Nanometer isingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, simba idzva mukuchinja kwemaindasitiri

Nanotechnology inzvimbo itsva yekudyidzana zvishoma nezvishoma yakagadziridzwa mukupera kwema1980 uye kutanga kwema1990. Nemhaka yokuti ine simba guru rekugadzira nzira itsva dzekugadzira, zvinhu zvitsva uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva, ichatanga shanduko itsva yeindasitiri muzana remakore idzva.Chiyero chezvino chekusimudzira nanoscience uye nanotechnology chakafanana nekombiyuta uye ruzivo rwemichina muma1950s. Masayendisiti mazhinji akazvipira kune iyi ndima anofanotaura kuti kusimukira kwenanotechnology kuchave nemhedzisiro yakakura uye inosvika kure pazvinhu zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti ine zvimiro zvisinganzwisisike uye yakasarudzika mashandiro, Iwo makuru ekuvharirwa mhedzisiro inotungamira kune isinganzwisisike zvivakwa zve nano rare pasi zvinhu ndeye chaiyo mhedzisiro, diki saizi mhedzisiro, interface maitiro, transparency maitiro, tunnel mhedzisiro uye macroscopic quantum athari. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvimiro zvenano system zvisiyane neizvo zvezvakajairwa muchiedza, magetsi, kupisa uye magineti, uye zvinopa zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvitsva. Mune ramangwana, kune matatu nzira huru dzekuti masayendisiti atsvage nekugadzira nanotechnology: kugadzirira uye kushandisa. yemananomaterials nekuita kwakanakisa; Dhizaina uye gadzirira akasiyana nano zvishandiso nemidziyo; Kuongorora uye kuongorora zvimiro zvenano-matunhu. Parizvino, nano isingawanzo pasi inonyanya kuve neanotevera maratidziro ekushandisa, uye mashandisirwo ayo anofanirwa kuvandudzwa mune ramangwana.

Nanometer lanthanum oxide (La2O3)

Nanometer lanthanum oxide inoshandiswa kune piezoelectric zvinhu, electrothermal materials, thermoelectric materials, magnetoresistance materials, luminescent materials (blue powder), hydrogen storage materials, optical glass, laser materials, akasiyana alloy materials, catalysts kugadzirira organic chemical products, and catalysts for neutralizing. kupera kwemotokari, uye mabhaisikopo ezvekurima anoshandura anoiswawo kune nanometer lanthanum oxide.

Nanometer cerium oxide (CeO2)

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwe nano cerium oxide ndeiyi inotevera: 1. Sekuwedzera kwegirazi, nano cerium oxide inogona kutora ultraviolet rays uye infrared rays, uye yakashandiswa kumotokari yemotokari. Haikwanisi kudzivirira ultraviolet rays chete, asiwo kuderedza kutonhora mukati memotokari, nokudaro kuchengetedza magetsi kune air conditioning. 2. Kushandiswa kwe nano cerium oxide mumotokari inopedza tsvina yekuchenesa catalyst inogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira kuwanda kwemotokari yemagetsi kubva pakubudiswa mumhepo.3. Nano-cerium oxide inogona kushandiswa mu pigment kupenda mapurasitiki, uye zvakare inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira, inki uye mapepa maindasitiri. 4. Kushandiswa kwe nano cerium oxide muzvigadzirwa zvekupenya kwave kuchizivikanwa zvakanyanya sechinodiwa chepamusoro-chepamusoro chekutsvaira silicon wafers uye sapphire single crystal substrates.5. Uye zvakare, nano cerium oxide inogona zvakare kuiswa kune hydrogen kuchengetedza zvinhu, thermoelectric zvinhu, nano cerium oxide tungsten electrodes, ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics, nano cerium oxide silicon carbide abrasives, mafuta cell raw materials, peturu catalysts, zvimwe zvisingaperi magineti zvinhu, akasiyana alloy simbi uye asiri-ferrous simbi, nezvimwe.

