O le Nanotechnology o se matā'upu fa'aa'oa'oga fa'atupula'ia fa'asolosolo fa'asolosolo i le fa'ai'uga o le 1980s ma le amataga o le 1990s. Ona o le tele o lona gafatia e fausia ai faiga fou, meafaitino, ma oloa, o le a faʻaosoina ai se suiga fou o pisinisi i le seneturi fou. Ole tulaga ole atina'e o lo'o iai nei ole nanoscience ma le nanotechnology e tutusa ma le komepiuta ma fa'amatalaga tekonolosi ile 1950s. O le tele o saienitisi tuuto i lenei matata o loʻo faʻamoemoe o le atinaʻeina o nanotechnology o le ai ai se lautele ma loloto aafiaga i le tele o vaega o tekinolosi. Ua talitonu saienitisi o loʻo i ai mea uiga ese ma mea faʻapitoa, ma o aʻafiaga faʻatapulaʻa autu e oʻo atu ai i mea uiga ese o nanoeleele seaseamea e aofia ai aafiaga fa'apitoa i luga ole laiga, la'ititi la'ititi aafiaga, fa'aoga fa'aoga, fa'aaliga manino, a'afiaga tunneling, ma le fa'aogaina o le macroscopic quantum. O nei a'afiaga e fa'atupuina ai mea fa'aletino o faiga nano e ese mai mea masani, e pei o le malamalama, eletise, vevela, ma le magnetism, e mafua ai le tele o mea fou. E tolu fa'atonuga autu mo saienitisi i le lumana'i e su'esu'e ma atia'e le nanotechnology: o le saunia ma le fa'aogaina o nanomaterials maualuga; Fuafua ma saunia masini nano eseese ma meafaigaluega; Su'esu'e ma au'ili'ili mea totino o vaega nano. I le taimi nei, e tele lava nisi faʻatonuga faʻaoga mo nanoeleele seaseas, ma le faʻaogaina o le nano i le lumanaʻieleele seaseae mana'omia le fa'atupuina atili.
Nano lanthanum oxideo loʻo faʻaaogaina i mea piezoelectric, mea eletise eletise, mea vevela, mea magnetoresistive, mea faʻamalamalama (paʻu lanumoana) mea e teu ai le hydrogen, tioata tioata, mea laser, mea faʻapipiʻi eseese, faʻamalosi mo le saunia o vailaʻau vailaʻau, ma catalysts mo le faʻaitiitia o le taʻavale afi. O ata fa'ato'aga liliu mama e fa'aoga foi inano lanthanum oxide.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano ceriaaofia ai: 1. I le avea o se ipu fa'aopoopo,nano ceriae mafai ona mitiia le ultraviolet ma ave infrared ma ua faʻaaogaina i tioata taʻavale. E le gata e mafai ona taofia ai le faʻavevelaina o le ultraviolet, ae mafai foi ona faʻaitiitia le vevela i totonu o le taʻavale, ma faʻasaoina ai le eletise mo le ea malulu. 2. O le faaaogaina onano cerium oxidei totonu o ta'avale ta'avale fa'amama fa'amama e mafai ona puipuia lelei se aofa'iga tele o kasa ta'avale ta'avale mai le fa'aulu i le ea. 3.Nano cerium oxidee mafai ona faʻaoga i pigments e valivali ai palasitika ma e mafai foʻi ona faʻaaogaina i alamanuia e pei o paʻu, vaitusi, ma pepa. 4. O le faaaogaina onano ceriai mea faʻapolopolo ua lauiloa lautele o se tulaga maualuga-saʻo manaʻomia mo le faʻailoina o mea faʻapipiʻi masima ma safaira tasi tioata substrates. 5. E le gata i lea,nano ceriae mafai foʻi ona faʻaoga i mea e teu ai le hydrogen, mea e maua ai le thermoelectric,nano ceriatungsten electrodes, capacitors sima, ceramics piezoelectric,nano ceria carbide silikoniabrasives, suauu suauu mata, penisini catalysts, nisi mea maneta tumau, uʻamea eseese, ma uʻamea le ferrous.
