O le Nanotechnology o se matā'upu fa'aa'oa'oga fa'atupula'ia fa'asolosolo fa'asolosolo i le fa'ai'uga o le 1980s ma le amataga o le 1990s. Ona o le tele o lona gafatia e fausia ai faiga fou, meafaitino, ma oloa, o le a faʻaosoina ai se suiga fou o pisinisi i le seneturi fou. Ole tulaga ole atina'e o lo'o iai nei ole nanoscience ma le nanotechnology e tutusa ma le komepiuta ma fa'amatalaga tekonolosi ile 1950s. O le tele o saienitisi tuuto i lenei matata o loʻo faʻamoemoe o le atinaʻeina o nanotechnology o le ai ai se lautele ma loloto aafiaga i le tele o vaega o tekinolosi. Ua talitonu saienitisi o loʻo i ai mea uiga ese ma mea faʻapitoa, ma o aʻafiaga faʻatapulaʻa autu e oʻo atu ai i mea uiga ese o nanoeleele seaseamea e aofia ai aafiaga fa'apitoa i luga ole laiga, la'ititi la'ititi aafiaga, fa'aoga fa'aoga, fa'aaliga manino, a'afiaga tunneling, ma le fa'aogaina o le macroscopic quantum. O nei a'afiaga e fa'atupuina ai mea fa'aletino o faiga nano e ese mai mea masani, e pei o le malamalama, eletise, vevela, ma le magnetism, e mafua ai le tele o mea fou. E tolu fa'atonuga autu mo saienitisi i le lumana'i e su'esu'e ma atia'e le nanotechnology: o le saunia ma le fa'aogaina o nanomaterials maualuga; Fuafua ma saunia masini nano eseese ma meafaigaluega; Su'esu'e ma au'ili'ili mea totino o vaega nano. I le taimi nei, e tele lava nisi faʻatonuga faʻaoga mo nanoeleele seaseas, ma le faʻaogaina o le nano i le lumanaʻieleele seaseae mana'omia le fa'atupuina atili.
Nano lanthanum oxideo loʻo faʻaaogaina i mea piezoelectric, mea eletise eletise, mea vevela, mea magnetoresistive, mea faʻamalamalama (paʻu lanumoana) mea e teu ai le hydrogen, tioata tioata, mea laser, mea faʻapipiʻi eseese, faʻamalosi mo le saunia o vailaʻau vailaʻau, ma catalysts mo le faʻaitiitia o le taʻavale afi. O ata fa'ato'aga liliu mama e fa'aoga foi inano lanthanum oxide.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano ceriaaofia ai: 1. I le avea o se ipu fa'aopoopo,nano ceriae mafai ona mitiia le ultraviolet ma ave infrared ma ua faʻaaogaina i tioata taʻavale. E le gata e mafai ona taofia ai le faʻavevelaina o le ultraviolet, ae mafai foi ona faʻaitiitia le vevela i totonu o le taʻavale, ma faʻasaoina ai le eletise mo le ea malulu. 2. O le faaaogaina onano cerium oxidei totonu o ta'avale ta'avale fa'amama fa'amama e mafai ona puipuia lelei se aofa'iga tele o kasa ta'avale ta'avale mai le fa'aulu i le ea. 3.Nano cerium oxidee mafai ona faʻaoga i pigments e valivali ai palasitika ma e mafai foʻi ona faʻaaogaina i alamanuia e pei o paʻu, vaitusi, ma pepa. 4. O le faaaogaina onano ceriai mea faʻapolopolo ua lauiloa lautele o se tulaga maualuga-saʻo manaʻomia mo le faʻailoina o mea faʻapipiʻi masima ma safaira tasi tioata substrates. 5. E le gata i lea,nano ceriae mafai foʻi ona faʻaoga i mea e teu ai le hydrogen, mea e maua ai le thermoelectric,nano ceriatungsten electrodes, capacitors sima, ceramics piezoelectric,nano ceria carbide silikoniabrasives, suauu suauu mata, penisini catalysts, nisi mea maneta tumau, u'amea eseese, ma u'amea e le o ferrous.
