Sezvatinoziva tese, zvicherwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo muChina zvinonyanya kuumbwa nemwenje isingawanzo mativi epasi, ayo lanthanum uye cerium account inodarika 60%. Nekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo gineti zvemagineti zvepasi, zvisingawanzo kupenya pasi pevhu, poda isingawanzo kupenya pasi uye pasi risingawanzo muindasitiri yesimbi muChina gore negore, kudiwa kwepasi repakati uye rinorema risingawanzo mumusika wepamba kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Kusarira kwakakura kwekuwanda kwechiedza chisingawanzo pasi seCe, La uye Pr, izvo zvinotungamira kusaenzana kwakakomba pakati pekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi muChina. Zvinoonekwa kuti chiedza chisingawanzoitiki zvinhu zvepasi zvinoratidza zvakanaka catalytic performance uye kushanda zvakanaka mumakemikari reaction process nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika 4f electron shell chimiro. Naizvozvo, Kushandisa mwenje isingawanzo pasi sechinhu chinokonzeresa inzira yakanaka yekushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvepasi. Catalyst imhando yezvinhu inogona kukurumidza kuita kemikari uye haidyiwe isati yasvika uye mushure mekuita. Kusimbisa tsvakiridzo yekutanga yeasingawanzo pasi catalysis haingogone kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira, asi zvakare kuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye simba uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuvandudza budiriro.
Sei zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepanyika zvine kuita kwekuita?
Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi zvine chimiro chekunze chemagetsi chekunze (4f), iyo inoshanda seatomu yepakati pezvakaoma uye ine nhamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatanidza kubva pa 6 kusvika ku 12. Kusiyana kwenhamba yekubatana kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi zvinotarisa kuti vane "residual valence" . Nekuti 4f ine nomwe dze backup electron orbitals ine bonding kugona, inoita basa re "backup chemical bond" kana "residual valence".Kugona uku kunodiwa kuti pave neforoma catalyst. Naizvozvo, zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi hazvisi chete zvine chekuita nekuita, asi zvakare zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinowedzera kana cocatalysts kuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi ezvinokonzeresa, kunyanya kurwisa-kuchembera kugona uye anti-chepfu kugona.
Parizvino, basa re nano cerium oxide uye nano lanthanum oxide mukurapwa kwemoto unopopota rave chinhu chitsva chekutarisa.
Zvinhu zvinokuvadza mukupopota kwemotokari zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira CO, HC uye NOx. Ivhu risingawanzo shandiswa mupasi risingawanzwisisike mota exhaust purification catalyst rinonyanya musanganiswa wecerium oxide, praseodymium oxide uye lanthanum oxide. Iyo isingawanzo yepasi mota inopedza exhaust yekuchenesa catalyst inoumbwa neakaoma oxides epasi isingawanzo uye cobalt, manganese uye lead. Irwo rudzi rweternary catalyst ne perovskite, spinel type uye chimiro, umo cerium oxide ndiyo chikamu chinokosha.Nekuda kwemaitiro eredox ecerium oxide, zvikamu zvemhepo inopedza gasi inogona kunyatsogadziriswa.
Mota exhaust purification catalyst inonyanya kuumbwa nemuzinga we ceramic (kana simbi) inotakura uye pamusoro inobatidzwa coating. Iyo yakashongedzwa yejasi inoumbwa nenzvimbo hombe γ-Al2O3, yakaringana huwandu hweokisidhi yekudzikamisa pamusoro penzvimbo uye catalytically inoshanda simbi yakapararira mujasi. Kuti uderedze kudyiwa kweinodhura pt uye RH, wedzera kushandiswa kwePd yakachipa uye kuderedza mutengo wezvinokonzeresa, pane fungidziro yekusadzikisa mashandiro emotokari inopedza tsvina yekuchenesa catalyst, imwe huwandu hweCeO2 neLa2O3 inowanzowedzerwa mu activation coating yeinowanzo shandiswa Pt-Pd-Rh ternary catalyst kuumba isingawanzo pasi yakakosha simbi ternary catalyst ine yakanakisa catalytic mhedzisiro. La2O3 (UG-La01) uye CeO2 yakashandiswa sevanosimudzira kuvandudza mashandiro eγ- Al2O3 inotsigirwa inoyevedza simbi inokonzeresa. Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo, CeO2, Iyo huru meshini yeLa2O3 mune inoyevedza simbi catalysts ndeiyi inotevera:
1. kunatsiridza basa rinokonzera rejasi rinoshanda nekuwedzera CeO2 kuchengetedza simbi yakakosha yesimbi yakapararira mumucheka unoshanda, kuitira kuti udzivise kuderedzwa kwecatalytic lattice points uye kukanganisa kwechiitiko chinokonzerwa nekupisa. Kuwedzera CeO2(UG-Ce01) muPt/γ-Al2O3 inogona kupararira paγ-Al2O3 muchikamu chimwe chete (iyo yakawanda yakawanda ye-single-layer dispersion ndeye 0.035g CeO2/g γ-Al2O3), iyo inoshandura nzvimbo yepamusoro ye γ -Al2O3 uye inovandudza dispersion degree yePt.Apo CeO2 zvinyorwa zvakaenzana kana kuti pedyo nekupararira kwechikumbaridzo, dhigirii yekuparadzira yePt inosvika pakakwirira. Iyo yekuparadzira chikumbaridzo cheCeO2 ndiyo yakanakisa dosi yeCeO2. Mumhepo ine oxidation iri pamusoro pe600 ℃, Rh inorasikirwa nekuita kwayo nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemhinduro yakasimba pakati peRh2O3 neAl2O3. Kuvapo kweCeO2 kunoderedza maitiro pakati peRh neAl2O3 uye kuchengetedza kushandiswa kweRh. La2O3 (UG-La01) inogonawo kudzivirira kukura kwePt ultrafine particles.Kuwedzera CeO2 uye La2O3 (UG-La01) kuPd/γ 2al2o3, zvakaonekwa kuti kuwedzera kweCeO2 kwakakurudzira kupararira kwePd pamutakuri uye yakagadzira synergistic kuderedza. Kupararira kwepamusoro kwePd uye kushamwaridzana kwayo neCeO2 paPd / γ2Al2O3 ndiyo kiyi yebasa repamusoro rekugadzirisa.
