Rare earth nanomaterials Rare Earth elements ine yakasarudzika 4f sub layer yemagetsi chimiro, hombe atomic magineti nguva, yakasimba spin orbit coupling uye humwe hunhu, zvichikonzera kupfuma kwakanyanya, magetsi, magineti uye zvimwe zvivakwa. Iwo akakosha ehurongwa hwekushandisa kuti nyika dzepasirese dzishandure maindasitiri echinyakare uye kusimudzira yepamusoro-tekinoroji, uye inozivikanwa se "pfuma imba yezvinhu zvitsva".
Pamusoro pekushandisa kwayo muminda yechinyakare senge metallurgical machines, petrochemicals, glass ceramics, uye machira akareruka,rare earthszvakare zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotsigira muminda iri kubuda senge simba rakachena, mota hombe, mota nyowani dzesimba, semiconductor mwenje, uye zvitsva zvinoratidzwa, zvine hukama nehupenyu hwevanhu.
Mushure memakumi emakore ebudiriro, tarisiro yezvisingawanzo tsvagiridzo ine chekuita nepasi yakashandukawo kubva pakunyungudutswa uye kupatsanurwa kwepasi rimwechete-kuchena risingawanzo kukwira kune yakakwirira-tech mashandisirwo epasi risingawanzo mumagnetism, optics, magetsi, kuchengetedza simba, catalysis, biomedicine, nemimwe minda. Kune rimwe divi, kune maitiro akakura akananga kune isingawanzo pasi inoumbwa zvinhu muhurongwa hwezvinhu; Kune rimwe divi, inonyanya kutariswa pane yakaderera dimensional inoshanda makristaro zvinhu maererano ne morphology. Kunyanya nekuvandudzwa kweazvino nanoscience, kusanganisa diki mhedzisiro, quantum mhedzisiro, pamusoro pemhedzisiro, uye interface mhedzisiro ye nanomaterials ine yakasarudzika yemagetsi layer dhizaini hunhu hwezvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu, isingawanzo pasi nanomaterials inoratidza akawanda manovel zvimiro zvakasiyana kubva kune zvechinyakare zvinhu, kuwedzera. kuita kwakanakisa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi, Uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwayo muminda yezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare uye nyowani yepamusoro-tech kugadzira.
Parizvino, kune anotevera anonyanya kuvimbisa zvisingawanzo pasi nanomaterials, zvinoti zvisingawanzo pasi nano luminescent zvinhu, zvisingawanzo pasi nano catalytic zvinhu, zvisingawanzo pasi nano magineti zvinhu,nano cerium oxideultraviolet shielding zvinhu, uye zvimwe nano zvinoshanda zvinhu.
Nha.1Rare pasi nano luminescent zvinhu
01. Rare earth organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent nanomaterials
Zvishandiso zveComposite zvinosanganisa mayuniti anoshanda akasiyana padanho remamorekuru kuti awane anopindirana uye akakwenenzverwa mabasa. Organic inorganic hybrid zvinhu zvine mabasa eiyo organic uye inorganic zvikamu, zvichiratidza kunaka kwemakanika kugadzikana, kuchinjika, kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kuita kwakanakisa.
Rare pasimacomplexes ane akawanda mabhenefiti, akadai sekuchena kwemavara epamusoro, hupenyu hurefu hwekunakidzwa, goho rakawanda, uye mitsara yakapfuma yekuburitsa. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda, senge kuratidza, optical waveguide amplification, solid-state lasers, biomarker, uye anti-yekunyepedzera. Nekudaro, iyo yakaderera photothermal kugadzikana uye kushomeka kwekugadzirisa kwezvisingawanzo kugadzirwa kwepasi kunotadzisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwavo uye kusimudzirwa. Kubatanidza zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa kwepasi ne inorganic matrices ane yakanaka mekiniki zvivakwa uye kugadzikana inzira inoshanda yekuvandudza iyo luminescent zvimiro zveasingawanzo pasi pasi.