NanomitaPraseodymium Oxide (Pr6O11)
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano praseodymium oxideaofia ai: 1. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i le fausiaina o ceramics ma ceramics i aso uma. E mafai ona fa'afefiloi ma le sima tioata e fai ai le lanu lanu, pe mafai fo'i ona fa'aaogaina e pei o se mea fa'ameamea i lalo o le lanu. O le pigmenti e gaosia e lanu samasama, ma se lanu mama ma le matagofie. 2. Faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiga o maneta tumau, faʻaaogaina lautele i masini eletise eseese ma afi. 3. Faʻaaogaina mo le suauʻu catalytic taʻe, e mafai ona faaleleia catalytic gaoioiga, filifili, ma mautu. 4.Nano praseodymium oxidee mafai foi ona faaaoga mo abrasive polesi. E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina onano praseodymium oxidei le fanua o alava opitika ua amata foi ona faateleina le salalau.
Nanomita neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)
Nanomita neodymium oxideelemene ua avea ma autu vevela o le gauai atu maketi mo le tele o tausaga ona o lona tulaga tulaga ese i leeleele seaseafanua.Nanomita neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aogaina fo'i i mea u'amea e le o ni u'amea. Fa'aopoopo le 1.5% i le 2.5%nano neodymium oxidei le magnesium poʻo le alumini alumini e mafai ona faʻaleleia ai le maualuga o le vevela, faʻafefe o le ea, ma le faʻafefeteina o le uʻamea, ma e faʻaaogaina lautele e avea o se mea ea. E le gata i lea, nano yttrium alumini garnet doped manano neodymium oxidee fa'atupuina fa'alava leisa galu pupuu, lea e fa'aaogaina lautele i alamanuia mo le u'u ma le tipiina o mea manifinifi ma le mafiafia e itiiti ifo i le 10mm. I togafitiga faafomaʻi, nanoalumini yttriumgarnet lasers doped inano neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aoga nai lo naifi tipitipi e ave'ese ai manu'a fa'ama'i po'o fa'ama'i.Nano neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aaogaina fo'i mo le valivaliina o mea tioata ma mea sima, fa'apea fo'i ma mea pa'u ma mea fa'aopoopo.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenanoscale samarium oxideaofia ai lona lanu samasama malamalama, lea e faʻaaogaina i capacitors sima ma catalysts. I le male,nano samarium oxidee iai fo'i mea faaniukilia ma e mafai ona fa'aogaina e fai ma mea fa'avae, mea e puipui ai, ma mea e fa'atonutonu ai mea fa'aola mo atomic reactors, e mafai ai ona fa'aoga saogalemu le tele o le malosi e fa'atupuina e le fission faaniukilia.
Nanoscaleeuropium oxide (Eu2O3)
Nanoscale europium oxideo lo'o fa'aaogaina tele i pa'u felanulanua'i. Eu3 + o loʻo faʻaaogaina e fai ma activator mo phosphors mumu, ma Eu2 + faʻaaogaina mo phosphors lanumoana. I aso nei, Y0O3: Eu3 + o le phosphor sili ona lelei mo luminescence lelei, faʻamautu faʻamau, ma le toe faʻaleleia o tau. E le gata i lea, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaleleia atili o tekonolosi e pei o le faʻaleleia atili o le luminescence lelei ma le faʻatusatusa, o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele. Talu ai nei,nano europium oxideua fa'aaogaina fo'i e fai ma fa'aoso fa'aoso fa'aoso i faiga fa'afoma'i fa'afoma'i fa'a-X-ray fou. E mafai fo'i ona fa'aogaina le Nano europium oxide e gaosia ai tioata lanu ma filiga fa'apitoa, mo masini e teu ai pulu maneta, ma mea e fa'atonutonu ai, mea e puipui ai, ma mea fa'atulagaina o mea fa'aatomika. gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3Eu3+) paʻu mumu mumu sa saunia e faʻaaoga ai.nano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) manano europium oxide (Eu2O3) e fai ma mea mata. Pe a saunieleele seaseatolu lanu felanulanua'i pauta, na maua ai e faapea: (a) e mafai ona fefiloi lelei ma le pauta lanumeamata ma le pauta lanumoana; (b) Fa'atino lelei le fa'alavalava; (c) Ona o le laʻititi laʻititi o le paʻu mumu, ua faʻatuputeleina le vaega faʻapitoa o luga, ma faʻateleina le aofaʻi o mea faʻamalama, lea e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le aofaʻi o le paʻu mumu o loʻo faʻaaogaina i totonu.eleele seaseatricolor phosphors, e mafua ai le faʻaititia o le tau.