2. Auto-adjusted air-fuel ratio (aπ f) Kana tembiricha yekutanga yemotokari ichikwira, kana kana modhi yekutyaira nekumhanya ikachinja, mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo uye gasi rekuburitsa rinoshanduka, izvo zvinoita kuti mamiriro ekushanda emotokari apere. gasi yekuchenesa catalyst inogara ichichinja uye inokanganisa kuita kwayo kunobatsira. Izvo zvinodiwa kugadzirisa π mafuta emhepo kuchiyero che stoichiometric che 1415 ~ 1416, kuitira kuti catalyst ipe kutamba kwakazara kumabasa ayo ekunatswa.CeO2 is a variable valence oxide (Ce4 + ΠCe3 +), ine zvinhu zve N-mhando semiconductor, uye ine yakanakisa kuchengetedza uye kuburitsa kugona. Kana iyo A π F chiyero ichichinja, CeO2 inogona kuita basa rakanakisa mukugadzirisa zvine simba reshiyo yemafuta emhepo. Ndiko kuti, O2 inosunungurwa kana mafuta ari akawandisa kubatsira CO uye hydrocarbon oxidize; Kana mhepo yakawandisa, CeO2-x inobata basa rekudzikisa uye inopindirana neNOx kubvisa NOx kubva kune gasi rekubuda kuti uwane CeO2.
3. Mhedzisiro yecocatalyst Kana musanganiswa weaπ f uri muyero ye stoichiometric, kunze kweiyo oxidation reaction yeH2, CO, HC uye kuderera kwekuita kweNOx, CeO2 secocatalyst inogonawo kukurumidza kutama kwegasi remvura uye kushandura mhepo inogadzirisa uye kuderedza zviri mukati meCO uye HC. La2O3 inogona kuvandudza chiyero chekushandura mumvura gasi rekufamba-famba uye hydrocarbon steam reforming reaction.Iyo yakagadzirwa hydrogen inobatsira NOx kuderedza. Kuwedzera La2O3 kuPd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 yekuparara kwemethanol, zvakaonekwa kuti kuwedzerwa kweLa2O3 kwakadzivisa kuumbwa kwe-product dimethyl ether uye kwakagadzirisa basa rinokurudzira rekugadzirisa. Kana zvinyorwa zveLa2O3 zviri 10%, iyo catalyst ine basa rakanaka uye methanol shanduko inosvika pakakwirira (inenge 91.4%). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti La2O3 ine kupararira kwakanaka pa γ-Al2O3 mutakuri. Uyezve, yakakurudzira kupararira kweCeO2 pa γ2Al2O3 mutakuri uye kuderedzwa kweokisijeni yakawanda, yakawedzera kuvandudza kupararira kwePd uye kuwedzera kushamwaridzana pakati pePd neCeO2, nokudaro kuvandudza catalytic chiitiko cheiyo catalyst yekuora methanol.
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye maitiro matsva ekushandiswa kwesimba, China inofanirwa kugadzira zvinhu zvisingaite zvepasi zvinokonzeresa zvine kodzero yakazvimirira yezviwanikwa, kuwana mashandisiro akanaka ezviwanikwa zvepasi, kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji yezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi, uye kuona kusvetuka. -kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwepamusoro-tekinoroji masumbu emaindasitiri akadai sepasi risingawanzo, nharaunda uye simba idzva.
Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa nekambani zvinosanganisira nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminium hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano copper oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide. , nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxide, nano antibacterial agent uye graphene.Unhu hwechigadzirwa hwakagadzikana, uye hwakatengwa mumabheti nemabhizimusi emarudzi akawanda.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-23-2021