NanomitaPraseodymium Oxide (Pr6O11)
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano praseodymium oxideaofia ai: 1. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i le fausiaina o ceramics ma ceramics i aso uma. E mafai ona fa'afefiloi ma le sima tioata e fai ai le lanu lanu, pe mafai fo'i ona fa'aaogaina e pei o se mea fa'ameamea i lalo o le lanu. O le pigmenti e gaosia e lanu samasama, ma se lanu mama ma le matagofie. 2. Faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiga o maneta tumau, faʻaaogaina lautele i masini eletise eseese ma afi. 3. Faʻaaogaina mo le suauʻu catalytic taʻe, e mafai ona faaleleia catalytic gaoioiga, filifili, ma mautu. 4.Nano praseodymium oxidee mafai foi ona faaaoga mo abrasive polesi. E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina onano praseodymium oxidei le fanua o alava opitika ua amata foi ona faateleina le salalau.
Nanomita neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)
Nanomita neodymium oxideelemene ua avea ma autu vevela o le gauai atu maketi mo le tele o tausaga ona o lona tulaga tulaga ese i leeleele seaseafanua.Nanomita neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aogaina fo'i i mea u'amea e le o ni u'amea. Fa'aopoopo le 1.5% i le 2.5%nano neodymium oxidei le magnesium poʻo le alumini alumini e mafai ona faʻaleleia ai le maualuga o le vevela, faʻafefe o le ea, ma le faʻafefeteina o le uʻamea, ma e faʻaaogaina lautele e avea o se mea ea. E le gata i lea, nano yttrium alumini garnet doped manano neodymium oxidee fa'atupuina fa'alava leisa galu pupuu, lea e fa'aaogaina lautele i alamanuia mo le u'u ma le tipiina o mea manifinifi ma le mafiafia e itiiti ifo i le 10mm. I galuega faʻafomaʻi, nanoalumini yttriumgarnet lasers doped inano neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aoga nai lo naifi tipitipi e ave'ese ai manu'a fa'ama'i po'o fa'ama'i.Nano neodymium oxideo lo'o fa'aaogaina fo'i mo le valivaliina o mea tioata ma mea sima, fa'apea fo'i ma mea pa'u ma mea fa'aopoopo.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenanoscale samarium oxideaofia ai lona lanu samasama malamalama, lea e faʻaaogaina i capacitors sima ma catalysts. I le male,nano samarium oxidee iai fo'i mea faaniukilia ma e mafai ona fa'aogaina e fai ma mea fa'avae, mea e puipui ai, ma mea e fa'atonutonu ai mea fa'aola mo atomic reactors, e mafai ai ona fa'aoga saogalemu le tele o le malosi e fa'atupuina e le fission faaniukilia.
Nanoscaleeuropium oxide (Eu2O3)
Nanoscale europium oxidee tele lava ina fa'aaogaina i pa'u felanulanua'i. Eu3 + o loʻo faʻaaogaina e fai ma activator mo phosphors mumu, ma Eu2 + faʻaaogaina mo phosphors lanumoana. I aso nei, Y0O3: Eu3 + o le phosphor sili ona lelei mo luminescence lelei, faʻamautu faʻamau, ma le toe faʻaleleia o tau. E le gata i lea, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaleleia atili o tekonolosi e pei o le faʻaleleia atili o le luminescence lelei ma le faʻatusatusa, o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele. Talu ai nei,nano europium oxideua fa'aaogaina fo'i e fai ma fa'aoso fa'aoso fa'aoso i faiga fa'afoma'i fa'afoma'i fa'a-X-ray fou. E mafai fo'i ona fa'aogaina le Nano europium oxide e gaosia ai tioata lanu ma filiga fa'apitoa, mo masini e teu ai pulu maneta, ma mea e fa'atonutonu ai, mea e puipui ai, ma mea fa'atulagaina o mea fa'aatomika. gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3Eu3+) paʻu mumu mumu sa saunia e faʻaaoga ai.nano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) manano europium oxide (Eu2O3) e fai ma mea mata. Pe a saunieleele seaseatolu lanu felanulanua'i pauta, na maua ai e faapea: (a) e mafai ona fefiloi lelei ma le pauta lanumeamata ma le pauta lanumoana; (b) Fa'atino lelei le fa'alavalava; (c) Ona o le laʻititi laʻititi o le paʻu mumu, ua faʻatuputeleina le vaega faʻapitoa o luga, ma faʻateleina le aofaʻi o mea faʻamalama, lea e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le aofaʻi o le paʻu mumu o loʻo faʻaaogaina i totonu.eleele seaseatricolor phosphors, e mafua ai le faʻaititia o le tau.
