Nanotechnology inzvimbo iri kusimukira yekudyidzana yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukupera kwema1980 uye kutanga kwema1990. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwekugadzira maitiro matsva ekugadzira, zvigadzirwa, uye zvigadzirwa, zvinokonzeresa shanduko nyowani yemaindasitiri muzana ramakore idzva. Iyo yazvino danho rekuvandudza nanoscience uye nanotechnology yakafanana neyekombuta uye ruzivo tekinoroji muma1950s. Mazhinji masayendisiti akazvipira kundima iyi anotarisira kuti kusimukira kwenanotechnology kuchave nekukanganisa kwakakura uye kwakadzama pazvinhu zvakawanda zvetekinoroji. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti ine zvinoshamisa zvimiro uye yakasarudzika zvivakwa, uye iyo huru yekumisikidza mhedzisiro inotungamira kune zvinoshamisa zvimiro zve nano.rare pasizvinhu zvinosanganisira chaiyo yepamusoro mhedzisiro, diki saizi maitiro, interface mhedzisiro, pachena mhedzisiro, tunneling maitiro, uye macroscopic quantum athari. Izvi zvinoita kuti humiro hwenano masisitimu hwakasiyana kubva kune zvakajairwa zvinhu, sechiedza, magetsi, kupisa, uye magineti, zvichikonzera akawanda maficha maficha. Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekuti masayendisiti emangwana atsvage nekuvandudza nanotechnology: kugadzirira uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro-performance nanomaterials; Dhizaina uye gadzirira akasiyana nano zvishandiso nemidziyo; Wona uye ongorora zvimiro zvenano matunhu. Parizvino, pane kunyanya mamwe maitiro ekushandisa nanorare pasis, uye kushandiswa kweramangwana kwe nanorare earthsinoda kuvandudzwa.
Nano lanthanum oxideinoshandiswa kumidziyo yepiezoelectric, electrothermal materials, thermoelectric materials, magnetoresistive materials, luminescent materials (blue powder) hydrogen storage materials, optical glass, laser materials, akasiyana alloy materials, catalysts kugadzirira organic chemical products, and catalysts for neutralizing exhaust yemotokari. Chiedza chekushandura mafirimu ekurima anoshandiswawo kunenano lanthanum oxide.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano ceriasanganisira: 1. Sekuwedzera kwegirazi,nano ceriainogona kutora ultraviolet uye infrared mwaranzi uye yakaiswa kune mota girazi. Haisi chete inogona kudzivirira ultraviolet mwaranzi, asi inogona zvakare kuderedza tembiricha mukati memotokari, nekudaro kuchengetedza magetsi emhepo yekufemesa. 2. Kushandiswa kwenano cerium oxidemumotokari exhaust yekuchenesa macatalysts anogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira huwandu hukuru hwemotokari epoust gasi kubva pakuburitswa mumhepo. 3.Nano cerium oxideinogona kuiswa kune pigment kumapurasitiki emavara uye inogonawo kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semapeji, ingi, uye mapepa. 4. Kushandiswa kwenano ceriamuzvinhu zvekupelisha zvave zvichizivikanwa zvakanyanya seyakanyanya-chaiyo chinodiwa chekupukuta silicon wafers nesafire imwe chete crystal substrates. 5. Mukuwedzera,nano ceriainogona zvakare kuiswa kune hydrogen kuchengetedza zvinhu, thermoelectric zvinhu,nano ceriatungsten electrodes, ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics,nano ceria silicon carbidemabrasives, fuel cell raw materials, peturu catalysts, zvimwe zvisingaperi zvemagineti, simbi dzakasiyana-siyana, uye simbi dzisina ferrous.
NanometerPraseodymium oxide (Pr6O11)
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano praseodymium oxidezvinosanganisira: 1. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka zvidhori uye marara ezuva nezuva. Inogona kusanganiswa neceramic glaze kuita ruvara glaze, kana inogona kushandiswa se underglaze pigment chete. Iyo pigment inogadzirwa ndeyero yero, ine yakachena uye inoyevedza toni yeruvara. 2. Inoshandiswa kugadzira magineti echigarire, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi uye mota. 3. Inoshandiswa petroleum catalytic cracking, inogona kuvandudza catalytic chiitiko, selectivity, uye kugadzikana. 4.Nano praseodymium oxideinogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira abrasive polishing. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwenano praseodymium oxidemumunda we optical fibers iri kuwedzerawo kupararira.
