Hafniuminogona kugadzira alloys nedzimwe simbi, iyo inonyanya kumiririra iyo hafnium tantalum alloy, yakadai se pentacarbide tetratantalum uye hafnium (Ta4HfC5), iyo ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyunguduka. Kunyungudika kwepentacarbide tetratantalum uye hafnium inogona kusvika 4215 ℃, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chiri kuzivikanwa parizvino chine nzvimbo yepamusoro yekunyungudika.
Hafnium, ine kemikari chiratidzo Hf, chinhu chesimbi chiri muchikamu cheshanduko yesimbi. Chitarisiko chayo chekutanga isirivha grey uye ine simbi inopenya. Iyo ine kuoma kweMohs ye5.5, nzvimbo yekunyungudika ye2233 ℃, uye ipurasitiki. Hafnium inogona kugadzira oxide coating mumhepo, uye zvimiro zvayo zvakatsiga pakudziya kwekamuri. Powdered hafnium inogona kungopisa mumhepo, uye inogona kuita neokisijeni uye nitrogen pakupisa kwakanyanya. Hafnium haina kuita nemvura, inoderedza asidhi yakadai sehydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, uye yakasimba alkaline solutions. Inonyungudika mumaasidhi akasimba akadai seaqua regia uye hydrofluoric acid, uye ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance.
The elementhafniumyakawanikwa muna 1923. Hafnium ine zvinyorwa zvishoma muPasi pasi, chete 0.00045%. Iyo inowanzobatanidzwa nesimbi zirconium uye haina ores yakasiyana. Hafnium inogona kuwanikwa mumigodhi yakawanda ye zirconium, yakadai seberyllium zircon, zircon, uye mamwe mamineral. Mhando mbiri dzekutanga dze ores dzine yakakwira yemukati yehafnium asi yakaderera matura, uye zircon ndiyo inonyanya kukonzeresa hafnium. Panyika yose, iyo yose yakachengetwa yehafnium zviwanikwa inopfuura miriyoni imwe yematani. Nyika dzine nzvimbo dzakakura dzinosanganisira South Africa, Australia, United States, Brazil, India, nemamwe matunhu. Migodhi yeHafnium zvakare yakagoverwa muGuangxi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeChina.
Muna 1925, masayendisiti maviri kubva kuSweden neNetherlands akawana chinhu hafnium uye akagadzira simbi hafnium achishandisa fluorinated yakaoma munyu fractional crystallization nzira uye nzira yesimbi yekuderedza sodium. Hafnium ine maviri ekristaro zvimiro uye inoratidza hexagonal dense kurongedza patembiricha iri pasi pe1300 ℃（ α- Kana tembiricha iri pamusoro pe1300 ℃, inoburitsa semuviri wakatarisana ne cubic shape ( β- Equation). Hafnium inewo ma<em>isotopes matanhatu akatsiga, anoti hafnium 174, hafnium 176, hafnium 177, hafnium 178, hafnium 179, uye hafnium 180. Panyika yose, United States neFrance ndidzo dzinonyanya kugadzira metal hafnium.
Iwo makuru makomisheni e hafnium anosanganisirahafnium dioxide (HfO2), hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl4), uye hafnium hydroxide (H4HfO4). Hafnium dioxide uye hafnium tetrachloride inogona kushandiswa kugadzira simbihafnium, hafnium dioxideinogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira hafnium alloys, uye hafnium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana hafnium makomisheni. Hafnium inogona kugadzira alloys nedzimwe simbi, iyo inonyanya kumiririra iyo hafnium tantalum alloy, yakadai se pentacarbide tetratantalum uye hafnium (Ta4HfC5), iyo ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyunguduka. Kunyungudika kwepentacarbide tetratantalum uye hafnium inogona kusvika 4215 ℃, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chiri kuzivikanwa parizvino chine nzvimbo yepamusoro yekunyungudika.
Zvinoenderana ne "2022-2026 Deep Market Research uye Investment Strategy Suggestions Report paMetal Hafnium Indasitiri" yakaburitswa neXinsijie Indasitiri Research Center, simbi hafnium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira incandescent mwenje filaments, X-ray chubhu cathodes, uye processor gedhi dielectrics. ; Hafnium tungsten alloy uye hafnium molybdenum alloy inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-voltage discharge tube electrodes, nepo hafnium tantalum alloy inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinodzivirira uye simbi yemidziyo; Carbide carbide (HfC) inogona kushandiswa kune rocket nozzles uye ndege yepamberi yekudzivirira zvidimbu, nepo hafnium boride (HfB2) inogona kushandiswa seyepamusoro-tembiricha alloy; Pamusoro pezvo, simbi hafnium ine yakakura neutron absorption cross-section uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa sechinhu chekudzora uye mudziyo wekudzivirira wemaatomu reactor.
Vaongorori veindasitiri kubva kuXinsijie vakati nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo ekupikisa oxidation, corrosion resistance, high tembiricha kuramba, uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa, hafnium ine huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekushandiswa kwezasi musimbi, alloys, makomisheni, uye mamwe minda, senge zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, high-temperature resistant materials, hard alloy materials, uye zvinhu zvesimba reatomu. Nekukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri senge zvinhu zvitsva, ruzivo rwemagetsi, uye aerospace, nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzehafnium dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera, uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinogara zvichibuda. Tarisiro yebudiriro yeramangwana iri kuvimbisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-27-2023