Praseodymium oxide,molecular formulaPr6O11, molecular uremu 1021.44.
Inogona kushandiswa mugirazi, simbi, uye sekuwedzera kune fluorescent poda. Praseodymium oxide chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvakakosha muchiedzazvigadzirwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muminda senge ceramics, girazi, isingawanzo pasi isingaperi magineti, isingawanzo kutsemuka ivhu rinoputika, isingawanzo kupenya ivhu porizha, zviyo zvekukuya, uye zvinowedzera, zvine tarisiro inovimbisa.
Kubva kuma1990, tekinoroji yekugadzira yeChina nemidziyo yepraseodymium oxide yakaita kuvandudzwa kwakakura nekuvandudza, nekukurumidza chigadzirwa uye kukura kwekubuda. Haisi chete inogona kusangana nehuwandu hwekushandisa mudzimba uye zvinodiwa pamusika, asi kune zvakare huwandu hwakati wandei hwekutengesa kunze. Naizvozvo, tekinoroji yekugadzira yeChina ikozvino, zvigadzirwa uye kubuda kwepraseodymium oxide, pamwe nekudiwa kwekupihwa kumisika yepamba nekune dzimwe nyika, zviri pakati pepamusoro muindasitiri imwechete munyika.
Properties
Upfu dema, density 6.88g/cm3, kunyungudika 2042 ℃, kubikira poindi 3760 ℃. Haina kunyungudika mumvura, inonyungudika muasidhi kugadzira trivalent munyu. Good conductivity.
Synthesis
1. Kemikari yekuparadzanisa nzira. Inosanganisira fractional crystallization method, fractional precipitation method uye oxidation nzira. Iyo yekutanga inopatsanurwa zvichienderana nemusiyano mukunyungudika kwekristaro yeasingawanzo pasi nitrate. Kupatsanurwa kunoenderana neyakasiyana yekunaya kwemvura zvigadzirwa zveasingawanzo pasi sulfate yakaoma munyu. Iyo yekupedzisira inopatsanurwa zvichienderana neiyo oxidation ye trivalent Pr3+ kune tetravalent Pr4+. Idzi nzira nhatu hadzisati dzashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekuda kweiyo yakaderera isingawanzo kudzoreredza pasi, maitiro akaomarara, mashandiro akaomarara, kuderera kuburitsa, uye kudhura kwakanyanya.
2. Nzira yekuparadzanisa. Kusanganisira kuomarara kudhirowa kuparadzanisa nzira uye saponification P-507 yekubvisa yekuparadzanisa nzira. Yekutanga inoshandisa yakaoma extrusion DYPA neN-263 extractants kubvisa uye kupatsanura praseodymium kubva kune nitric acid system yepraseodymium neodymium enrichment, zvichiita kuti pave nePr6O11 99% goho re98%. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakaoma maitiro, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweanoomesera vamiririri, uye mitengo yakakwira yechigadzirwa, haisati yashandiswa mukugadzira maindasitiri. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira ane kudhirowa kwakanaka uye kupatsanurwa kwepraseodymium neP-507, ese ari maviri akashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushanda kwepamusoro kweP-507 kubudiswa kwepraseodymium uye kurasikirwa kukuru kweP-204, nzira yeP-507 yekubvisa uye yekuparadzanisa ikozvino inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
3. Iyo ion yekutsinhana nzira haiwanzo shandiswa mukugadzirwa nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwenguva refu, kunetsa kushanda, uye goho rakaderera, asi chigadzirwa kuchena Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, goho ≥ 85%, uye kuburitsa pachikamu chemidziyo yakaderera.