O ona fa'aoga autu e aofia ai: 1. O lona fa'aogaina o le vai-soluble paramagnetic complex e mafai ona fa'aleleia atili ai le fa'ailoga fa'ata'ita'iga o le fa'ailoga o le tino o le tagata i fa'aoga fa'afoma'i. 2. Base sulfur oxides e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma matrix grids mo faʻamaʻi faʻapitoa oscilloscope tubes ma X-ray fluorescence screens. 3. O lenano gadolinium oxide in nano gadolinium oxideO le gallium garnet o se mea e tasi e sili ona lelei mo le manatua o le manatua o le maneta. 4. A leai se faʻatapulaʻaina o le taamilosaga a Camot, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻamalo malulu maneta. 5. Fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'agata mo le fa'atonutonuina o le maualuga o le fa'aogaina o filifili o fale eletise faaniukilia e fa'amautinoa ai le saogalemu o gaioiga faaniukilia. E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina onano gadolinium oxidema le nano lanthanum oxide faʻatasi e fesoasoani e suia le sone suiga o tioata ma faʻaleleia le mautu o le tioata.Nano gadolinium oxidee mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiga o capacitors ma X-ray faʻamalosi mata. O loʻo faia nei taumafaiga i le lalolagi atoa e atiaʻe le faʻaogaina onano gadolinium oxidema ona fa'ameamea i le fa'alili fa'amaneta, ma fa'ato'a faia.
Nanomitaterbium oxide (Tb4O7)
O vaega autu o talosaga e aofia ai: 1. E faʻaaogaina le paʻu o le fluorescent e fai ma faʻagaioiga mo le paʻu lanu meamata i totonu o le tolu paʻu lanu lanu muamua, e pei o le phosphate matrix faʻagaoioia enano terbium oxide, silicate matrix fa'agaoioia enano terbium oxide, ma le nano cerium magnesium aluminate matrix faagaioia enano terbium oxide, o lo'o tu'uina uma mai le moli lanu meamata i le tulaga fa'afiafiaina. 2. I tausaga talu ai nei, suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe sa faia i luganano terbium oxidefa'avae maneta-optical mea mo le teuina maneta-optical. O se magneto-optical disc ua atiae e faaaoga ai le Tb-Fe amorphous thin film e avea o se elemene e teu ai komepiuta e mafai ona faateleina le gafatia e teu i le 10-15 taimi. 3. Magneto tioata tioata, Faraday rotatory tioata o loo i ainano terbium oxide, o se mea autu o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o rotators, isolators, ma ringers faʻaaogaina lautele i tekinolosi laser.Nano terbium oxidema nano dysprosium iron oxide ua masani ona faʻaaogaina i le sonar ma ua faʻaaogaina lautele i vaega eseese, mai le faʻaogaina o suauʻu, faʻaogaina o le valve vai, micro positioning i masini faʻainisinia, masini, ma faʻatonutonu apaʻau mo vaʻalele ma vateatea vateatea.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) nano dysprosium oxideo: 1.Nano dysprosium oxidee fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'ato'aga o le pa'u felanulanua'i, ma fa'a-tiganano dysprosium oxideo se ion fa'aolaola fa'amoemoeina mo se nofoaga fa'amalama e tasi e tolu mea fa'amalamalama lanu muamua. E masani ona faia i ni fusi e lua, tasi o le moli samasama, ma le isi o le moli lanumoana. O mea luminescent doped inano dysprosium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se paʻu felanulanuaʻi lanu muamua e tolu. 2.Nano dysprosium oxideo se u'amea mata meamea mo le saunia tele magnetostrictive alloynano terbium oxidenano dysprosium iron oxide (Terfenol) u'amea, lea e mafai ona mafai ai ona ausia nisi o gaioiga faʻainisinia saʻo. 3.Nano dysprosium oxideu'amea e mafai ona fa'aaogaina e avea o se mea e teu ai magneto-optical ma le televave o le pu'eina ma le faitau faitau. 4. Fa'aaogaina mo le saunia onano dysprosium oxidelamepa, o le mea galue o loo faaaogaina inano dysprosium oxidelamepa onano dysprosium oxide. O lenei ituaiga o lamepa e iai mea lelei e pei o le maualuga o le susulu, lanu lelei, maualuga le vevela o le lanu, laʻititi laʻititi, ma le arc mautu. Ua faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻamalama mo ata tifaga, lomitusi, ma isi faʻamalamalamaga. 