Ramangwana reMigodhi Rare Earth Elements Sustainable
Chii chinonzi Rare Earth Elements uye Inowanikwa kupi? Rare Earth elements (REEs) zvinosanganisira 17 metallic elements, inoumbwa ne15 lanthanides pa periodic table: Zvizhinji zvacho hazvina kujairika sezvinoratidzwa nezita reboka asi zvakapihwa mazita muzana ramakore rechi 18 nerechi 19, mukuenzanisa nezvimwe zvinozivikanwa 'nepasi' zvinhu zvakaita se lime ne magnesia. Cerium ndiyo yakajairika REE uye yakawanda kupfuura mhangura kana lead. Nekudaro, mumashoko ejoloji, maREE haawanzo kuwanikwa mumadhipoziti akaiswa semarasha seam, semuenzaniso, ari kuita kuti hupfumi huve hwakaoma kumugodhi. Iwo panzvimbo pezvo anowanikwa mumhando ina dzematombo makuru asina kujairika; carbonatites, ari matombo asina kujairika egneous anotorwa kubva ku carbonate-rich magmas, alkaline igneous settings, ion-absorption clay deposits, uye monazite-xenotime-bearer placers deposits. China Migodhi 95% yeRare Earth Elements kugutsa Kudiwa kweHi-Tech Mararamiro uye Renewable Energy Kubva mukupera kwema1990s, China yakatonga kugadzirwa kweREE, ichishandisa ion-absorption clay deposits, inozivikanwa se'South China Clays'. Izvo zvine hupfumi kuti China iite nekuti madhipoziti evhu ari nyore kubvisa maREE kubva pakushandisa asina simba acids. Zvisikwa zvepasi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kune ese marudzi ehi-tech midziyo, kusanganisira makomputa, DVD player, mbozhanhare, mwenje, fiber optics, makamera uye vatauri, uye kunyange midziyo yemauto, senge jet injini, missile kutungamira masisitimu, satellite, uye anti. - missile defense. Chinangwa che2015 Paris Climate Agreement ndechekudzikamisa kudziya kwepasi rose kusvika pasi pe2 ˚C, zvikuru 1.5 ˚C, pre-industrial level. Izvi zvawedzera kudiwa kwemagetsi emagetsi uye mota dzemagetsi, izvo zvinodawo kuti maREE ashande. Muna 2010, China yakazivisa kuti yaizodzikisa kutengesa kunze kweREE kuti izadzise kukwira kwayo kwekuda, asi zvakare kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chayo chikuru chekugovera hi-tech michina kune dzimwe nyika. China iri zvakare mune yakasimba hupfumi chinzvimbo chekudzora kupihwa kweREEs inodiwa kune simba rinogona kudzokororwa senge solar panels, mhepo, uye tidal power turbines, pamwe nemotokari dzemagetsi. Phosphogypsum Fertilizer Rare Earth Elements Capture Project Phosphogypsum ndeye-chigadzirwa chefetereza uye ine zvinongoitika zveradioactive zvinhu zvakaita seuranium uye thorium. Nechikonzero ichi, inochengeterwa kusingagumi, ine njodzi dzakabatana dzekusvibisa ivhu, mweya, uye mvura. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vepaPenn State University, vakagadzira nzira yakasiyana-siyana vachishandisa peptides yakagadzirwa, tambo pfupi dzeamino acids dzinogona kunyatsoona uye kuparadzanisa maREE uchishandisa membrane yakagadzirwa. Sezvo nzira dzechinyakare dzekuparadzanisa dzisina kukwana, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekugadzira nzira nyowani dzekuparadzanisa, zvigadzirwa, uye maitiro. Dhizaini inotungamirwa nekombuta yekuenzanisira, yakagadziridzwa naRachel Getman, mukuru anoongorora uye anoshamwaridzana purofesa wemakemikari uye biomolecular engineering kuClemson, nevaongorori Christine Duval naJulie Renner, vachigadzira mamorekuru anozobatirira kune chaiwo maREE. Greenlee anotarisa maitiro avanoita mumvura uye achaongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi zvinogona pasi pekugadzirwa kwakasiyana uye mamiriro ekushanda. Purofesa weinjiniya wemakemikari Lauren Greenlee, anoti: “Nhasi, matani anofungidzirwa kuva 200 000 ezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi akavharirwa mumarara asina kugadzirwa anonzi phosphogypsum muFlorida moga.” Chikwata ichi chinozivisa kuti kudzoreredza kwechinyakare kwakabatana nezvipingamupinyi zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvehupfumi, izvo zvave kuwanikwa kubva kune zvakaumbwa, izvo zvinoda kupiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa uye zviri kushanda nesimba. Iyo purojekiti nyowani ichatarisa pakuvadzoreredza nenzira yakagadzikana uye inogona kufambiswa pamwero mukuru kune zvakatipoteredza nehupfumi. Kana chirongwa ichi chikabudirira, chinogona zvakare kuderedza kuvimba kweUSA neChina pakupa zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi. Mari yeNational Science Foundation Project Chirongwa chePenn State REE chinotsigirwa nemari yemakore mana yemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe nenomwe nemakumi mashanu nesere, inosvika $1.7 miriyoni, uye mubatanidzwa neCase Western Reserve University neClemson University. Dzimwe Nzira Dzokudzoreredza Rare Earth Elements RRE kudzoreredza kunowanzo itwa uchishandisa diki-chikero mashandiro, kazhinji neleaching uye yekubvisa solvent. Kunyangwe iri nyore maitiro, leaching inoda huwandu hwakanyanya hwengozi dzemakemikari reagents, saka hazvidiwe zvekutengesa. Kubvisa solvent inzira inoshanda asi haina kunyatso shanda nekuti ibasa rakawanda uye inotora nguva. Imwe nzira yakajairika yekuti maREE adzorerwe ndeye agromining, inozivikanwawo se-e-mining, iyo inosanganisira kutakurwa kwemarara emagetsi, semakomputa ekare, nhare, uye terevhizheni kubva kunyika dzakasiyana kuenda kuChina kunotorwa REE. Sekureva kweUN Environment Programme, anopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu nenhatu ematani e-marara akagadzirwa muna 53, aine mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nenomwe emadhora ezvigadzirwa zvine REE nesimbi. Kunyangwe ichiwanzo kutaurwa senzira yakagadzikana yekudzokorodza zvinhu, haisi isina yayo yega seti yezvinetso zvichiri kuda kukundwa. Agromining inoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekuchengetera, kudzokorodza zvidyarwa, marara emarara mushure mekupora kweREE, uye inosanganisira mari yekufambisa, inoda kupisa mafuta ezvicherwa. Iyo Penn State University Project ine mukana wekukunda mamwe ematambudziko ane chekuita neyechinyakare REE nzira dzekudzoreredza kana ichigona kugutsa yayo yezvakatipoteredza nehupfumi zvinangwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-03-2022