Nanometer neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)
Nanometer neodymium oxideelement yave nyaya inopisa yekutariswa kwemusika kwemakore mazhinji nekuda kwechinzvimbo chayo chakasiyana murare pasimunda.Nanometer neodymium oxideinoshandiswawo kune zvisiri-ferrous metal materials. Kuwedzera 1.5% kusvika 2.5%nano neodymium oxidekune magnesium kana aruminiyamu alloys inogona kuvandudza yakanyanya-tembiricha mashandiro, airtightness, uye corrosion resistance yealloy, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chemuchadenga. Mukuwedzera, nano yttrium aluminium garnet yakagadzirwa nenano neodymium oxidee inogadzira short wave laser matanda, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yewelding uye kucheka zvitete zvitete zvine ukobvu hwepasi pe10mm. Mukuita zvekurapa, nanoyttrium aluminiumgarnet lasers yakashongedzwa nayonano neodymium oxideanoshandiswa panzvimbo pemapanga ekuvhiya kubvisa maronda ekuvhiya kana kuuraya utachiona.Nano neodymium oxideinoshandiswawo kupenda girazi uye zvinhu zveceramic, pamwe chete nezvigadzirwa zverabha uye zvinowedzera.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenanoscale samarium oxideinosanganisira chiedza cheyero ruvara, iyo inoshandiswa mu ceramic capacitors uye catalysts. Pamusoro pe,nano samarium oxidezvakare ine zvimiro zvenyukireya uye inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekugadzira, chinodzivirira, uye chekudzora zvinhu zveatomu reactor, zvichigonesa kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwesimba rakakura rinogadzirwa nenyukireya fission.
Nanoscaleeuropium oxide (Eu2O3)
Nanoscale europium oxideinonyanya kushandiswa mune fluorescent powders. Eu3 + inoshandiswa se activator ye red phosphors, uye Eu2 + inoshandiswa kune yebhuruu phosphors. Mazuva ano, Y0O3: Eu3+ ndiyo yakanakisa phosphor yeruminescence kunyatsoita, kugadzikana kwekupfeka, uye kudzoreredza mutengo. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwakadai sekuvandudza luminescence kunyatsoita uye kusiyanisa, iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Munguva pfupi yapfuura,nano europium oxideyakashandiswa zvakare seyakakurudzirwa emission phosphor mune itsva X-ray yekurapa diagnostic masisitimu. Nano europium oxide inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira lenzi ane mavara uye mafirita emaziso, kune magineti bubble kuchengetedza zvishandiso, uye mukudzora zvinhu, zvinodzivirira, uye zvimiro zveatomu reactor. Fine particle gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3Eu3+) red fluorescent poda yakagadzirwa uchishandisanano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) uyenano europium oxide (Eu2O3) semidziyo. Pakugadzirirarare pasitricolor fluorescent powder, yakawanikwa kuti: (a) inogona kusanganiswa zvakanaka nehupfu hwakasvibirira uye hupfu hwebhuruu; (b) Kubata kwakanaka kwekuputira; (c) Nekuda kweiyo diki diki saizi yehupfu dzvuku, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo inowedzera, uye nhamba yezvimedu zvinopenya zvinowedzera, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwehupfu hutsvuku hunoshandiswa mukati.rare pasitricolor phosphors, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemutengo.
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwayo kunosanganisira: 1. Mvura yaro-soluble paramagnetic complex inogona kuvandudza magnetic resonance (NMR) chiratidzo chekufungidzira chemuviri wemunhu mune zvekurapa. 2. Base sulfur oxides inogona kushandiswa sematrix magridi ekupenya kwakakosha oscilloscope machubhu uye X-ray fluorescence skrini. 3. Thenano gadolinium oxide in nano gadolinium oxidegallium garnet yakanakira imwe substrate yemagnetic bubble memory memory memory. 4. Kana pasina Camot cycle limitation, inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba-state magnetic cooling medium. 5. Inoshandiswa se inhibitor yekudzora chain reaction level yezviteshi zvemagetsi enyukireya kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwekuita kwenyukireya. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwenano gadolinium oxideuye nano lanthanum oxide pamwe chete inobatsira kushandura girasi yekushandura nzvimbo uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwegirazi.Nano gadolinium oxideinogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira capacitor uye X-ray intensifying skrini. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa pasi rese kuvandudza mashandisirwo enano gadolinium oxideuye alloys ayo mukutonhodza magineti, uye mafambiro akaitwa.