1) Kugadzirwa kwe praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa uchishandisa ion shanduko nzira: kushandisa praseodymium neodymium enriched compounds (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 seyakagadzirwa. Iyo inogadzirirwa kuita mhinduro yekudyisa (Pr, Nd) Cl3 uye yakarongedzerwa mune adsorption column kuti adsorb akaguta zvisingawanzo pasi. Kana iyo yekumisikidzwa kweinouya yekudyisa mhinduro yakafanana neyekubuda kwemukati, iyo adsorption yenyika isingawanzo inopedzwa uye kumirira inotevera nzira yekushandisa. Mushure mekurodha koramu mu cationic resin, CuSO4-H2SO4 mhinduro inoshandiswa kuyerera mukoramu kugadzirira Cu H + isingawanzo kupatsanurwa pasi pasi kuti ishandiswe. Mushure mekubatanidza imwe adsorption column uye matatu ekupatsanura makoramu munhevedzano, shandisa EDT A (0 015M) Inoyerera ichibva mukati meiyo yekutanga adsorption column yekuparadzanisa elution (leaching rate 1 2cm/min). Kana neodymium inotanga kubuda kunze kwe mutsara wechitatu wekuparadzanisa panguva yekuparadzanisa, inogona kuunganidzwa neanogamuchira uye inorapwa nemakemikari kuti iwane Nd2O3 byproduct Mushure mokunge neodymium iri mumutsara wekuparadzanisa yakaparadzaniswa, yakachena PrCl3 mhinduro inounganidzwa pakubuda kwekoramu yekuparadzanisa uye inogadziriswa kurapwa kwemakemikari. kubudisa Pr6O11 chigadzirwa. Nzira huru ndeyotevera: zvinhu zvakasvibirira → kugadzirira kwechikafu chekudya → kushambadza kwepasi risingawanzoitiki pane adsorption column → kubatanidzwa kwekoramu yekuparadzanisa → leaching separation → kuunganidza yakachena praseodymium mhinduro → oxalic acid precipitation → kuona → kurongedza.
2) Kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zve praseodymium oxide uchishandisa nzira yeP-204 yekubvisa: kushandisa lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 sechinhu chakasvibiswa. Sanganisa zvinhu zvakasvibirira kuita mvura, saponify P-204, woisa parafini kugadzira mushonga wekubvisa. Kuparadzanisa mvura yekudyisa kubva kune yakabviswa praseodymium mune yakasanganiswa yekujekesa yekubvisa tank. Zvadaro geza tsvina muchikamu cheorganic, uye shandisa HCl kutora praseodymium kuti uwane yakachena PrCl3 mhinduro. Precipitate ne oxalic acid, calcine, uye package kuti uwane praseodymium oxide chigadzirwa. Maitiro makuru ndeaya anotevera: mbishi zvinhu → kugadzirira kwekudya mhinduro → P-204 kudhirowa kwepraseodymium → kugeza → pasi asidhi kubviswa praseodymium → pure PrCl3 mhinduro → oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → kuedza → kurongedza (praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa).
3) Kugadzirwa kwe praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeP507 yekubvisa: Kushandisa cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) Cl3 yakawanikwa kubva kumaodzanyemba ionic isingawanzoitiki pasi concentrate as raw material (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide ≥ 75%). Mushure mokubvisa praseodymium nemhinduro yakagadzirwa yekudya uye P507 inobudisa mutangi rekuchera, tsvina muchikamu chehupenyu inoshambidzwa neHCl. Pakupedzisira, praseodymium inodzoswa neHCl kuti iwane mhinduro yakachena yePrCl3. Kunaya kwepraseodymium ine oxalic acid, calcination, uye kurongedza goho praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa. Maitiro makuru ndeaya anotevera: mbishi → kugadzirira kwechikafu chekudya → kubviswa kwepraseodymium neP-507 → tsvina yekugezesa → kudzoreredza kubviswa kwepraseodymium → pure PrCl3 mhinduro → oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → kuwanikwa → kurongedza (praseodymium products).
4) Kugadzirwa kwe praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeP507 yekubvisa: The lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 yakawanikwa kubva pakugadzirisa Sichuan rare earth concentrate inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide 8.05%), uye iyo is 8.05%), yakagadzirirwa mumvura yekudyisa. Praseodymium inobva yatorwa ne saponified P507 extraction agent mutangi rekubvisa, uye tsvina iri mu organic phase inobviswa neHCl washing. Zvadaro, HCl yakashandiswa kudzorera kumashure kwepraseodymium kuwana mhinduro yakachena yePrCl3. Praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa nekunamisa praseodymium ine oxalic acid, calcining, uye kurongedza. Nzira huru ndeiyi: mbishi → ingredient solution → P-507 kubudiswa kwepraseodymium → tsvina yekugezesa → kudzosera kumashure kubviswa kwepraseodymium → pure PrCl3 mhinduro → oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → kuedza → kurongedza (praseodymium oxide zvigadzirwa).
Parizvino, tekinoroji huru yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zve praseodymium oxide muChina ndiyo nzira yeP507 yekubvisa uchishandisa hydrochloric acid system, iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri eakasiyana-siyana asingawanzo pasi oxides uye yave yepamberi kugadzira tekinoroji mune imwecheteyo. indasitiri pasi rese, iri pakati pepamusoro.