Iyo nanometer praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11)

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwe nanometer praseodymium oxide ndeyotevera: 1. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka makeramics uye zuva nezuva-kushandiswa kwekeramics. Inogona kusanganiswa neceramic glaze kugadzira glaze yemavara, uye inogona kushandiswa se underglaze pigment chete. Iyo pigment yakagadzirwa ndeyereruka yero ine yakachena uye inoyevedza toni. 2. Inoshandiswa kugadzira magineti echigarire uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi akasiyana siyana uye mota. 3. Inoshandiswa petroleum catalytic cracking.Iyo basa, kusarudza uye kugadzikana kwe catalysis inogona kuvandudzwa. 4. Nano-praseodymium oxide inogonawo kushandiswa pakutsvaira kweabrasive. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe nanometer praseodymium oxide mumunda we optical fiber inowedzera uye yakawanda. Nanometer neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) Nanometer neodymium oxide yave nzvimbo inopisa pamusika kwemakore akawanda nekuda kwechinzvimbo chayo chakasiyana mumunda wepasi isingawanzo. Nano-neodymium oxide inoshandiswawo kune zvisiri-ferrous materials.Kuwedzera 1.5% ~ 2.5% nano neodymium oxide mu magnesium kana aruminiyamu alloy inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kusimba kwemhepo uye kusagadzikana kwemarara, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semhepo. zvinhu zvekubhururuka nendege. Pamusoro pezvo, nano yttrium aluminium garnet doped ne nano neodymium oxide inogadzira short-wave laser beam, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira uye kucheka zvinhu zvitete zvine ukobvu pasi pe10mm muindasitiri. Padivi rekurapa, Nano-YAG laser doped ne nano-Nd _ 2O _ 3 inoshandiswa kubvisa maronda ekuvhiya kana kuuraya utachiona panzvimbo pemapanga ekuvhiya. Nanometer neodymium oxide inoshandiswawo kupenda girazi uye ceramic zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zverabha uye zvinowedzera.

Samarium oxide nanoparticles (Sm2O3)

Mashandisirwo makuru e nano-sized samarium oxide ndeaya: nano-sized samarium oxide iri light yellow, iyo inoshandiswa kune ceramic capacitors uye catalysts. Uye zvakare, nano-saizi samarium oxide ine zvivakwa zvenyukireya, uye inogona kushandiswa seyakaumbwa zvinhu, kudzivirira zvinhu uye kudzora zvinhu zveatomu simba reactor, kuitira kuti simba rakakura rinogadzirwa nenyukireya fission rigone kushandiswa zvakachengeteka. Europium oxide nanoparticles (Eu2O3) inonyanya kushandiswa mu phosphors.Eu3 + inoshandiswa se activator ye red phosphor, uye Eu2 + inoshandiswa seblue phosphor. Y0O3:Eu3+ ndiyo yakanakisa phosphor mukupenya kwakanaka, kugadzikana kwekupfeka, mutengo wekudzoreredza, nezvimwewo, uye iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba rinopenya uye mutsauko. Munguva ichangopfuura, nano europium oxide inoshandiswawo se stimulated emission phosphor kune itsva X-ray yekurapa chirwere chekuongorora system. kudzora zvinhu, zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira uye zvimiro zveatomu reactor. Iyo yakanaka particle gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3:Eu3+) tsvuku phosphor yakagadzirwa nekushandisa nano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) uye nano europium oxide (Eu2O3) seyakagadzirwa. Paunenge uchiishandisa kugadzirira isingawanzo pasi tricolor phosphor, zvakaonekwa kuti: (a) inogona kuva yakanaka uye yakafanana yakasanganiswa nehupfu yakasvibirira uye yebhuruu poda; (b) Kubata kwakanaka kwekuputira; (c) Nekuti saizi yehupfu dzvuku idiki, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo inowedzera uye nhamba yezvimedu zveluminescent inowedzera, huwandu hwehupfu dzvuku mune isingawanzo pasi tricolor phosphors hunogona kudzikiswa, zvichikonzera mutengo wakaderera.

Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3)

Kunyanya kushandiswa kwayo ndekunotevera: 1. Mvura yaro-soluble paramagnetic complex inogona kuvandudza NMR imaging signal yemuviri womunhu mukurapa. 2. Base sulfur oxide inogona kushandiswa sematrix grid ye oscilloscope chubhu uye X-ray skrini ine kupenya kwakakosha. 3. Nano-gadolinium oxide mu nano-gadolinium gallium garnet ndiyo yakanaka imwe substrate yemagnetic bubble memory. 4. Kana pasina Camot cycle muganho, Inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba magineti inotonhorera svikiro. 5. Inoshandiswa se inhibitor kudzora chiyero chekuita chetani yezvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro enyukireya. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe nano-gadolinium oxide uye nano-lanthanum oxide kunobatsira kuchinja nzvimbo ye vitrification uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwegirazi. Iyo nano gadolinium oxide inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira capacitor uye X-ray intensifying skrini. Parizvino, nyika iri kuita nhamburiko huru kuvandudza kushandiswa kwenano-gadolinium oxide uye alloys ayo mune magineti firiji, uye yafambira mberi.

Terbium oxide nanoparticles (Tb4O7)

Minda mikuru yekushandisa ndeyotevera: 1. Phosphors inoshandiswa se activators ye green powder mu tricolor phosphors, yakadai se phosphate matrix inoshandiswa ne nano terbium oxide, silicate matrix inoshandiswa nano terbium oxide uye nano cerium oxide magnesium aluminate matrix inoshandiswa nano terbium. oxide, iyo yose inobudisa chiedza chegirini mumamiriro ekufara. 2. Magneto-optical storage materials, Mumakore achangopfuura, nano-terbium oxide magneto-optical materials zvakatsvakurudzwa nekugadzirwa. Iyo magneto-optical disk yakagadzirwa neTb-Fe amorphous firimu inoshandiswa sechinhu chekuchengetedza komputa, uye simba rekuchengetedza rinogona kuwedzerwa ne10 ~ 15 nguva. 3. Magneto-optical glass, Faraday optical active glass ine nanometer terbium oxide, chinhu chinokosha pakugadzira ma rotator, isolators, annulators uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu laser technology.Nanometer terbium oxide nanometer dysprosium oxide inonyanya kushandiswa mu sonar, uye yakashandiswa zvikuru inoshandiswa muminda yakawanda, senge mafuta jekiseni system, liquid valve control, micro-positioning, mechanical actuator, mechanism uye bapiro regulator yendege space telescope. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweDy2O3 nano dysprosium oxide ndeiyi:1. Nano-dysprosium oxide inoshandiswa se activator ye phosphor, uye trivalent nano-dysprosium oxide inovimbisa activate ion ye tricolor luminescent zvinhu zvine imwechete luminescent centre. Inonyanya kuve nemabhendi maviri ekubudisa, imwe yero yechiedza emission, imwe yebhuruu chiedza emission, uye luminescent materials doped ne nano-dysprosium oxide inogona kushandiswa se tricolor phosphors.2. Nanometer dysprosium oxide inodiwa simbi mbishi zvinhu kugadzirira Terfenol alloy ine hombe magnetostrictive alloy nano-terbium oxide uye nano-dysprosium oxide, iyo inogona kuona zvimwe chaizvo zviitiko zvemuchina kufamba. 3. Nanometer dysprosium oxide simbi inogona kushandiswa semagineti-optical kuchengetedza zvinhu zvine kukurumidza kurekodha nekukurumidza uye kuverenga kwekunzwa. 4. Inoshandiswa pakugadzirira nanometer dysprosium oxide lamp.Chishandiso chinoshandiswa mu nano dysprosium oxide lamp is nano dysprosium oxide, iyo ine zvakanakira kupenya kwepamusoro, ruvara rwakanaka, kupisa kwemavara epamusoro, hukuru hudiki uye arc yakagadzikana, uye yakave inoshandiswa sechiedza chekuvhenekera kwefirimu nekudhinda. 5. Nanometer dysprosium oxide inoshandiswa kuyera neutron energy spectrum kana seneutron absorber muatomic energy industry nokuda kwehombe yayo neutron capture cross-sectional area.

