AMitemo yakajairwa ndeyekuti kana mafuta iwayo reropa reiri, ipaporare pasindiyo vitamin yeindasitiri.
Rare pasichidimbu cheboka resimbi.Rare pasiZvinhu, Ree) akawanikwa imwe mushure meimwe kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18. Kune marudzi gumi nematanhatu emhando, kusanganisira gumi nemaviri maLantons mumapurasitoni emapepa emakemikari ezvemakemikari zvinhu-Lanthanum(LA),cerium(CE),Praseodymiyo(Pr),neodymium. Anenge makore 3-5, masayendisiti anogona kuwana mashandisiro etsamba epasi, uye mumwe kubva pane ese matanhatu zvigadzirwa hazvigone kuparadzaniswa kubvarare pasi.
China yakapfuma mukatirare pasiMaminers, chinzvimbo chekutanga mumatatu matatu: yekutanga mune zvekushandisa, accounting kweanenge 23%; Iyo yekubuditsa ndiyo yekutanga, accounting ye80% kusvika 90% yezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi rose; Vhoriyamu yekutengesa ndiyo yekutanga, ine 60% kusvika 70% yezvinhu zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, China ndiyo yega nyika inogona kugovera marudzi ese gumi nematanhatu esimbi, kunyanya svikiro uye inoremazvisingawanzo zvepanyikaNekushamwaridzana kwemauto anoshandisa.Chinoshandisirwa's Mugove unosimbisa.
RPasiIcho chiitiko chakakosha kurongeka, chinozivikanwa se "maindasitiri monosdium glutamate" uye "Amai zvinhu zvitsva", uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukucheka-tsika nesainzi uye tekinitiri yemuchato uye maindasitiri ematongerwo enyika uye neTekinitiri. Zvinoenderana noushumiri hweIndasitiri uye technology tekinoroji, zvigadzirwa zvinoshanda zvakaita serare pasiNzvimbo isingaperi yemagineti, luminescence, hydrogen chengetedzo yezvinhu zvakakwirira zvekugadzira midziyo yekugadzira, metallures.Iyo, mashini, indasitiri matsva, dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza, kurima uye zvichingodaro. .
Pakutanga kwa1983, Japan yakaunza nzira yekuchengetedza nzira yekusaverengeka zvichaitika, uye 83% yeimba yayozvisingawanzo zvepanyikaakauya achibva kuChina.
Tarisa kuUnited States zvakare,rare pasiresves ndeyechipiri chete kuChina, asi yayozvisingawanzo zvepanyikazvese zviedzazvisingawanzo zvepanyika, iyo yakakamurwa kuva inoremazvisingawanzo zvepanyikaUye Chiedza Chisingawanzo Earths. Zvinoremazvisingawanzo zvepanyikazvinodhura zvakanyanya, uye mwenje hadzitore nyika hadzina kujairika kune yangu, iyo yakashandurwa kuita nhemarare pasis nevanhu vari muindasitiri. 80% Yedurare pasiKupinza kunobva kuChina.
Comrade deng xiaoping yakamboti: "Kune mafuta ari pakati kumabvazuva uyezvisingawanzo zvepanyikakuChina. "Zvinorehwa nemazwi ake ndezvekuzviratidza. Pasi risingaoneki chete" msgrare pasiZviwanikwa, zvave zano renyika rakadaidza nevanhu vazhinji vane zvinangwa zvakakwirira mumakore achangopfuura kudzivirira kukosharare pasiZviwanikwa kubva mukusatengeswa nemeso uye zvinotumirwa kune nyika dzekumadokero. Muna 1992, deng xiaoping yakajeka mamiriro eChina seyakakurarare pasinyika.