Nanometerterbium oxide (Tb4O7)
Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa dzinosanganisira: 1. Fluorescent poda inoshandiswa se activator yegirinhi poda mumatatu ekutanga mavara efluorescent poda, senge phosphate matrix inogadzirwa nenano terbium oxide, silicate matrix activated bynano terbium oxide, uye nano cerium magnesium aluminate matrix activated bynano terbium oxide, zvose zvinobudisa chiedza chegirini mukufara. 2. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakurudzo uye kubudirira kwakaitwa panano terbium oxideyakavakirwa magneto-optical zvinhu zvemagineti-optical kuchengetedza. A magneto-optical disc yakagadzirwa uchishandisa Tb-Fe amorphous yakaonda firimu sechinhu chekuchengetedza komputa inogona kuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza ne10-15 nguva. 3. Magneto optical glass, Faraday rotatory glass rinenano terbium oxide, chinhu chakakosha chinoshandiswa mukugadzira ma rotator, isolators, uye maringer anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu laser tekinoroji.Nano terbium oxideuye nano dysprosium iron oxide yave ichinyanya kushandiswa mu sonar uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kune mafuta jekiseni masisitimu, liquid valve control, micro positioning kune mechanical actuators, michina, uye mapapiro regulators kune ndege uye nzvimbo teresikopu.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) nano dysprosium oxidezviri: 1.Nano dysprosium oxideinoshandiswa se fluorescent poda activator, uye trivalentnano dysprosium oxideinovimbisa activation ion yeimwe luminescent centre matatu ekutanga mavara luminescent zvinhu. Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nemabhendi maviri ekuburitsa, imwe ndeyeyero mwenje emission, uye imwe ndeyebhuruu mwenje emission. Iyo luminescent material yakashongedzwa nayonano dysprosium oxideinogona kushandiswa sematatu ekutanga ruvara fluorescent poda. 2.Nano dysprosium oxidechinhu chinodiwa simbi mbishi kugadzirira hombe magnetostrictive alloynano terbium oxidenano dysprosium iron oxide (Terfenol) alloy, iyo inogona kugonesa mamwe chaiwo ma mechanical mafambiro awanikwe. 3.Nano dysprosium oxidesimbi inogona kushandiswa semagineti-optical yekuchengetera zvinhu ine yakakwirira yekurekodha kumhanya uye kuverenga kwekunzwa. 4. Inoshandiswa pakugadzirira kwenano dysprosium oxidemarambi, chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa mukatinano dysprosium oxidemarambi ndizvonano dysprosium oxide. Rudzi urwu rwemwenje rune zvakanakira kupenya kwepamusoro, ruvara rwakanaka, tembiricha yemhando yepamusoro, saizi diki, uye arc yakagadzikana. Yakashandiswa senzvimbo yekuvhenekesa mafirimu, kudhinda, uye mamwe maapplication ekuvhenekesa. 5. Nekuda kwehombe neutron capture cross-sectional area yenano dysprosium oxide, rinoshandiswa muindasitiri yesimba reatomu kuyera nyuturoni spectra kana senyuturoni inomwisa.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano holmium oxidesanganisira: 1. sekuwedzera kwemarambi esimbi halide. Metal halide marambi imhando yerambi rekuburitsa gasi rakagadzirwa pahwaro hwe-high-pressure mercury marambi, inoratidzwa nekuzadza girobhu nezvakasiyana.rare pasihalides. Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyerare pasiiodide, iyo inoburitsa akasiyana spectral mavara panguva yekubuda gasi. Chinhu chekushanda chinoshandiswa munano holmium oxidemwenje une iodizednano holmium oxide, iyo inogona kuwana yakakwira huwandu hwemaatomu esimbi munzvimbo yearc, inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwemwaranzi. 