O ona fa'aoga autu e aofia ai: 1. O lona fa'aogaina o le vai-soluble paramagnetic complex e mafai ona fa'aleleia atili ai le fa'ailoga fa'ata'ita'iga o le fa'ailoga o le tino o le tagata i fa'aoga fa'afoma'i. 2. Base sulfur oxides e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma matrix grids mo faʻamaʻi faʻapitoa oscilloscope tubes ma X-ray fluorescence screens. 3. O lenano gadolinium oxide in nano gadolinium oxideO le gallium garnet o se mea e tasi e sili ona lelei mo le manatua o le manatua o le maneta. 4. A leai se faʻatapulaʻaina o le taamilosaga a Camot, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻamalo malulu maneta. 5. Fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'agata mo le fa'atonutonuina o le maualuga o le fa'aogaina o filifili o fale eletise faaniukilia e fa'amautinoa ai le saogalemu o gaioiga faaniukilia. E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina onano gadolinium oxidema le nano lanthanum oxide faʻatasi e fesoasoani e suia le sone suiga o tioata ma faʻaleleia le mautu o le tioata.Nano gadolinium oxidee mafai foi ona faaaoga mo le gaosiga o capacitors ma X-ray faʻamalosi mata. O loʻo faia nei taumafaiga i le lalolagi atoa e atiaʻe le faʻaogaina onano gadolinium oxidema ona fa'ameamea i le fa'alili fa'amaneta, ma fa'ato'a faia.
Nanomitaterbium oxide (Tb4O7)
O vaega autu o talosaga e aofia ai: 1. E faʻaaogaina le paʻu o le fluorescent e fai ma faʻagaioiga mo le paʻu lanu meamata i totonu o le tolu paʻu lanu lanu muamua, e pei o le phosphate matrix faʻagaoioia enano terbium oxide, silicate matrix fa'agaoioia enano terbium oxide, ma le nano cerium magnesium aluminate matrix faagaioia enano terbium oxide, o lo'o tu'uina uma mai le moli lanu meamata i le tulaga fa'afiafiaina. 2. I tausaga talu ai nei, suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe sa faia i luganano terbium oxidefa'avae maneta-optical mea mo le teuina maneta-optical. O se magneto-optical disc ua atiae e faaaoga ai le Tb-Fe amorphous thin film e avea o se elemene e teu ai komepiuta e mafai ona faateleina le gafatia e teu i le 10-15 taimi. 3. Magneto tioata tioata, Faraday rotatory tioata o loo i ainano terbium oxide, o se mea autu o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o rotators, isolators, ma ringers faʻaaogaina lautele i tekinolosi laser.Nano terbium oxidema nano dysprosium iron oxide ua masani ona faʻaaogaina i le sonar ma ua faʻaaogaina lautele i vaega eseese, mai le faʻaogaina o suauʻu, faʻaogaina o le valve vai, micro positioning i masini faʻainisinia, masini, ma faʻatonutonu apaʻau mo vaʻalele ma vateatea vateatea.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) nano dysprosium oxideo: 1.Nano dysprosium oxidee fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'ato'aga o le pa'u felanulanua'i, ma fa'a-tiganano dysprosium oxideo se ion fa'aolaola fa'amoemoeina mo se nofoaga fa'amalama e tasi e tolu mea fa'amalamalama lanu muamua. E masani ona faia i ni fusi e lua, tasi o le moli samasama, ma le isi o le moli lanumoana. O mea luminescent doped inano dysprosium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se paʻu felanulanuaʻi lanu muamua e tolu. 2.Nano dysprosium oxideo se u'amea mata meamea mo le saunia tele magnetostrictive alloynano terbium oxidenano dysprosium iron oxide (Terfenol) u'amea, lea e mafai ona mafai ai ona ausia nisi o gaioiga faʻainisinia saʻo. 3.Nano dysprosium oxideu'amea e mafai ona fa'aaogaina e avea o se mea e teu ai magneto-optical ma le televave o le pu'eina ma le faitau faitau. 4. Fa'aaogaina mo le saunia onano dysprosium oxidelamepa, o le mea galue o loo faaaogaina inano dysprosium oxidelamepa onano dysprosium oxide. O lenei ituaiga o lamepa e iai mea lelei e pei o le maualuga o le susulu, lanu lelei, maualuga le vevela o le lanu, laʻititi laʻititi, ma le arc mautu. Ua faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻamalama mo ata tifaga, lomitusi, ma isi faʻamalamalamaga. 