Rondedzero yekushandiswa kwegumi nematanhatu Earth Earths
1.Lanthanuminoshandiswa mune alloy zvinhu uye mafirimu ekurima
2.Ceriuminoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari yegirazi
3 Praseodymiyoinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ceramic pigment
4.Neodymiuminoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zveAerospace
5 .promethium inopa auxileary Energy for satellite
6.6Application yeSamariumMuAtomic Energy Recentor
7EuropiumKugadzira lenses uye mvura crystal inoratidza
8.GadoliniumZvekurapa magineti ekuratidzira kufungidzira
9.Terbiuminoshandiswa muAelcrade wing reulator
10.Erbiuminoshandiswa mune laser rangefinder muzvikwata zvemauto
11.Dysprosiuminoshandiswa seyakajeka sosi yefirimu uye kudhinda
12.Holmiuminoshandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso zvekutaurirana
13.Thumiinoshandiswa kune clinical kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwemapundu
14.Ytterbiuminowedzera yekombiyuta memory element
15.Pindura yelutetiumMune esimba battery tekinoroji
16.Ytriuminoita kuti waya uye ndege yemasimba
17.Scandiuminowanzoshandiswa kuita madhiri
Iyo nhoroondo ndeyekutevera:
1
Lanthanamu(LA)
Muhondo yeGulf, husiku hwekuona usiku narare pasielementLanthanumyakava nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yeUS tangi.Zviratidzo zviri pamusoro apaLanthanum chloridepoda (mepu yedata)
Lanthanamuinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muPiezoelectric zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zveThe Electrothermal, MagnetOmesistive zvinhu, Zvivakwa zvebhuruu (Hydrogen Chengetedzo), Optical Zvinyorwa, Laser Zvinyorwa, Zvinoshamisa Zvekushandisa, Zvakawanda Zvekushandisa, EtllyLanthanamuinoshandiswawo muzvikamu zvekugadzirira kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvezvemakemikari zvigadzirwa, masayendisiti anonziLanthanum"Super calcium" kuti iite mhedzisiro pazvirimwa.
2
Cerium(CE)
Ceriuminogona kushandiswa seCatalyst, arc elelecrode uye girazi rakakosha.Cerium alloyinopesana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira jet propulsion zvikamu (mepu yedata)
(1)Cerium, segirazi remagirazi, rinogona kutora marangi ehudhu, uye anodzora zvakanyanya mumotokari mumotokari, kuti aponese magetsi emagetsi.Secory 1997, ceria yakawedzerwa kune ese girazi emagetsi muJapan. Muna 1996, angangoita 20,000 matani eCeria akashandiswa mumotokari yemotokari, uye matani anopfuura mazana mashanu eUnited States.
(2) Parizvino,ceriumiri kushandiswa mumotokari yakaneta yekunyepa yakanatswa inochenesa Kushandiswa kweCeriumMuUnited States account yeChitatu chehuwandu hwekushandisarare pasi.
. Inogona kushandiswa kune mavara epurasitiki, majasi, ink uye mapepa maindasitiri.at iripo, iyo inotungamira kambani ndeye French Rhone puranga.
(4) CE: Lisef Laser System ishandiso yakasimba-nyika laser yakagadzirwa neUnited States. Inogona kushandiswa kuona zvombo zvemabhizimusi uye mushonga nekutarisa tryptophan kusungwa.Ceriuminoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda. Zvinenge zvese zvisingawanzoitika pasi pekushandisa zvinecerium.Such sekupukuta poda, hydrogen yekuchengetedza zvinhu, thermoelectric zvinhu,ceriumtungsten electrodes, ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics,cerium Silicon carbideAbrasives, Fuel Sero Raw Zvigadzirwa, Getoline CatalyStts, zvimwe zvinhu zvisingagumi zvemagineti, dzakasiyana-siyana midziyo yezviuru uye isingafadzi.
3
Praseodymiyo(PR)
(1)Praseodymiyoinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka ceramics uye zuva nezuva-kushandisa ceramics. Inogona kusanganiswa ne ceramic glaze kuti iite ruvara rwelaze, uye inogona kushandiswawo seanoratidzira pigment. Iyo pigment iri mwenje yero ine yakachena uye yakajeka mavara.
(2) Iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira mari yekugara zvachosePraseodymiyouyeneodymium simbipachinzvimbo chakachenaNeodymium simbiKuti uite zvisingagumi zvinhu zvekugadzira, zvimiro zveokisijasi uye zvimiro zvemakina zviri pachena zvakavandudzwa, uye zvinogona kuongororwa mumagariro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana.Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi uye motors.
.PraseodymiyouyeneodymiumMuY Zeolite Molecular Sieve kuti agadzirire petroleum cracking etalyst.china akatanga kuisa mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri muma1970s, uye kushandiswa kuri kuwedzera.