Kubva pakuvandudzwa kweasingawanzo pasi organic inorganic hybrid zvinhu, maitiro avo ekukura anoratidza zvinotevera hunhu:
① Iyo yakasanganiswa zvinhu yakawanikwa nemakemikari doping nzira ine yakagadzikana inoshanda zvikamu, yakakwira doping huwandu uye kugovera kwakafanana kwezvikamu;
② Shanduko kubva kune imwechete inoshanda zvinhu kuenda kune yakawanda-functional zvinhu, kugadzira multifunctional zvinhu kuti maapplication azvo awedzere;
③ Iyo matrix yakasiyana, kubva kunyanya silica kusvika kune akasiyana substrates akadai setitanium dioxide, organic polima, ivhu, uye ionic zvinwiwa.
02. White LED isingawanzo pasi luminescent zvinhu
Kuenzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekuvhenekesa huripo, zvigadzirwa zvekuvhenekesa semiconductor senge light-emitting diodes (LEDs) zvine zvakanakira senge hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, kupenya kwakanyanya, mercury yemahara, UV yemahara, uye yakagadzikana kushanda. Ivo vanoonekwa se "yechina chizvarwa chechiedza sosi" mushure memwenje incandescent, mwenje wefluorescent, uye yakakwirira-yakasimba gas discharge marambi (HIDs).
White LED inoumbwa nemachipisi, substrates, phosphors, uye vatyairi. Rare Earth fluorescent powder inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwewhite LED. Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hukuru hwebasa rekutsvagisa hwakaitwa pachena LED phosphors uye kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwakaitwa:
① Kukudziridzwa kwemhando nyowani yephosphor inonakidzwa neblue LED (460m) yakaita doping uye gadziriso tsvagiridzo paYAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) inoshandiswa mublue LED machipisi kuvandudza kushanda kwemwenje uye kupa kwemavara;
② Kuvandudzwa kwehupfu hutsva hwefluorescent hunonakidzwa nechiedza cheultraviolet (400m) kana ultraviolet chiedza (360mm) chakanyatsoongorora kuumbwa, chimiro, uye spectral hunhu hwehupfu hutsvuku negirinhi hwebhuruu fluorescent, pamwe nereshiyo dzakasiyana dzehutatu hupfu hwefluorescent. kuwana chena LED ine mavara akasiyana tembiricha;
③ Rimwezve basa rakaitwa pazvinhu zvesainzi mugadziriro yegadziriro yehupfu hwefluorescent, senge pesvedzero yegadziriro yekugadzirira pakuyerera, kuve nechokwadi chemhando uye kugadzikana kwehupfu hwefluorescent.
Uye zvakare, chena mwenje LED inonyanya kutora yakasanganiswa yekurongedza maitiro efluorescent poda uye silicone. Nekuda kwehurombo hwekupisa kwehupfu hwefluorescent hupfu, mudziyo unopisa nekuda kwekurebesa nguva yekushanda, zvichikonzera kuchembera kwesilicone uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwesevhisi. Dambudziko iri rakanyanya kuoma mu-high-power white light LEDs. Remote packaging ndiyo imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuisa fluorescent poda kune substrate uye kuiparadzanisa kubva kune yebhuruu LED sosi yemwenje, nekudaro ichidzikisa kukanganiswa kwekupisa kunoitwa nechip pane luminescent performance yefluorescent poda. Kana zvisingawanzo pasi fluorescent ceramics zvine hunhu hwekupisa kupisa kwepamusoro, kukwirira kwecorrosion, kugadzikana kwepamusoro, uye yakanakisa optical kubuda kwekuita, vanogona kuzadzisa zvirinani zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwe-high-power chena LED ine simba repamusoro. Micro nano powders ine yakakwira sintering chiitiko uye yakakwira kupararira yave chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa pakugadzirira kwepamusoro pachena zvisingawanzo pasi optical functional ceramics ane yakakwira optical kubuda kuita.