Application
1. Kushandisa mugirazi repasi risingawanzo
Mushure mekuwedzera zvisingawanzo pasi oxides kune akasiyana magirazi egirazi, mavara akasiyana emagirazi epasi asingawanzo kugadzirwa, akadai segirinhi girazi, laser girazi, magneto optical, uye fiber optic girazi, uye mashandisiro avo ari kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Mushure mekuwedzera praseodymium oxide kugirazi, girazi rine ruvara rwegirini rinogona kugadzirwa, iro rine hunyanzvi hwemhando yepamusoro uye rinogona kutevedzera matombo anokosha. Girazi remhando iyi rinotaridzika rakasvibira kana rakavhenekerwa nechiedza chezuva, asi rinenge risina ruvara pasi pemwenje wekenduru. Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira matombo anokosha emanyepo uye kushongedzwa kwakakosha, nemavara anoyevedza uye hunhu hunoyemurika.
2. Kushandiswa mune zvisingawanzo pasi ceramics
Rare Earth oxides inogona kushandiswa sezvinowedzera mumakeramiki kugadzira akawanda asingawanzo epasi ceramics nekuita zvirinani. Iyo isingawanzo pasi yakanaka ceramics pakati pavo inomiririra. Inoshandisa yakanyatsosarudzwa zvigadzirwa uye inotora nyore kudzora maitiro uye maitiro ekugadzirisa, ayo anogona kunyatso kudzora kuumbwa kweceramics. Inogona kukamurwa kuva mhando mbiri: inoshanda ceramics uye yakakwirira-tembiricha structural ceramics. Mushure mekuwedzera isingawanzo pasi oxides, ivo vanogona kuvandudza sintering, density, microstructure, uye chikamu kuumbwa kwekeramics kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwakasiyana. Iyo ceramic glaze yakagadzirwa ne praseodymium oxide semuvara haina kukanganiswa nemhepo mukati mechoto, ine yakagadzikana kutaridzika kwemavara, inopenya glaze pamusoro, inogona kuvandudza chimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari zvinhu, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kunaka kwekeramics, kuwedzera mavara akasiyana, uye kuderedza mari. Mushure mekuwedzera praseodymium oxide kune ceramic pigments uye glazes, isingawanzo pasi praseodymium yero, praseodymium girini, underglaze dzvuku pigment uye white ghost glaze, yenzou yellow glaze, apple green porcelain, nezvimwe. Rudzi urwu rwekugadzira porcelain ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, iyo inozivikanwa kunze kwenyika. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakakodzera, kushandiswa kwepasi rose kwepraseodymium neodymium mumakeramiki kunodarika chiuru chetani, uye zvakare mushandisi mukuru wepraseodymium oxide. Zvinotarisirwa kuti pachava nebudiriro huru mune ramangwana.
3. Kushandisa mune zvisingawanzo pasi magineti echigarire
Iyo yakanyanya magineti simba chigadzirwa (BH) ye (Pr, Sm) Co5 zvachose magineti m=27MG θ e (216K J/m3). Uye iyo (BH) m yePrFeB i40MG θ E (320K J/m3). Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwePr kwakagadzirwa magineti echigarire kuchine zvingangoita mashandisirwo mune ese maindasitiri nemaindasitiri ehurumende.
4. Kushandisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo kugadzira corundum grinding mavhiri.
Pahwaro hwewhite corundum, kuwedzera nezve 0.25% praseodymium neodymium oxide inogona kuita isingawanzo pasi corundum inokuya mavhiri, ichivandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwavo kukuya. Wedzera chiyero chekukuya ne30% kusvika 100%, uye kaviri hupenyu hwesevhisi. Praseodymium oxide ine yakanaka yekupolisha zvivakwa zvezvimwe zvinhu, saka inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekupolisha pamabasa ekupukuta. Iine inenge 7.5% praseodymium oxide mucerium based polishing powder uye inonyanya kushandiswa kupukuta magirazi emaziso, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, girazi rakatsetseka, uye machubhu eterevhizheni. Iyo polishing mhedzisiro yakanaka uye vhoriyamu yekushandisa yakakura, iyo yave iyo huru yekupukuta hupfu muChina parizvino. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwepetroleum cracking catalysts kunogona kuvandudza catalytic basa, uye inogona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kwesimbi, kuchenesa simbi yakanyungudutswa, nezvimwewo. chimiro chimwe chete chepraseodymium oxide. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvichaenderera mberi mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: May-26-2023