(4)Praseodymiyoinogona zvakare kushandiswa kupaza PliplaivePraseodymiyoinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wetsiva wedenga.
4
Neodymium(ND)
Nei m1 tangi inogona kuwanikwa yekutanga? Iyo tangi yakagadzirirwa neNN: YAG Laser Rangefinder, iyo inogona kusvika huwandu hwemamita 4000 mune yakajeka zuva (mepu yedata)
Nekuzvarwa kwaPraseodymiyo,neodymiumakauya achiuya. Kusvika kweNeodymium activated therare pasimunda, wakaita basa rakakosha mumunda wakaderera wepasi pasi, uye unopesvedzerarare pasimusika.
Neodymiumyave nzvimbo inopisa mumusika kwemakore akawanda nekuda kwenzvimbo yakasarudzika mumunda wezvisingawanzo zvepanyika.Mushandisi mukuru weneodymium simbiIs ndfeb zvachose magnet zvinyorwa. Kuuya kweNDFEB magnets zvachose akaisa simba matsva simba mune risingawanzo nyika yepamusoro-tech shamba. Ndfeb Magnet inonzi "mambo weGwenzvimbo Chisingaperi Magnets" nekuda kweiyo magineti yakakwira emagetsi Kubudirira Kubudirira kweAlpha Magnetic Spectrometer Inoratidza kuti Magineti Zvivakwa zveNDIFEB Magneti muChina zvakapinda muyero wenyika.Neodymium is zvakare inoshandiswa mune isina-ferrous zvinhu. Kuwedzera 1.5-2.5% neodymium muMagnesium kana Aluminium Alloy inogona kuvandudza pabasa rakanyanya kupisa, mhepo yakasimba uye kupokana kweiyo learloy.wiliss inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, neodymium-Didy Yttrium Garnet inoburitsa pfupi-wave laser beam Mukurapa kurapwa, ND: YAG LASS inoshandiswa kubvisa kuvhiya kana kurasa maronda pane scalpel.Neodymiuminoshandiswawo kune goridhe girazi uye ceramic zvinhu uye sekuwedzera kwezvigadzirwa rabha.
5
Promethium (PM)
Promethium chinhu chekugadzira oneactive element yakagadzirwa neNuclear Entertors (data mepu)
(1) inogona kushandiswa seinopisa sosi. Ipa simba rebetsero yevacuum kuona uye yekugadzira satellite.
(2) pm147 inoburitsa yakaderera-simba β-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira cymal mabhatiri. Sezvo simba remagetsi rezviridzwa zvinotungamira nhungamiro uye wachi. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri idiki muhukuru uye inogona kushandiswa zvichiramba kwemakore akati wandei. Uyezve, prethium inoshandiswawo mune inotakurika X- chiridzwa, kugadzirira phosshor, chiyero chakakora uye mwenje weBeacon.
6
Samarium(SM)
Simbi samarium(mepu yedata)
SmIcho chiedza chellow, uye iri mbichana yeiyo sm-co zvachose magnet, uye sm-co Magnet ndiyo yekutanga kusingagumi pasi semagnet inoshandiswa muindasitiri. Kune marudzi maviri emagineti echigarire: smco5 system uye sm2co11 system. Mukutanga kwa1970s, iyo SmCo5 System yakagadzirwa, uye iyo Sm2co114 system yakagadzirwa munguva inotevera. Ikozvino kudikanwa kwekupedzisira kunopihwa pakutanga. Kuchena kweSamarium oxideinoshandiswa mukatiSamariumCobalt Magineti haifanire kunge yakanyanya. Kufunga nezve mutengo, kunyanya kushandisa anenge 95% yezvigadzirwa. Pamusoro pe,Samarium oxideinoshandiswawo mune ceramic capacitors uye catalysts. Pamusoro pe,Samariumine zvivakwa zvenyukireya, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvakarongeka, zvishandiso zvekudzivirira uye zvekudzora zvinhu zveatomi simba reatomi, kuitira kuti simba rakakura rinogadzirwa nemisipa yenyukireya inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka.