03.Rare pasi upconversion luminescent nanomaterials
Upconversion luminescence imhando yakakosha ye luminescence process inoratidzwa nekutorwa kweakawanda akaderera-energy mafotoni ne luminescent zvinhu uye chizvarwa chepamusoro-energy photon emission. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa organic dhayi mamorekuru kana quantum madots, isingawanzo pasi upconversion luminescent nanomaterials ine akawanda mabhenefiti senge hombe anti Stokes shift, nhete emission bhendi, kugadzikana kwakanaka, kuderera kwehuturu, kudzika kwetishu kupinza, uye kuderera kwe fluorescence kupindira. Ivo vane tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa mumunda webiomedical.
Mumakore achangopfuura, isingawanzo kushandura pasi luminescent luminescent nanomaterials yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mu synthesis, kugadziridzwa kwepasi, kushanda kwepasi, uye biomedical application. Vanhu vanonatsiridza kupenya kwezvishandiso nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwavo, chikamu chechimiro, saizi, nezvimwewo pananoscale, uye kubatanidza core/shell chimiro kudzikisa luminescence quenching centre, kuitira kuwedzera mukana wekuchinja. Nekugadzirisa kemikari, gadza matekinoroji ane yakanaka biocompatibility yekudzikisa muchetura, uye gadzira nzira dzekufungidzira dzeupconversion luminescent masero ehupenyu uye mu vivo; Gadzira nzira dzinoshanda uye dzakachengeteka dzebhayoloji dzekubatanidza zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemashandisirwo akasiyana (masero ekuona immune system, in vivo fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, mapikicha anodzorwa kuburitsa mishonga, nezvimwewo).
Ichi chidzidzo chine hukuru hwekushandisa uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye ine kukosha kwakakosha kwesainzi pakuvandudza nanomedicine, kusimudzira hutano hwevanhu, uye kufambira mberi munharaunda.
No.2 Rare pasi nano magnetic zvinhu
Kashoma pasi zvachose magineti zvinhu zvakapfuura nematanho matatu ebudiriro: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, uye Nd2Fe14B. Sekukurumidza kudzimwa NdFeB magineti poda yezvakasungwa zvechigarire magineti zvinhu, saizi yezviyo inotangira pa20nm kusvika 50nm, zvichiita kuti ive yakajairwa nanocrystalline isingawanzo pasi inogara magineti zvinhu.
Rare Earth nanomagnetic zvinhu zvine hunhu hudiki saizi, imwechete domain chimiro, uye yakakwirira kumanikidza. Iko kushandiswa kwemagineti ekurekodha zvinhu kunogona kuvandudza chiratidzo-kune-ruzha chiyero uye mhando yemufananidzo. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye kuvimbika kwepamusoro, kushandiswa kwayo mumamicro motor masisitimu igwara rakakosha rekuvandudza chizvarwa chitsva chendege, aerospace, uye marine motors. Kune magineti ndangariro, magineti fluid, Giant Magneto Resistance zvinhu, kuita kwacho kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, kuita kuti michina ive yepamusoro-inoshanda uye miniaturized.
Nha.3Rare pasi nanocatalytic materials
Rare Earth catalytic zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinenge zvese zvinokonzeresa maitiro. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro, vhoriyamu mhedzisiro, uye quantum saizi mhedzisiro, isingawanzo pasi nanotechnology yakawedzera kukwezva kutarisa. Mukuita kwakawanda kwemakemikari, zvisingawanzo pasi zvinokonzeresa zvinoshandiswa. Kana isingawanzo pasi nanocatalysts yakashandiswa, iyo catalytic chiitiko uye kugona kuchavandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Rare Earth nanocatalysts anowanzo shandiswa mu petroleum catalytic kupaza uye kuchenesa kurapa kwekupopota kwemotokari. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa isingawanzo pasi nanocatalytic zvinhu ndeyeCeO2uyeLa2O3, iyo inogona kushandiswa sezvinokonzera uye zvinokurudzira, pamwe chete nevatakuri vatakuri.
