Ceriumisimbi ine grey uye ine upenyu ine density ye6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (hexagonal crystal), nzvimbo yakanyunguduka inosvika 795 ℃, kuvira kwe3443 ℃, uye ductility. Ndiyo yakajairika yakawanda yakawanda yelanthanide simbi. Bent cerium mitsetse kazhinji inopfava.
Ceriumiri nyore oxidized pakupisa kwekamuri uye inorasikirwa nekupenya kwayo mumhepo. Inogona kupiswa mumhepo nekukwesha nebanga (pure cerium haitani kutsva zvinongoerekana yavapo, asi inonyanya kupiswa nemoto kana yaiswa oxidized zvishoma kana yakasanganiswa nesimbi). Kana yapiswa, inotsva mumhepo kuti ibudise ceria. Inogona kuita nemvura iri kufashaira kugadzira cerium hydroxide, inonyungudika muasidhi asi isinganyunguriki mualkali.
1, Chakavanzika checerium element
Cerium,ine nhamba yeatomu ye58, ndeyazvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasiuye chinhu chinonzi lanthanide muBoka IIIB yechitanhatu periodic system. Yayo yekutanga chiratidzo ndeyeCe, uye isimbi yesirivha grey inoshanda. Hupfu hwayo hunowanzoita kupisa kwega mumhepo uye inonyungudika zviri nyore mumaasidhi uye zvinoderedza. Iro zita rekuti cerium rinobva pakuti zviri mukati mecerium mugoko repasi zvinosvika 0.0046%, zvichiita kuti ive iyo yakanyanya kuwanda kwazvo pasi chinhu.
Mumhuri isingawanzo yepasi, cerium pasina mubvunzo ndiye "mukoma mukuru". Chekutanga, kuwanda kwese kwepasi risingawanikwe muEarth crust 238 ppm, ine cerium accounting ye 68 ppm, inova 28% yehuwandu hwepasi isingawanzo kugoverwa uye chinzvimbo chekutanga; Kechipiri, cerium yaive yechipiri isingawanzo pasi chinhu chakawanikwa makore mapfumbamwe mushure mekuwanikwa kweyttriummuna 1794. Parizvino, ruzivo rwakakosha rwakagadziridzwa, unogona kutarisa webhusaiti yemashokonhau dzebhizimisi.
2, Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwecerium
1. Zvishandiso zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza, nechikumbiro chinomiririra zvakanyanya chiri chemotokari chinopisa chekuchenesa catalysts. Kuwedzera cerium kune anowanzo shandiswa ternary catalysts emasimbi anokosha akadai seplatinamu, rhodium, palladium, nezvimwe zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro echipo uye kuderedza huwandu hwesimbi dzinokosha dzinoshandiswa. Izvo zvinosvibisa zvakanyanya mumagasi ekupedza icarbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, uye ammonia oxides, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa munhu hematopoietic system, kuumba photochemical chepfu utsi, uye kugadzira carcinogens, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kuvanhu, mhuka, uye zvidyarwa. Iyo tekinoroji yekuchenesa tekinoroji inogona kunyatso oxidize ma hydrocarbons uye kabhoni monoxide kugadzira kabhoni dhaikisaidhi nemvura, uye kuora maokisi muammonia neokisijeni (nokudaro zita rekuti ternary catalysis).
2. Kutsiviwa kwesimbi dzinokuvadza: Cerium sulfide inogona kutsiva simbi dzakadai somutobvu uye cadmium zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye vanhu sechinhu chitsvuku chemavara mapurasitiki. Inogonawo kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semajasi, ingi, uye mapepa. Organic makomisheni akadai secerium rich light rare earth cyclic acid salts anoshandiswawo sependi yekuomesa, PVC plastic stabilizers, uye MC nylon modifiers. Vanogona kutsiva zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakaita semunyu womutobvu uye kuderedza zvinhu zvinodhura zvakadai sekuchera munyu. 3. Zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa, kunyanya zviyereru zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvakaita secerium, zvinogona kuvandudza kunaka kwechirimwa, kuwedzera goho, uye kuwedzera kusimba kwezvirimwa. Inoshandiswa sekuwedzera kwechikafu, inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzira mazai ehuku uye chiyero chekupona kwehove nekurima shrimp, uye zvakare kuvandudza mhando yemvere dzemakwai ane vhudzi refu.
3 、 Yakajairika makomisheni ecerium
1.Cerium oxide- inorganic substance ine chemical formulaCeO2, hupfu hunobatsira hweyero yero kana yeroroni. Density 7.13g/cm3, melting point 2397 ℃, isinganyunguriki mumvura uye alkali, inonyungudika zvishoma muasidhi. Kuita kwayo kunosanganisira kukwenenzvera zvinhu, zvinokonzeresa, zvinotakura zvinotakura (zvinowedzera), ultraviolet absorbers, fuel cell electrolytes, mota exhaust absorbers, electronic ceramics, nezvimwe.
2. Cerium sulfide - ine molecular formula CeS, itsva yakasvibirira uye ine ushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza pigment tsvuku inoshandiswa muminda yepurasitiki, machira, pendi, pigments, etc. Icho chinhu chitsvuku chehupfu chine yellowish phase inorganic pigment. Iri ye inorganic pigment, ine simba rakasimba rekupenda, ruvara rwakajeka, kumira zvakanaka kwekushisa, mwenje kuramba, kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze, simba rekuvharisa rakanaka, kusatama, uye chinhu chakanakisa chinotsiviwa neheavy metal inorganic pigments senge cadmium tsvuku.
3. Cerium chloride- inozivikanwawo secerium trichloride, inonzi anhydrouscerium chloridekana kuti hydrated compound yecerium chloride inogumbura maziso, maitiro ekufema, uye ganda. Inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai se petroleum catalysts, mota exhaust catalysts, epakati makomisheni, uye zvakare mukugadziracerium simbi.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-12-2024