7
Europium(EU)
Europuum Oxidepoda (mepu yedata)
Europuum Oxideinonyanya kushandiswa kune phosphors (mepu yedata)
Muna 1901, Eugene-AntleleMarCay akawana chinhu chitsva kubva "Samarium", anonziEuropium. Izvi zvimwe zvinonzi izwi mushure mekunge izwi reEurope.Europuum Oxideinonyanya kushandiswa kune fluorescent poda. EU3 + inoshandiswa semutambi weRed phosphor, uye EU2 + inoshandiswa sebhuruu phosphor. Iye zvino Y2O2s: EU3 + ndiyo yakanakisa phominous yekubudirira, inokwereta kugadzikana uye kudzokorodza mutengo.in kuchinjiswa, iko kushandisirwa kwazvinoita tekinoroji sekuvandudza kushanda kwehunyanzvi uye kusiyana.Europuum Oxidezvakare yakashandiswa sezvakakurudzirwa emission phosphor yeiyo itsva X-ray yekurapa maitiro emakore mumakore apfuura.Europuum OxideInogona zvakare kushandiswa kuti igadzire mavara uye mafirita ekugadzira, yezvemagineti ekuchengetedza midziyo yekuchengetedza, inogona zvakare kuratidza matarenda ayo mune zvekutonga zvinhu, zvishandiso zvekuvhara uye zvigadzirwa zvevaridzi zveatomu vanoita.
8
Gadolinium(GD)
GadoliniumUye isoTopes yayo ndiyo inonyanya kushanda neutroni inobata uye inogona kushandiswa sevanotarisira venyukireya. (mepu yedata)
(1.
(2.
(3)Gadolinium in GadoliniumGallium Garnet ndiyo yakakodzera substrate yeBubble ndangariro.
.
.
(6) inoshandiswa seyakawedzera yeSamariumCobalt Magineti kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuita hakuchinje nekushisa.
9
Terbium(TB)
Terbium oxidepoda (mepu yedata)
Kushandiswa kweterbiumKunyanya kusanganisa iyo yakakwirira-tech munda, iyo yekucheka chirongwa neTekinoroji-yakanyanya uye ruzivo-rwakanyanya, pamwe nechirongwa chine makomborero ehupfumi anoshamisa, aine tarisiro inokwezva yehupfumi.
.terbium-Aaacaivated cerium-magnesium aluminate matrix, izvo zvese zvinobuda zvakasvibirira zvakasvibirira mumamiriro anofara.
(2) Magneto-Optical Kuchengetedza Zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, Terbium Magnets-Optical zvinhu zvasvika pachiyero chekugadzira misa. Magnets-Optical discs yakagadzirwa neTB-Fe Amorphous mafirimu anoshandiswa sekombiyuta zvinhu zvekuchengetedza, uye kugona kwekuchengetedza kunowedzera ne 10 ~ ka15 times.
(3) Magneto-Optical Girazi,terbium-Containing faraday rotiratory girazi ndiyo yakakosha yezvinhu zvekugadzira rotators Kunyanya, kukura kwetatu kwakavhura chishandiso chitsva chetsiva, icho chinhu chitsva chakawanikwa muna1970s. Hafu yeiyi alloy ineterbiumuyeDysprosium, dzimwe nguva naHolmiumUye vamwe vakasara isimbi.Vakakurisa vakatanga kugadzirwa neAmes laboratori muIowa, USA. Kana terfenol ichiiswa mumunda wemagineti, saizi yayo inoshanduka kupfuura iyo yezvinhu zvakajairika zvemagineti, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvimwe zvinyore zvekufambisa zvinogoneka zvinogoneka. Terbium Dysprosium Iron inonyanya kushandiswa muSonar pakutanga, uye yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda payo.
10
Dysprosium(DY)
Dysprosium(mepu yedata)
.DysprosiumKune iyi magmeti inogona kuvandudza simba rayo rekumanikidza. Munguva yakapfuura, kudiwa kweDysprosiumYakanga isiri yakakura, asi nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kweNDFEB magneti, uye giredhi rinofanira kunge rave kuita anenge 95 ~ 99.9%, uye chikumbiro chakawedzera nekukurumidza.
(2)Dysprosiuminoshandiswa semutongi we phosphor. TrevalentDysprosiumIko kuvimbisa kusimudzira ion ye tricolor luminescent zvinhu neimwe luminescent nzvimbo. Izvo zvinonyanya kuve nemabhendi maviri emisangano, imwe ndeye yero yeLex yechiedza, imwe ndeye bhuruu yechiedza. Iyo Luminincent zvinhu zvakanyorwa naDysprosiuminogona kushandiswa se tricolor phosphors.