Nha.4Nano cerium oxideultraviolet inodzivirira zvinhu
Nano cerium oxide inozivikanwa seyechitatu chizvarwa ultraviolet isolation agent, ine yakanaka yekuzviparadzanisa mhedzisiro uye yakakwirira transmittance. Muzvizoro, yakaderera catalytic chiitiko nano ceria inofanirwa kushandiswa se UV inoparadzanisa mumiriri. Naizvozvo, kutarisisa kwemusika uye kucherechedzwa kwenano cerium oxide ultraviolet shielding zvinhu zvakakwirira. Iko kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwekubatanidzwa kwedunhu rekubatanidza kunoda zvinhu zvitsva zvekubatanidzwa kwedunhu chip kugadzira maitiro. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvine zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvekunatsa zvinwiwa, uye semiconductor isingawanzo kupenya ivhu mvura inoda kusangana nezvinodiwa izvi, nekukurumidza kupenya kumhanya uye kushoma kupenya kwevhoriyamu. Nano isingawanzo kupenya pasi zvinhu zvine musika wakafara.
Kuwedzera kwakakosha kwemuridzi wemotokari kwakakonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakakomba, uye kuiswa kwemotokari inonatsa inonatswa ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Nano cerium zirconium composite oxides inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kunaka kwekunatswa kwegasi remuswe.
No.5 Zvimwe nano functional materials
01. Rare pasi nano ceramic zvinhu
Nano ceramic poda inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya tembiricha yekupisa, iyo iri 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ yakaderera pane iyo isiri nano ceramic poda ine yakafanana kuumbwa. Kuwedzera nano CeO2 kumakeramiki kunogona kuderedza sintering tembiricha, kuvharidzira kukura kwelatisi, uye kunatsiridza kuwanda kwemakeramiki. Kuwedzera zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvakadai seY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2inogona kudzivirira yakakwirira-tembiricha chikamu shanduko uye embrittlement yeZrO2, uye kuwana ZrO2 chikamu shanduko yakaomeswa zvedongo zvimiro zvezvinhu.
Electronics ceramics (electronic sensors, PTC materials, microwave materials, capacitors, thermistors, etc.) yakagadzirirwa kushandisa ultrafine kana nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, nezvimwewo zvakavandudza magetsi, kupisa, uye kugadzikana kwezvinhu.
Kuwedzera isingawanzo pasi yakagadziriswa photocatalytic composite zvinhu kune glaze formula inogona kugadzirira isingawanzo pasi antibacterial ceramics.
02.Rare pasi nano nhete firimu zvinhu
Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, zvinodikanwa zvekuita zvezvigadzirwa zviri kuramba zvichiomesa, zvinoda ultra-fine, ultra-thin, ultra-high density, uye Ultra-kuzadza kwezvigadzirwa. Parizvino, kune matatu makuru mapoka easingawanzo pasi nano mafirimu akagadzirwa: isingawanzo pasi yakaoma nano mafirimu, isingawanzo pasi pasi oxide nano mafirimu, uye isingawanzo pasi nano alloy mafirimu. Rare Earth nano mafirimu anoitawo basa rakakosha muindasitiri yeruzivo, catalysis, simba, chekufambisa, uye mushonga wehupenyu.
Mhedziso
China inyika huru mune zviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo. Iko kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweasingawanzo pasi nanomaterials inzira nyowani yekushandisa zvine simba zviwanikwa zvepasi. Kuti uwedzere huwandu hwemashandisirwo epasi risingawanzo uye kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinoshanda, itsva theoretical system inofanirwa kugadzikwa mune zvekushandisa dzidziso kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutsvagisa pananoscale, ita isingawanzo pasi nanomaterials kuita zvirinani, uye kuita kuti kubuda. yezvivakwa zvitsva uye mabasa anogoneka.
Nguva yekutumira: May-29-2023