5. Ona o le tele neutron pu'e vaega cross-vaega onano dysprosium oxide, o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le alamanuia malosi atomic e fua ai le spectra neutron poʻo le faʻaogaina o le neutron.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano holmium oxideaofia ai: 1. e fai ma mea fa'aopoopo mo lamepa u'amea. O moli halide uʻamea o se ituaiga o moli faʻasalalau kesi na fausia i luga o le faʻavae o moli mercury maualuga, faʻaalia e ala i le faʻatumuina o le matauila i mea eseese.eleele seaseahalides. I le taimi nei, o le faʻaoga autu o leeleele seaseao le iodide, lea e fa'aosoina lanu eseese i le taimi e alu ai le kesi. Le mea faigaluega faʻaaogaina i lenano holmium oxidemoli ua iodizednano holmium oxide, lea e mafai ona ausia se maualuga maualuga o atoms uʻamea i le sone arc, faʻaleleia atili le lelei o le radiation. 2.Nano holmium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻaopoopoga mo yttrium iron poʻoyttrium aluminigarnet; 3.Nano holmium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e pei o le yttrium uʻamea alumini garnet (Ho: YAG) e faʻaulu ai le 2 μ M laser, o le tino o le tagata i luga o le 2 μ O le maualuga o le absorption o le m laser e maualuga, toetoe lava tolu poloaiga o le maualuga maualuga atu nai lo le Hd: YAG0. O lea la pe a faʻaaogaina le Ho: YAG laser mo taotoga faʻafomaʻi, e le gata e mafai ona faʻaleleia le lelei o le taotoga ma le saʻo, ae mafai foi ona faʻaitiitia le faʻaleagaina o le vevela i se laʻititi laʻititi. O le ave fua e gaosia enano holmium oxidetioata e mafai ona faʻaumatia gaʻo e aunoa ma le faʻatupuina o le vevela tele, ma faʻaitiitia ai le faʻaleagaina o le vevela i le soifua maloloina. Ua lipotia mai o le faaaogaina onano holmium oxidelasers i le Iunaite Setete e togafitia ai le glaucoma e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le tiga o gasegase o loʻo faia taotoga. 4. I le magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol D, o se aofaiga itiiti onano holmium oxidee mafai foi ona faʻaopoopo e faʻaitiitia ai le fanua i fafo e manaʻomia mo le saturation magnetization o le uʻamea. 5. E le gata i lea, o masini fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapitoa e pei o le fiber lasers, fiber amplifier, ma fiber sensors e mafai ona faia e faʻaaoga ai alava doped manano holmium oxide, lea o le a sili atu ona taua i le atinaʻeina vave o fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic i aso nei.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano erbium oxideaofia ai: 1. O le faʻamalama malamalama o Er3 + i le 1550nm e iai sona taua faʻapitoa, ona o lenei galu o loʻo tuʻuina tonu i le maualalo o le leiloa o alava opitika i fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic. Ina ua uma ona fiafia i le malamalama i le galu o le 980nm1480nm,nano erbium oxideions (Er3 +) suiga mai le tulaga o le eleele 4115/2 i le tulaga maualuga-malosi 4113/2, ma emit 1550nm wavelength malamalama pe a Er3 + i le tulaga maualuga-malosi suiga toe foi atu i le tulaga o le eleele, Quartz opitika filo e mafai ona auina atu galu eseese o le malamalama. , ae o le fua o le attenuation opitika e eseese. O le 1550nm frequency band o le malamalama o loʻo i ai le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o le mata (0.15 decibels i le kilomita) i le tuʻuina atu o filo opitika quartz, lea e toetoe lava o le pito i lalo ole fua faʻatatau. O le mea lea, pe a faʻaaogaina fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic e fai ma moli faʻailoga i le 1550nm, e faʻaitiitia le leiloa o le malamalama. I lenei auala, pe afai o se faʻatonuga talafeagai onano erbium