(3)DysprosiumIcho chinhu chinodiwa chesimbi cheki chekugadzirira terfenol alloy muMagnetStricks Alloy, iyo inogona kuziva zviitiko zvakanyatsoitika mukufamba kwemuchina.
(4)Dysprosium simbiInogona kushandiswa seMagineti-Optical yekuchengetedza zvinhu zvine yakakwira kurekodha kumhanya uye kuverenga kunzwa.
(5) inoshandiswa mukugadzirira kweDysprosiummarambi, chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa mukatiDysprosiumMwenje ndeye dysprosium iodide, iyo ine zvakanakira kupenya kwakanyanya, ruvara rwakanaka, size yakakwira, size, yakagadzikana arc uye zvichishandiswa semwenje,
(6)Dysprosiuminoshandiswa kuyera neutron Entertrum kana sezvo neutron inobata muAtomi Indasitiri Indasitiri nekuda kweiyo yakakura neutron inobata nzvimbo yekuyambuka-chikamu.
. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, iyo masisitiri minda yeDysprosiumichave ichiramba ichiwedzera uye ichambanudzwa.
11
Holmium(Ho)
Ho-Fe Alloy(mepu yedata)
Parizvino, munda wekushandisa weSimbi unofanirwa kuenderera mberi, uye kunwa hakuna kukura zvakanyanya. Nguva pfupi yadarika, iyoRare pasiTsvagiridzo Institute of Baotou Steel yakawana tembiricha yakakwira uye yakakwira vacuum distiflation tekinoroji, uye yakagadzirwa yakanyanya yekuchenesa simbi qin Ho /> re> 99.9% ine yakaderera zvemukati mevhurare pasiKusvibiswa.
Parizvino, mashandiro makuru emakiyi ndeaya:
(1) seyakawedzera yerudzizvisingawanzoita vearh malides. Parizvino, nyika isingawanzo iodides inonyanya kushandiswa, iyo inobvisa mitsara yakasiyana yekutaura kana gasi rinoburitsa. Chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa mumwenje yesimbi ndeyekuti qinidide, yepamusoro sosi yemasimbi maatomu inogona kuwanikwa muArc nzvimbo, nokudaro ichivandudza kwazvo radiation yekubudirira.
(2) iron inogona kushandiswa seyakawedzera yekurekodha iron kana bhiriyoni aluminium garnet
(3. Naizvozvo, kana uchishandisa ho: yg laser yekurapa kushanda, haigone kungogadzirisa kushanda kwekushanda uye kurongeka, asi zvakare kuderedza iyo inokanganisa nzvimbo yekukuvara kune size idiki. Bhegi remahara rinogadzirwa nekukanda kristaro kunogona kuunza mafuta ekupisa pasina kudzikisira kwematanda ekuvhiya.
.
.
12
Erbium(ER)
Erbium oxidepoda (ruzivo ruzivo)
. Mushure mekufara ne 980nm uye 1480nm Chiedza, iyo bait ion (er3 + Quartz fiber inogona kuendesa mwenje wetsetse mwaka wetsvina Dzorera kurasikirwa mugadziriro yekutaurirana zvichienderana neye laser inoshandiswa netiweki iyo inoda kukurudzira iyo 1550nm Optical chiratidzo, iyo bait yakarongedzwa fiber amplifier chinhu chakakosha chinhu chishandiso chakakosha. Parizvino, iyo bait yakarova Silica Fiber.St CommerIdililified.SEXCATE FIBER YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA FIENCAL YEMAHARA.
. Iyo yakagadzirwa mune inotakurika laser rangender iyo yakachengeteka nemeso emunhu mukushandiswa kwemauto.
(3) (3.
(4) er3 + inogona kushandiswawo seyinoshanda ion inrare pasiUpConversion laser zvinhu.
.
