bya shimi na fiziki ikoreshwa na Ibikoresho Ubumenyi muri Columbia Engineering."Hano, twakuyeho inzira ya SA duhereye ku bintu bifatika dushushanya amakadiri akomeye ya ADN ya polyhedrale ashobora gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye bya nano-organique cyangwa organic nano, birimo ibyuma, semiconductor, ndetse na poroteyine na enzymes."
Abashakashatsi bakoze ibice bya ADN yubukorikori bwa cube, octahedron, na tetrahedron.Imbere yamakadiri harimo "amaboko" ya ADN gusa nano-ibintu bifite urwego rwuzuzanya rwa ADN bishobora guhuza.Ijwi ryibikoresho - guhuza ikadiri ya ADN na nano-kintu - ni inyubako zubaka aho macroscale 3-D ishobora gukorwa.Amakadiri ahuza undi atitaye ku bwoko bwa nano-ikintu kiri imbere (cyangwa ntabwo) ukurikije ibyuzuzanya bikurikiranye hamwe na vertike zabo.Ukurikije imiterere yabyo, amakadiri afite umubare utandukanye wuburebure bityo bigakora imiterere itandukanye rwose.Ikintu cyose nano-kintu cyakiriwe imbere yamakadiri gifata iyo miterere yihariye.
Kugira ngo berekane uburyo bwabo bwo guterana, abahanga bahisemo metallic (zahabu) na semiconducting (cadmium selenide) nanoparticles hamwe na poroteyine ya bagiteri (streptavidin) nka norgan-organique na organic nano-ibintu bizashyirwa mubice bya ADN.Ubwa mbere, bemeje ubunyangamugayo bwa ADN no gushiraho amajwi y’ibikoresho bakoresheje amashusho ya microscopes ya elegitoronike mu kigo cya CFN Electron Microscopy ndetse n’ikigo cya Van Andel, gifite ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike ku ngero z’ibinyabuzima.Bahise basuzuma ibyubatswe 3-D kuri Coherent Hard X-ray Ikwirakwiza hamwe nibikoresho bigoye byo gukwirakwiza urumuri rwigihugu rwa Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) - ikindi kigo cya DOE Ibiro bishinzwe ubumenyi muri Laboratwari ya Brookhaven.Columbia Engineering Bykhovsky Porofeseri w’ubuhanga mu bya shimi Sanat Kumar hamwe nitsinda rye bakoze icyitegererezo cyo kubara bagaragaza ko inyubako zubatswe zageragejwe (zishingiye ku buryo bwo gukwirakwiza x-ray) aribwo buryo bukomeye bwa termodinamike amajwi y’ibikoresho ashobora gukora.
Kumar yabisobanuye agira ati: "Aya majwi y'ibikoresho aradufasha gutangira gukoresha ibitekerezo biva kuri atome (na molekile) hamwe na kristu zikora, kandi bigashyira ubumenyi n'ububikoshingiro kuri sisitemu y'inyungu kuri nanoscale".
Abanyeshuri b'agatsiko muri Columbia bahise berekana uburyo urubuga rwo guterana rwakoreshwa mugutwara imitunganyirize yubwoko bubiri butandukanye hamwe nibikorwa bya shimi na optique.Mugihe kimwe, bahujije imisemburo ibiri, barema 3-D igizwe nubucucike bwinshi.Nubwo imisemburo yagumye idahindutse, yerekanaga inshuro enye ibikorwa byimisemburo.Izi "nanoreactors" zishobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha reaction ya caskade no gutuma habaho guhimba ibikoresho bikora imiti.Kugirango ibintu byerekanwe neza, bavanze amabara abiri atandukanye ya kwant - utuntu duto twa nanocristal zikoreshwa mugukora televiziyo hamwe no kuzura amabara menshi no kumurika.Amashusho yafashwe na microscope ya fluorescence yerekanaga ko uruzitiro rwakozwe rwagumanye ibara ryera munsi yumurambararo (uburebure bwumuraba) wumucyo;uyu mutungo urashobora kwemerera gukemura neza muburyo butandukanye hamwe nubuhanga bwitumanaho rya optique.
Agatsiko ati: "Tugomba gutekereza ku buryo ibikoresho bishobora gukorwa n'uburyo bikora.""Kuvugurura ibikoresho ntibishobora kuba ngombwa; gusa gupakira ibikoresho biriho muburyo bushya bishobora kuzamura imitungo yabo. Birashoboka ko urubuga rwacu rushobora kuba ikoranabuhanga rishobora kurenga" gukora imashini icapa 3-D "kugenzura ibikoresho ku munzani muto kandi bifite ibikoresho byinshi kandi Ibishushanyo mbonera. Gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gukora latike ya 3-D ivuye mu cyifuzo cya nano-ibintu byo mu byiciro bitandukanye, guhuza ibyo bitagaragara ko bidahuye, bishobora guhindura imikorere ya nanoman. "
Ibikoresho byatanzwe na DOE / Brookhaven Laboratoire yigihugu.Icyitonderwa: Ibirimo birashobora guhindurwa muburyo n'uburebure.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-14-2020