oxideua doped i se matrix talafeagai, e mafai e le amplifier ona totogi mo leiloa i faiga fesootaiga e faavae i luga o le mataupu faavae o le laser. O le mea lea, i fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga e manaʻomia ai le faʻalauteleina o faailoilo opitika 1550nm,nano erbium oxidedoped fiber amplifier o masini fa'apitoa taua. I le taimi nei,nano erbium oxideua fa'atauina fa'atau oloa fa'auluulu alava silica doped. E tusa ai ma lipoti, ina ia aloese mai le faʻaaogaina le aoga, o le doping o le nano erbium oxide i fiber opitika e amata mai i le sefulu i le selau o ppm. O le televave o le atinaʻeina o fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic o le a tatalaina ai fanua fou mo le faʻaogaina onano erbium oxide. 2. E le gata i lea, o tioata laser doped inano erbium oxidema o latou gaosiga 1730nm ma 1550nm lasers e saogalemu mo mata o le tagata, faʻatasi ai ma le lelei o le faʻaogaina o le ea, malosi malosi e ulu atu mo le asu o le malae, lelei le le faalauaiteleina, ma e le faigofie ona iloa e fili. O le eseesega o le irradiation i luga o sini faamiliteli e fai si tele, ma o le laser rangefinder feaveai mo le saogalemu mata o tagata ua fausia mo le faaaogaina faamiliteli. 3. Er3 + e mafai ona faaopoopo i tioata e faieleele seaseamea tioata tioata, lea o lo'o i ai nei le mea fa'amautu leisa fa'atasi ai ma le maualuga o le malosi o le pulusua ma le malosi o le gaosiga. 4. Er3 + e mafai foi ona faaaoga e avea o se ion activation mo mea e seasea lalolagi upconversion laser. 5. E le gata i lea,nano erbium oxidee mafai foi ona faaaoga mo decolorization ma valivali o mata tioata tioata ma tioata tioata.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano yttrium oxidee aofia ai: 1. fa'aopoopo mo u'amea ma u'amea e le o u'amea. FeCr alloys e masani ona aofia ai le 0.5% i le 4%nano yttrium oxide, lea e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai le faʻamaʻiina o le faʻamaʻiina ma le ductility o nei uʻamea uʻamea; Ina ua uma ona faaopoopo se aofaiga talafeagai o mauoanano yttrium oxidefefiloieleele seaseai le u'amea MB26, ua matua fa'aleleia atili le fa'atinoga o le fa'ameamea, ma e mafai ona suitulaga i nisi o alumini alumini malosi mo va'alele va'alele; Fa'aopoopoina sina vaega itiiti ole nano yttriumoxide eleele seaseai Al Zr uʻamea e mafai ona faʻaleleia le faʻaogaina o le uʻamea; O lenei u'amea ua fa'aaogaina e le tele o fale gaosi uaea; Fa'aopooponano yttrium oxidei alloys apamemea faʻaleleia le conductivity ma le malosi faʻainisinia. 2. E iai le 6%nano yttrium oxidema alumini 2% silicon nitride ceramic mea e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e atiaʻe ai vaega afi. 3. Fa'aaoga se 400 wattnano neodymium oxidealumini garnet laser beam e fa'atino galuega fa'ainisinia e pei o le viliina, tipiina, ma le uelo i luga o vaega tetele. 4. O le electron microscope fluorescent screen e aofia ai Y-Al garnet wafers tioata tasi e maualuga le susulu o le fluorescence, maualalo le absorption o le malamalama faʻasalalau, lelei le tetee i le maualuga o le vevela ma le faʻaogaina o masini. 5. maualuganano yttrium oxideu'amea fa'atulagaina e o'o atu i le 90%nano gadolinium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina i vaalele ma isi talosaga e manaʻomia ai le maualalo o le mamafa ma le maualuga o le liusua. 6. maualuga le vevela proton fa'atautaia mea e aofia ai e o'o atu i le 90%nano yttrium oxidee taua tele mo le gaosiga o suauʻu suauʻu, electrolytic sela, ma kasa lagona vaega e manaʻomia le maualuga o le hydrogen solubility. I le male,nano yttrium oxideo lo'o fa'aaogaina fo'i e pei o se mea e fa'afefeteina ai le vevela maualuga, o se mea fa'afefete mo le suau'u atomic reactor, o se fa'aopoopoga mo mea maneta tumau, ma o se getter i le alamanuia fa'aeletoroni.