5. Ona o le tele neutron pu'e vaega cross-vaega onano dysprosium oxide, o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le alamanuia malosi atomic e fua ai le spectra neutron poʻo le faʻaogaina o le neutron.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano holmium oxideaofia ai: 1. e fai ma mea fa'aopoopo mo lamepa u'amea. O moli halide uʻamea o se ituaiga o moli faʻasalalau kesi na fausia i luga o le faʻavae o moli mercury maualuga, faʻaalia e ala i le faʻatumuina o le matauila i mea eseese.eleele seaseahalides. I le taimi nei, o le faʻaoga autu o leeleele seaseao le iodide, lea e fa'aosoina lanu eseese i le taimi e alu ai le kesi. Le mea faigaluega faʻaaogaina i lenano holmium oxidemoli ua iodizednano holmium oxide, lea e mafai ona ausia se maualuga maualuga o atoms uʻamea i le sone arc, faʻaleleia atili le lelei o le radiation. 2.Nano holmium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻaopoopoga mo yttrium iron poʻoalumini yttriumgarnet; 3.Nano holmium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina e pei o le yttrium uʻamea alumini garnet (Ho: YAG) e faʻaulu ai le 2 μ M laser, o le tino o le tagata i luga o le 2 μ O le maualuga o le absorption o le m laser e maualuga, toetoe lava tolu poloaiga o le maualuga maualuga atu nai lo le Hd: YAG0. O lea la pe a faʻaaogaina le Ho: YAG laser mo taotoga faʻafomaʻi, e le gata e mafai ona faʻaleleia le lelei o le taotoga ma le saʻo, ae mafai foi ona faʻaitiitia le faʻaleagaina o le vevela i se laʻititi laʻititi. O le ave fua fua e gaosia enano holmium oxidetioata e mafai ona faʻaumatia gaʻo e aunoa ma le faʻatupuina o le vevela tele, ma faʻaitiitia ai le faʻaleagaina o le vevela i le soifua maloloina. Ua lipotia mai o le faaaogaina onano holmium oxidelasers i le Iunaite Setete e togafitia ai le glaucoma e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le tiga o gasegase o loʻo faia taotoga. 4. I le magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol D, o se aofaiga itiiti onano holmium oxidee mafai foi ona faʻaopoopo e faʻaitiitia ai le fanua i fafo e manaʻomia mo le saturation magnetization o le uʻamea. 5. E le gata i lea, o masini fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapitoa e pei o le fiber lasers, fiber amplifier, ma fiber sensors e mafai ona faia e faʻaaoga ai alava doped manano holmium oxide, lea o le a sili atu ona taua i le atinaʻeina vave o fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic i aso nei.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano erbium oxideaofia ai: 1. O le faʻamalama malamalama o Er3 + i le 1550nm e iai sona taua faʻapitoa, ona o lenei galu o loʻo tuʻuina tonu i le maualalo o le leiloa o alava opitika i fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic. Ina ua uma ona fiafia i le malamalama i se galu umi o le 980nm1480nm,nano erbium oxideions (Er3 +) suiga mai le tulaga o le eleele 4115/2 i le tulaga maualuga-malosi 4113/2, ma emit 1550nm wavelength malamalama pe a Er3 + i le tulaga maualuga-malosi suiga toe foi atu i le tulaga o le eleele, Quartz opitika filo e mafai ona auina atu galu eseese o le malamalama. , ae o le fua faatatau attenuation opitika e eseese. O le 1550nm frequency band o le malamalama o loʻo i ai le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o le mata (0.15 decibels i le kilomita) i le tuʻuina atu o filo opitika quartz, lea e toetoe lava o le pito i lalo ole fua faʻatatau. O le mea lea, pe a faʻaaogaina fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic e fai ma moli faʻailoga i le 1550nm, e faʻaitiitia le leiloa o le