13
Thumi(Tm)
Mushure mekuputirwa mune nyukireya.thumiinoburitsa iyo isope inogona kusimbisa X-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa X-ray Source (mepu yedata)
(1)Thumiinoshandiswa seye ray sosi yemuchina unotakurika X-ray. Mushure mekunge atsanuka muNuclear Repentor, TM inoburitsa mhando ye istope iyo inogona kusundira x-ray, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti reropa rinotakurika. Rudzi urwu rwe radiometer inogona kuchinja YU-169 muTM-170 pasi pechiitiko chakakwira uye chepakati chidimbu, uye Radiate X-ray kune iyo Whatrandiate Ropa uye kuderedza machena eropa. Iyi ndiyo tambo chena dzeropa dzinokonzeresa kuramba kutapurirana nhengo, kuitira kuti uderedze kurambwa kwekutanga kwemitezo yemitezo.
(2) (2)Thumiinogona zvakare kushandiswa muClinisisrare pasi, kunyanya kubatana kweYU ndiyo yakakura.
(3).
.
(5).
14
Ytterbium(Yb)
Ytterbium simbi(mepu yedata)
.
(2) Sezvinoratidzwa nemagineti.
(3) girazi chinhu chinoshandiswa pakumanikidza kuyerwa. Kuedza kunoratidza kuti kunzwira tsitsi kwegirazi chinhu chakakwira mukumanikidza kumanikidzwa kwemhando, iyo inovhura nzira itsva yekushandiswa kwegirazi mukumanikidza kuyerwa.
.
. Pamusoro pezvo, girazi rinoshandiswawo kune fluorescent poda activator, redhiyo cereracs, magineti yeBubble) diagle fiber flux uye expical girazi anoshongedza, nezvimwe.
15
Lutetium(Lu)
Lutetium oxidepoda (mepu yedata)
Yttrium Lutetium Silteum Crystal (Mepu yedata)
(1) ita zvimwe zvinokosha alloys. Semuenzaniso, Lutetium Aluminium Alloy inogona kushandiswa kune neutron activation ongororo.
(2) StablelutetiumNuclides inoridza basa reChionaltic muPetroleum Kupararira, Alkylation, Hydrogenation uye Polymerization.
(3) Kuwedzerwa kweYttrium iron kana yttrium aluminium garnet inogona kugadzirisa zvimwe zvivakwa.
(4) Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa zvemagineti bubble resvoir.
(5. Kuedza kunoratidza kuti lutetium-diped nyab crystal yakakwirira kune nyab crystal muOptical kusafanana uye laser performance.
(6) yakawanikwa kutilutetiumine zvingangoita zvekushandisa muElectrochromic kuratidza uye yakaderera-dimensional molecular semiconductors. Pamusoro pe,lutetiuminoshandiswawo mune simba bhatiri tekinoroji uye activator ye poshor.
16
Ytrium(y)
Ytriuminoshandiswa zvakanyanya, ytttrium aluminium garnet inogona kushandiswa seyenzvimbo yeSerse, Yttrrium Garnet tekinoroji uye Acoustic Energy kuendesa, uye Eurped Yttrium Vanadate uye Eurpium-DopedYttrium oxideanoshandiswa sePhosphors yerudzi rwe tv seti. (mepu yedata)
(1) vanowedzera esimbi uye vasiri-ferrous alloys. Fecr Alloy kazhinji ine 0.5-4%ytrium, iyo inogona kuwedzera iyo oxidation kuramba uye ducility yeizvi simbi isina tsvina; Izvo zvakazara zvivakwa zveMB26 Alloy zviri pachena zvakagadziridzwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hweYttrium-rakapfuma musanganiswarare pasi, iyo inogona kutsiva imwe yepakati-yakasimba aluminium alloys uye kushandiswa mune yakasimbiswa zvikamu zve ndege. Kuwedzera chidiki chidiki cheYttrium-pfumarare pasiMuAl-zr Alloy, vafambi veiyo huwandu hunogona kuvandudzwa; Iyo Alloy yakatorwa neakanyanya waya mafekitori muChina. Kuwedzera yttrium mumhangura alloy inovandudza kufambidzana uye nemakaniki simba.
(2) silicon nitride ceramic zvinhu zvine 6%ytriumuye 2% aluminium inogona kushandiswa kukudziridza injini zvikamu.
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(5) yakakwiraytriumKuumbwa Alloy kune 90% Yttrium inogona kushandiswa muAviation uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoda kuderera density uye yakakwira yekunyungudika.
