Gadolinium, chikamu 64 chetafura ye periodic.
Lanthanide mu tafura ye periodic imhuri huru, uye makemikari avo akafanana zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe, saka zvakaoma kuvaparadzanisa. Muna 1789, nyanzvi yekemisitiri wekuFinnish John Gadolin akawana metal oxide uye akawana yekutanga isingawanzo pasi oxide -Yttrium(III) oxidekuburikidza nekuongorora, kuvhura nhoroondo yekuwanikwa yezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi. Muna 1880, musayendisiti wokuSweden anonzi Demeriak akawana zvinhu zviviri zvitsva, chimwe chazvo chakazosimbiswa kuti ndichosamarium, uye imwe yacho yakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo sechinhu chitsva, gadolinium, mushure mekucheneswa nenyanzvi yemakemikari yeFrance Debuwa Bodeland.
Gadolinium element inotangira pasilicon beryllium gadolinium ore, iyo isingadhuri, yakapfava mukugadzirwa, yakanaka muductility, magineti patembiricha yepakamuri, uye chinhu chinoshanda chisingawanzo shanda chepasi. Inodzikama mumhepo yakaoma, asi inorasikirwa nekupenya kwayo mukunyorova, ichigadzira yakasununguka uye nyore kuvharika flake senge machena oxides. Kana yapiswa mumhepo, inogona kugadzira ma oxides machena. Gadolinium inobata zvishoma nezvishoma nemvura uye inogona kunyungudika muasidhi kuita munyu usina ruvara. Mishonga yaro yemakemikari yakafanana nemamwe Lanthanide, asi maitiro ayo ekuona uye magineti akasiyana zvishoma. Gadolinium iParamagnetism pane tembiricha yekamuri uye ferromagnetic mushure mekutonhora. Hunhu hwayo hunogona kushandiswa kuvandudza magineti echigarire.
Uchishandisa iyo Paramagnetism yegadolinium, iyo gadolinium mumiriri inogadzirwa yave yakanaka mutsauko mumiriri weNMR. Iyo yekuzvitsvagira wega nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging tekinoroji kwakatangwa, uye kwave ne6 Nobel Prize ine chekuita nazvo. Nuclear magnetic resonance inonyanya kukonzerwa nekutenderera kweatomic nuclei, uye kutenderera kweatomic nuclei dzakasiyana kunosiyana. Zvichienderana nemasaisai emagetsi anoburitswa neakasiyana attenuation munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvimiro, chinzvimbo uye mhando yeatomu nuclei inoumba chinhu ichi inogona kutariswa, uye mufananidzo wemukati wechinhu unogona kudhirowa. Pasi pekuita kwemagnetic field, chiratidzo chenyukireya magnetic resonance imaging technology inobva pakutenderera kwemamwe nuclei eatomic, yakadai sehydrogen nuclei mumvura. Nekudaro, idzi spin dzinokwanisa nuclei dzinodziirwa muRF ndima yemagnetic resonance, yakafanana neiyo microwave oveni, iyo inowanzo netesa chiratidzo chegineti resonance imaging tekinoroji. Gadolinium ion haina kungoita yakasimba kwazvo Spin magineti nguva, iyo inobatsira kutenderera kweatomu nucleus, inovandudza kucherechedzwa kwechiitiko chechirwere chechirwere, asiwo chishamiso chinoramba chichitonhorera. Nekudaro, gadolinium ine humwe huturu, uye mukurapa, chelating ligands inoshandiswa kuvharira gadolinium ion kuti ivadzivirire kuti vasapinda munyama dzevanhu.
Gadolinium ine yakasimba magnetocaloric effect patembiricha yekamuri, uye tembiricha yayo inosiyana nehukuru hwemagineti, iyo inounza inonakidza application - magineti firiji. Munguva yefiriji maitiro, nekuda kwekutarisa kweiyo magineti dipole, iyo magineti zvinhu zvinopisa pasi peimwe yekunze magineti. Kana iyo magnetic field inobviswa uye yakavharidzirwa, kutonhora kwezvinhu kunoderera. Mhando iyi yekutonhodza magineti inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafiriji akadai seFreon uye kutonhora pasi nekukurumidza. Parizvino, nyika iri kuyedza kuvandudza mashandisirwo egadolinium nema alloys ayo mundima iyi, uye kugadzira diki uye inoshanda magineti inotonhorera. Pasi pekushandiswa kwegadolinium, tembiricha yakanyanya-yakaderera inogona kuwanikwa, saka gadolinium inozivikanwawo se "simbi inotonhora kwazvo munyika".
Gadolinium isotopes Gd-155 neGd-157 dzine thermal neutron Absorption cross cross section pakati pe Natural isotopes, uye inogona kushandisa shoma shoma yegadolinium kudzora mashandiro akajairika emagetsi enyukireya. Saka, gadolinium based light water reactors uye gadolinium Control rod yakazvarwa, iyo inogona kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwemaactor enyukireya uku ichideredza mutengo.
Gadolinium inewo yakanakisa optical properties uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira optical isolator, yakafanana nedhiodhi mumaseketi, anozivikanwawo semalight-emitting diode. Mhando iyi yechiedza-emitting diode haingobvumiri chiedza kuti chipfuure kune imwe nzira, asiwo inovhara kuratidzwa kwemaungira mufiber optical, kuve nechokwadi chekuchena kwekutsvaga kwechiratidzo chekutsvaga uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekufambisa kwemafungu echiedza. Gadolinium gallium garnet ndeimwe yeakanakisa substrate zvinhu zvekugadzira optical isolators.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-06-2023