malamalama. I lenei auala, pe afai o se faʻatonuga talafeagai onano erbium oxideua doped i se matrix talafeagai, e mafai e le amplifier ona totogi mo leiloa i faiga fesootaiga e faavae i luga o le mataupu faavae o le laser. O le mea lea, i fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga e manaʻomia ai le faʻalauteleina o faailoilo opitika 1550nm,nano erbium oxidedoped fiber amplifier o masini fa'apitoa taua. I le taimi nei,nano erbium oxideua fa'atauina fa'atau oloa fa'auluulu alava silica doped. E tusa ai ma lipoti, ina ia aloese mai le faʻaaogaina le aoga, o le doping o le nano erbium oxide i fiber opitika e amata mai i le sefulu i le selau o ppm. O le televave o le atinaʻeina o fesoʻotaʻiga fiber optic o le a tatalaina ai fanua fou mo le faʻaogaina onano erbium oxide. 2. E le gata i lea, o tioata laser doped inano erbium oxidema o latou gaosiga 1730nm ma 1550nm lasers e saogalemu mo mata o le tagata, faʻatasi ai ma le lelei o le faʻaogaina o le ea, malosi malosi e ulu atu mo le asu o le malae, lelei le le faalauaiteleina, ma e le faigofie ona iloa e fili. O le eseesega o le irradiation i luga o sini faamiliteli e fai si tele, ma o le laser rangefinder feaveai mo le saogalemu mata o tagata ua fausia mo le faaaogaina faamiliteli. 3. Er3 + e mafai ona faaopoopo i tioata e faieleele seaseamea tioata tioata, lea o lo'o i ai nei le mea fa'amautu leisa fa'atasi ai ma le maualuga o le malosi o le pulusua ma le malosi o le gaosiga. 4. Er3 + e mafai foi ona faaaoga e avea o se ion activation mo mea e seasea lalolagi upconversion laser. 5. E le gata i lea,nano erbium oxidee mafai foi ona faaaoga mo decolorization ma valivali o mata tioata tioata ma tioata tioata.
Ole fa'aoga autu olenano yttrium oxidee aofia ai: 1. fa'aopoopo mo u'amea ma u'amea e le o u'amea. FeCr alloys e masani ona aofia ai le 0.5% i le 4%nano yttrium oxide, lea e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai le faʻamaʻiina o le faʻamaʻiina ma le ductility o nei uʻamea uʻamea; Ina ua uma ona faaopoopo se aofaiga talafeagai o mauoanano yttrium oxidefefiloieleele seaseai le u'amea MB26, ua matua fa'aleleia atili le fa'atinoga o le fa'ameamea, ma e mafai ona suitulaga i nisi o alumini alumini malosi mo va'alele va'alele; Fa'aopoopoina sina vaega itiiti ole nano yttriumoxide eleele seaseai Al Zr uʻamea e mafai ona faʻaleleia le faʻaogaina o le uʻamea; O lenei u'amea ua fa'aaogaina e le tele o fale gaosi uaea; Fa'aopooponano yttrium oxidei alloys apamemea faʻaleleia le conductivity ma le malosi faʻainisinia. 2. E iai le 6%nano yttrium oxidema alumini 2% silicon nitride ceramic mea e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e atiaʻe ai vaega afi. 3. Fa'aaoga se 400 wattnano neodymium oxidealumini garnet laser beam e fa'atino galuega fa'ainisinia e pei o le viliina, tipiina, ma le uelo i luga o vaega tetele. 4. O le electron microscope fluorescent screen e aofia ai Y-Al garnet wafers tioata tasi e maualuga le susulu o le fluorescence, maualalo le absorption o le malamalama faʻasalalau, lelei le tetee i le maualuga o le vevela ma le faʻaogaina o masini. 5. maualuganano yttrium oxideu'amea fa'atulagaina e o'o atu i le 90%nano gadolinium oxidee mafai ona faʻaaogaina i vaalele ma isi talosaga e manaʻomia ai le maualalo o le mamafa ma le maualuga o le liusua. 6. maualuga le vevela proton fa'atautaia mea e aofia ai e o'o atu i le 90%nano yttrium oxidee taua tele mo le gaosiga o suauʻu suauʻu, electrolytic sela, ma kasa lagona vaega e manaʻomia le maualuga o le hydrogen solubility. I le male,nano yttrium oxideo lo'o fa'aaogaina fo'i e pei o se mea e fa'afefeteina ai le vevela maualuga, o se mea fa'afefete mo le suau'u atomic reactor, o se fa'aopoopoga mo mea maneta tumau, ma o se getter i le alamanuia fa'aeletoroni.