. Pamusoro pe,ytriuminoshandiswawo seyakanyanya kupisa-tembiricha yekupomera, iyo dhidi yeAtomi reatomu anowedzera, inowedzera yezvinhu zvisingaperi zvemagineti zvinhu, uye getter muindasitiri yemagetsi.
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Scandium(SC)
Scandium scandium(mepu yedata)
Kuenzaniswa neYttrium uye LAnhanide zvinhu, Scandium ine kunyanya diki ionic radius uye inonyanya kusimba alkalinity ye hydalinity ye hydroxide. Saka, riinhiScandiumuye zvinhu zvisingawanzo kusanganiswa pamwe chete,Scandiuminoda kutanga yatanga kurapwa neAmmonia (kana yakanyanyisa kuda alkali), saka inogona kuparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubvarare pasizvinhu nenzira ye "franscipitation yekunyepedzera". Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa iyo polarization yekuita kwetrate yekuparadzanisa.scandium nitrate ndiyo iri nyore kupatsanura, nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuparadzaniswa.
Svira inogona kuwanikwa nemagetsi.Scl3, KCL naLicl vari co-yakanyungudutswa panguva yekunyungudika kunatswa, uye iyo molden zinc inoshandiswa sekathede yekati yeagetsi, kutiScandiumyakarongedzwa pane zinc elecrode, uyezve zinc yakacherwa kuti iwaneScandium. Pamusoro pe,Scandiuminovharwa nyore nyore kana kugadzirisa ore kuburitsa uranium, trorium uye lanthanide zvinhu. Kudzoreredza kudzoreredza kwekubatanaScandiumkubva tungsten uye tin ore zvakare imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zveScandium.Scandiuminonyanya kuve mune travalent mamiriro mune iyo compound, iyo iri nyore oxidized mukatiSC2O3Mumhepo uye inorasikirwa nesimbi yakasimba uye inoshanduka kuita grey grey.
Mashandisirwo makuru eScandiumnde:
(1)ScandiumInogona kuita nemvura inopisa kuti isunungure hydrogen, uye zvakare yakanangana neAcid, saka mumiririri akaderera akasimba.
(2)Scandium oxideuye hydroxide inongova alkaline chete, asi munyu wayo ashinganyatsogona kuve hydrolyzed. Scandium chloride ine chena crystal, nyarara mumvura uye nemaune mumhepo.
(3) muindasitiri yesallurgical,Scandiuminowanzoshandiswa kuita kuti maAllys (anowedzera emigodhi) kuti agadzirise simba, kuomesa, kupisa kupokana uye kuita kweanoda. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera diki yeScandiumkune simbi yakanyungudutswa inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya zvivakwa zvekukanda simbi, uchiwedzera chidiki chidiki cheScandiumkuAluminium inogona kuvandudza simba rayo uye kupisa kupisa.
(4) Muindasitiri yemagetsi,Scandiuminogona kushandiswa semidziyo dzakasiyana siyana semiconductor. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwescandium sulfa mumakiromisi kwakakwezva kutarisisa kumba uye kunze kwenyika, uye ferrite ineScandiumiri zvakare inovimbisa mumagariro emagariro emakomputa.
(5) mune indasitiri yemakemikari,ScandiumCompound inoshandiswa seyedhaka yekushomeka uye kushomeka kwemazwi, iyo inobatsira inopa mari yekugadzirwa kweiyo ethylene uye chlorine kubva kumarara hydrochloric acid acid.
(6) muindasitiri yegirazi, magirazi akakosha aneScandiuminogona kugadzirwa.
(7) mune yemagetsi yechigadzirwa sosi indasitiri,Scandiumuye sodium marambi akagadzirwaScandiumUye sodium ine zvakanakira kugona kwakanyanya uye kureruka kwakanaka.
(8)Scandiumiripo muchimiro che45sc mune zvakasikwa. Mukuwedzera, kune mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe radioactive isotoes yeScandium, zita 40 ~ 44Sc uye 46 ~ 49sc. Pakati pavo, 46Sc, se trani, yakashandiswa muindasitiri yemakemikari, metallurgy uye Oceanography. Mune mushonga, kune vanhu kunze kwenyika vanodzidza vachishandisa 46Sc kubata cancer.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-09-2021