I le faaopoopo atu i luga, nanooxides eleele seaseae mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina i mea faʻaofuofu ma le soifua maloloina o le tagata ma le faʻatinoga o le siosiomaga. Mai le iunite su'esu'e o lo'o iai nei, e tofu uma i latou ma se fa'atonuga fa'apitoa: tete'e atu i fa'avevela ultraviolet; O le fa'aleagaina o le ea ma le fa'avevela o le ultraviolet e fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ma le kanesa; O le puipuia o le filogia e faigata ai ona pipii atu mea eleelea i lavalava; O lo'o fa'agasolo fo'i su'esu'ega i le tulaga o le fa'amama vevela. Ona o le maaa ma faigofie le matua o le paʻu, e sili ona faʻafefeteina faʻailoga i aso timuga. Fa'asolo i totonu ma le nanoeleele serium serium oxidee mafai ona fa'afefeteina le pa'u, fa'aitiitia le matua ma fa'afefeteina, ma fa'alelei tele e ofuina. O mea nanocoating ua avea foi ma autu vevela i suʻesuʻega nanomaterial i tausaga talu ai nei, faʻatasi ai ma le taulaiga autu i paʻu galue. E fa'aaoga e le Iunaite Setete le 80nmY2O3e pei o se faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi infrared, lea e maualuga lona lelei i le faʻaalia o le vevela.CeO2e maualuga le fa'asinomaga fa'asino ma maualuga mautu. O afeanano eleele seasea yttrium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide manano cerium oxideua faaopoopo le paʻu i le ufiufi, o le puipui i fafo e mafai ona tetee atu i le matua. Talu ai ona o le ufiufi puipui i fafo e faigofie ona matua ma pa'ū ona o le vali o loʻo faʻaalia i ave o le ultraviolet o le la ma le matagi umi ma le la, o le faʻaopoopoga ocerium oxidemayttrium oxidee mafai ona tetee atu i le radiation ultraviolet, ma o lona lapopoa e laʻititi lava.Nano cerium oxideo loʻo faʻaaogaina e pei o le ultraviolet absorber, E faʻamoemoe e faʻaaogaina e puipuia ai le matua o oloa palasitika ona o le ultraviolet radiation, faʻapea foʻi ma le matua o le UV o tane, taavale, vaʻa, tane suauʻu teuina, ma isi, ma faia se sao. i fafo o laupapa tetele
O le puipuiga sili e mo le ufiufi puipui totonu e puipuia ai le limu, susu, ma le filogia, ona o lona lapopoa e matua laʻititi, e faigata ai ona pipii le pefu i le puipui ma mafai ona solo i le vai. O loʻo iai pea le tele o faʻaoga mo nanooxides eleele seaseae manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe, ma matou te faʻamoemoe ma le faʻamaoni o le ai ai se taeao sili atu ona susulu.
Taimi meli: Nov-03-2023