2.Nano holmium oxideinogona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kune yttrium iron kanayttrium aluminiumgarnet; 3.Nano holmium oxideinogona kushandiswa se yttrium iron aluminium garnet (Ho: YAG) kuti ibudise 2 μ M laser, tishu dzevanhu pa 2 μ Kutorwa kwem laser yakakwirira, inenge mirairo mitatu yehukuru yakakwirira kupfuura yeHd: YAG0. Saka kana uchishandisa Ho: YAG laser yekuvhiyiwa kwekurapa, kwete chete kugona kwekuvhiya uye kurongeka kunogona kuvandudzwa, asiwo nzvimbo yekukuvara kwemafuta inogona kudzikiswa kuita diki saizi. Iyo yemahara beam yakagadzirwa nenano holmium oxidemakristasi anogona kubvisa mafuta pasina kuunza kupisa kwakanyanya, nekudaro kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwekupisa kune hutano tishu. Zvinonzi kushandiswa kwenano holmium oxidelasers muUnited States kurapa glaucoma inogona kuderedza marwadzo evarwere vari kuvhiyiwa. 4. Mune magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol D, shoma shomanano holmium oxideinogona zvakare kuwedzerwa kudzikisa yekunze munda unodiwa kune saturation magnetization yealloy. 5. Pamusoro pezvo, michina yekukurukurirana yemaziso senge fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, uye mafiber sensors anogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa mafiber akaiswanano holmium oxide, iyo ichaita basa rakakosha mukukurumidza kukura kwefiber optic communication nhasi.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano erbium oxidezvinosanganisira: 1. Kubuda kwechiedza kweEr3 + pa1550nm kune zvakakosha zvakakosha, sezvo wavelength iyi yakanyatsowanikwa pakurasikirwa kwakaderera kwefiber optical mu fiber optic communication. Mushure mekunakidzwa nechiedza pane wavelength ye980nm1480nm,nano erbium oxideions (Er3+) shanduko kubva pasi pasi 4115/2 kuenda kune yakakwirira-simba nyika 4113/2, uye inoburitsa 1550nm wavelength mwenje kana Er3+ iri mune yakakwira-energy mamiriro ekuchinja kudzokera kupasi, Quartz optical fibers inogona kufambisa akasiyana mafungu echiedza. , asi mwero wekutarisa wekuona unosiyana. Iyo 1550nm frequency bhendi yechiedza ine yakaderera optical attenuation rate (0.15 decibel pakiromita) mukufambiswa kwequartz optical fibers, inova inenge yakaderera muganho weyero yekudzikisira. Naizvozvo, kana fiber optic kutaurirana ichishandiswa sechiedza chechiratidzo pa1550nm, kurasikirwa kwechiedza kunoderedzwa. Nenzira iyi, kana yakafanira kuunganidzwa kwenano erbium oxideinodonhedzwa mune yakakodzera matrix, iyo amplifier inogona kubhadhara kurasikirwa mumasisitimu ekutaurirana zvichienderana nemusimboti welaser. Naizvozvo, munharembozha dzinoda kukwidziridzwa kwe1550nm optical masaini,nano erbium oxidedoped fiber amplifiers yakakosha michina yemaziso. Parizvino,nano erbium oxidedoped silica fiber amplifiers yakatengeswa. Maererano nemishumo, kuitira kudzivirira kunyura kusingabatsiri, iyo doping yakawanda ye nano erbium oxide mu optical fibers inotangira pamakumi kusvika kumazana e ppm. Iko kukurumidza kuvandudza kwefiber optic kutaurirana kuchavhura minda mitsva yekushandiswa kwenano erbium oxide. 2. Mukuwedzera, laser crystals doped withnano erbium oxideuye kuburitsa kwavo 1730nm uye 1550nm lasers zvakachengeteka kumaziso emunhu, ine yakanaka yekufambisa kwemhepo, kugona kwakasimba kwekupinda kwehutsi hwehondo, kuvanzika kwakanaka, uye hazvionekwe nyore nevavengi. Musiyano weradiation pane zvinangwa zvemauto wakakura, uye inotakurika laser rangefinder yekuchengetedzwa kwemaziso emunhu yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandiswe nemauto. 3. Er3 + inogona kuwedzerwa kugirazi kugadzirarare pasigirazi laser zvinhu, iyo parizvino yakasimba-nyika laser zvinhu ine yakanyanya kubuda pulse simba uye kubuda simba. 4. Er3+ inogona zvakare kushandiswa seayo activation yeasingawanzo pasi upconversion laser zvinhu. 5. Mukuwedzera,nano erbium oxideinogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira decolorization uye kupenda kwegirazi remaziso uye crystalline girazi.