Ho _ 2O _ 3 Nanometer

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwe nano-holmium oxide ndeiyi inotevera: 1. Sekuwedzera kwesimbi halogen mwenje, simbi halogen mwenje rudzi rwegasi rinobudisa mwenje, iyo inogadzirwa pahwaro hwe-high-pressure mercury rambi, uye hunhu hwayo. kuti girobhu rakazadzwa neakasiyana-siyana asingawanzo pasi halides. Parizvino, maodhidhi epasi asingawanzo anonyanya kushandiswa, ayo anoburitsa mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana kana gasi richibuda.Chishandiso chinoshandiswa mu nano-holmium oxide lamp is nano-holmium oxide iodide, iyo inogona kuwana yakakwira simbi yeatomu kusungwa munzvimbo yearc, nokudaro. kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwemwaranzi. 2. Nanometer holmium oxide inogona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kweyttrium iron kana yttrium aluminium garnet; 3. Nano-holmium oxide inogona kushandiswa se yttrium iron aluminium garnet (Ho: YAG), iyo inogona kuburitsa 2μm laser, uye chiyero chekutora kwenyama yemunhu kusvika ku2μm laser yakakwirira.Inenge mirairo mitatu yehukuru yakakwirira kupfuura Hd: YAG0. Naizvozvo, kana uchishandisa Ho: YAG laser yekurapa kwekurapa, haingogone kuvandudza mashandiro ekushanda uye kurongeka, asi zvakare kuderedza nzvimbo yekukuvara kwekupisa kusvika padiki saizi. Iyo yakasununguka danda inogadzirwa ne nano holmium oxide crystal inogona kubvisa mafuta pasina kuunza kupisa kwakanyanya, nekudaro ichidzikisa kukuvadzwa kwemafuta kunokonzerwa neane hutano tishu. Zvinonzi kurapwa kweglaucoma ne nanometer holmium oxide laser muUnited States kunogona kuderedza marwadzo. kuvhiyiwa. 4. Mune magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D, shoma shoma ye nano-sized holmium oxide inogonawo kuwedzerwa kuderedza munda wekunze unodiwa kuti saturation magnetization ye alloy.5. Mukuwedzera, optical fiber doped ne nano-holmium oxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira michina yekukurukurirana ye optical fiber lasers, optical fiber amplifiers, optical fiber sensors, nezvimwewo. Ichaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukufambisa kwemazuva ano optical fiber communication.

Nanometer yttrium oxide (Y2O3)