I le faaopoopo atu i luga, nanooxides eleele seaseae mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina i mea faʻaofuofu ma le soifua maloloina o le tagata ma le faʻatinoga o le siosiomaga. Mai le iunite su'esu'e o lo'o iai nei, e tofu uma i latou ma se fa'atonuga fa'apitoa: tete'e atu i fa'avevela ultraviolet; O le fa'aleagaina o le ea ma le fa'avevela o le ultraviolet e fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ma le kanesa; O le puipuia o le filogia e faigata ai ona pipii atu mea eleelea i lavalava; O lo'o fa'agasolo fo'i su'esu'ega i le tulaga o le fa'amama vevela. Ona o le maaa ma faigofie le matua o le paʻu, e sili ona faʻafefeteina faʻailoga i aso timuga. Fa'asolo i totonu ma le nanoeleele serium serium oxidee mafai ona fa'afefeteina le pa'u, fa'aitiitia le matua ma fa'afefeteina, ma fa'alelei tele e ofuina. O mea nanocoating ua avea foi ma autu vevela i suʻesuʻega nanomaterial i tausaga talu ai nei, faʻatasi ai ma le taulaiga autu i paʻu galue. E fa'aaoga e le Iunaite Setete le 80nmY2O3e pei o se infrared talipupuni faʻapipiʻi, lea e maualuga lona lelei i le faʻaalia o le vevela.CeO2e maualuga le fa'asinomaga fa'asino ma maualuga mautu. O afeanano eleele seasea yttrium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide manano cerium oxideua faaopoopo le paʻu i le ufiufi, o le puipui i fafo e mafai ona tetee atu i le matua. Talu ai ona o le ufiufi puipui i fafo e faigofie ona matua ma pa'ū ona o le vali o loʻo faʻaalia i ave o le ultraviolet o le la ma le matagi umi ma le la, o le faʻaopoopoga ocerium oxidemayttrium oxidee mafai ona tetee atu i le radiation ultraviolet, ma o lona lapopoa e laʻititi lava.Nano cerium oxideo loʻo faʻaaogaina e pei o le ultraviolet absorber, E faʻamoemoe e faʻaaogaina e puipuia ai le matua o oloa palasitika ona o le ultraviolet radiation, faʻapea foʻi ma le matua o le UV o tane, taavale, vaʻa, tane suauʻu teuina, ma isi, ma faia se sao. i fafo o laupapa tetele
O le puipuiga sili e mo le ufiufi puipui totonu e puipuia ai le limu, susu, ma le filogia, ona o lona lapopoa e matua laʻititi, e faigata ai ona pipii le pefu i le puipui ma mafai ona solo i le vai. O loʻo iai pea le tele o faʻaoga mo nanooxides eleele seaseae manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe, ma matou te faʻamoemoe ma le faʻamaoni o le ai ai se taeao sili atu ona susulu.
Taimi meli: Nov-03-2023