Nanometer yttrium oxide (Y2O3)
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenano yttrium oxidezvinosanganisira: 1. additives for steel and non-ferrous alloys. FeCr alloys anowanzo aine 0.5% kusvika 4%nano yttrium oxide, iyo inogona kuwedzera kupikisa kwe oxidation uye ductility yeaya masimbi asina tsvina; Mushure mekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfuminano yttrium oxideyakasanganiswarare pasikune MB26 alloy, kushanda kwese kweiyo alloy kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye inogona kutsiva mamwe epakati simba aruminiyamu alloys kune ndege inotakura zvinhu; Kuwedzera zvishoma nano yttriumrare earth oxidekuAl Zr alloy inogona kuvandudza conductivity yealloy; Iyi alloy yakagamuchirwa nemafekitori mazhinji ewaya epamba; Kuwedzeranano yttrium oxidekune alloys emhangura inovandudza conductivity uye simba remagetsi. 2. Ine 6%nano yttrium oxideuye aruminiyamu 2% silicon nitride ceramic zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira injini zvikamu. 3. Shandisa 400 wattnano neodymium oxidealuminium garnet laser beam kuita mechanic processing senge kuchera, kucheka, uye welding pane zvakakura zvikamu. 4. Chidzitiro cheelectron microscope fluorescent chinoumbwa neY-Al garnet single crystal wafers ine high fluorescence kupenya, kuderera kwakadzika kwechiedza chakapararira, kumira zvakanaka kune kupisa kwepamusoro uye kupfeka kwemagetsi. 5. yakakwiriranano yttrium oxidema alloys akaumbwa ane kusvika ku90%nano gadolinium oxideinogona kushandiswa mundege uye mamwe maapplication anoda yakaderera density uye yakakwirira kunyungudika nzvimbo. 6. High tembiricha proton inoitisa zvinhu zvine kusvika 90%nano yttrium oxidezvakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwemafuta emafuta, masero emagetsi emagetsi, uye zvinhu zvinonzwa gasi zvinoda kunyungudika kwehydrogen. Pamusoro pe,nano yttrium oxideinoshandiswawo seyakakura-tembiricha yekupfapfaidza zvinhu, diluent yeatomic reactor mafuta, chinowedzera chekusingaperi magineti zvinhu, uye senge getter muindasitiri yemagetsi.
Mukuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro, nanozvisingawanzo pasi oxidesinogonawo kushandiswa mune zvekupfeka zvinhu zvine hutano hwevanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Kubva kuchikwata chezvino chekutsvaga, vose vane imwe nzira: kuramba kune ultraviolet mwaranzi; Kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye ultraviolet mwaranzi inotarirwa nehosha dzeganda nekenza; Kudzivirira kusvibiswa kunoita kuti zviome kuti zvinosvibisa zvibatire pazvipfeko; Tsvagiridzo iri kuendererawo mumunda wekupisa kwemafuta. Nekuda kwekuoma uye kuchembera kuri nyore kweganda, rinowanzo gadzira mavara pamazuva ekunaya. Kunyura mukati ne nanoKashoma pasi cerium oxideinogona kuita kuti ganda rive rakapfava, risinganyanyi kuchembera uye mold, uye zvakare rakanyanya kugadzikana kupfeka. Nanocoating zvinhu zvakare yave iri nyaya inopisa mukutsvagisa nanomaterial mumakore achangopfuura, ine tarisiro huru pane inoshanda majasi. United States inoshandisa 80nmY2O3se infrared shielding coating, iyo ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro mukuratidza kupisa.CeO2ine high refractive index uye yakakwirira kugadzikana. Rininano rare pasi yttrium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide uyenano cerium oxidepoda inowedzerwa kumucheka, rusvingo rwekunze runogona kuramba kukwegura. Nekuti kunze kwemadziro kuvharika kunowanzo kuchembera uye kudonha nekuda kwepende iri kuratidzwa kune zuva ultraviolet rays uye kwenguva refu mhepo uye kuratidzwa kwezuva, kuwedzeracerium oxideuyeyttrium oxideinogona kurwisa ultraviolet mwaranzi, uye saizi yayo idiki.Nano cerium oxideinoshandiswa se ultraviolet absorber, Inotarisirwa kushandiswa kudzivirira kuchembera kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nekuda kwe ultraviolet radiation, pamwe nekuchembera kweUV kwematangi, mota, ngarava, matangi ekuchengetedza oiri, nezvimwewo, uye kuita basa. mumabhodhi makuru ekunze
Dziviriro yakanakisa ndeyemukati memadziro emukati kudzivirira mold, mwando, uye kusvibiswa, sezvo saizi yaro idiki, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti guruva rinamire kumadziro uye rinogona kupukutwa nemvura. Pachine zvakawanda zvekushandisa nanozvisingawanzo pasi oxidesizvo zvinoda kumwe kutsvakurudza nekuvandudzwa, uye tinovimba nemwoyo wose kuti zvichava neramangwana rakajeka zvikuru.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-03-2023