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwe nano yttrium oxide ndeiyi inotevera: 1. Zvinowedzera zvesimbi uye nonferrous alloys. FeCr alloy inowanzo ine 0.5% ~ 4% nano yttrium oxide, iyo inogona kuwedzera oxidation kuramba uye ductility yeaya masimbi asina tsvina Mushure mekuwedzera yakaringana yepasi isingawanzo yakasanganiswa yakapfuma mu nanometer yttrium oxide muMB26 alloy, iyo yakazara midziyo yealloy yaive pachena. yakavandudzwa nezuro, Inogona kutsiva mamwe epakati uye akasimba aruminiyamu alloys kune zvakasimbiswa zvikamu zvendege; Kuwedzera shoma shoma ye nano yttrium oxide isingawanzo pasi muAl-Zr alloy inogona kuvandudza conductivity yealloy; Iyo alloy yakagamuchirwa nemafekitori mazhinji ewaya muChina. Nano-yttrium oxide yakawedzerwa mumhangura alloy kuvandudza conductivity uye simba remagetsi. 2. Silicon nitride ceramic zvinhu zvine 6% nano yttrium oxide uye 2% aluminium.Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira injini zvikamu. 3. Kuchera, kucheka, kuputika uye mamwe ma mechanical processing anoitwa pazvikamu zvakakura nekushandisa nano neodymium oxide aluminium garnet laser beam ine simba re400 watts. 4. Chidzitiro che electron maikorosikopu chinoumbwa neY-Al garnet single crystal ine kupenya kwakakwirira kwefluorescence, kunyura kwakaderera kwechiedza chakapararira, uye yakanaka yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba uye mechanical kupfeka kuramba.5. Yakakwira nano yttrium oxide chimiro alloy ine 90% nano gadolinium oxide inogona kuiswa kune avhiyesheni uye dzimwe nguva inoda yakaderera density uye yakakwirira kunyungudika. 6. High-temperature proton conductive zvinhu zvine 90% nano yttrium oxide zvakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwemafuta masero, electrolytic masero uye gasi sensors inoda high hydrogen solubility. Uye zvakare, Nano-yttrium oxide inoshandiswawo seyakakwira-tembiricha yekupfapfaidza inodzivirira zvinhu, diluent yeatomic reactor mafuta, inowedzerwa yeanogara magineti zvinhu uye getter muindasitiri yemagetsi.

Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro apa, nano rare earth oxides inogonawo kushandiswa muzvipfeko zvekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kubva pazvikamu zvino tsvakurudzo, vose vane mamwe mazano: anti-ultraviolet radiation; Kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye mwaranzi yeultraviolet inotarirwa nehosha dzeganda negomarara reganda; Kudzivirira kusvibiswa kunoita kuti zviome kuti zvinosvibisa zvibatire pazvipfeko; Iri kudzidziswawo kune nzira yekudzivirira-kudziya kuchengetedza.Nekuti dehwe rakaoma uye nyore kuchembera, rinowanzoita mildew mumazuva ekunaya. Dehwe rinogona kupfaviswa ne bleaching ne nano rare earth cerium oxide, iyo isiri nyore kukwegura uye mildew, uye yakasununguka kupfeka. Mumakore achangopfuura, nano-coating zvinhu zvakare zvinotariswa zve nano-materials tsvakiridzo, uye iyo huru yekutsvagisa inotarisa pane inoshanda coatings. Y2O3 ine 80nm muUnited States inogona kushandiswa se infrared shielding coating.Kushanda kwekuratidzira kupisa kwakanyanya. CeO2 ine yakakwira refractive index uye yakanyanya kugadzikana. Kana nano isingawanzo pasi yttrium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide uye nano cerium oxide poda inowedzerwa pakuputira, madziro ekunze anogona kurwisa kuchembera, nekuti kunze kwemadziro kuvharika kuri nyore kukwegura uye kudonha nekuti pende inotaridzirwa kuchiedza chezuva uye ultraviolet rays. kwenguva yakareba, uye inogona kuramba ultraviolet rays mushure mekuwedzera cerium oxide uye yttrium oxide.Uyezve, saizi yaro idiki kwazvo, uye nano cerium oxide inoshandiswa se ultraviolet absorber, iyo inotarisirwa kushandiswa kudzivirira kukwegura kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nekuda kwe ultraviolet irradiation, matangi, motokari, ngarava, matangi ekuchengetedza mafuta, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira zvakanakisisa kunze kwezvikwangwani zvakakura uye kudzivirira mildew. , unyoro uye kusvibiswa kwemukati wemadziro emadziro. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki, huruva haisi nyore kunamira kumadziro.Uye inogona kukweshwa nemvura. Kuchine kushandiswa kwakawanda kwenano rare earth oxides kuti iwedzere kuongororwa uye kugadzirwa, uye isu tinovimba nemoyo wese kuti ichave neramangwana rakajeka.