Thulium, chikamu 69 chetafura ye periodic.
Thulium, chinhu chine zvishoma zvemukati zvezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi, zvakanyanya kugarisana nezvimwe zvinhu muGadolinite, Xenotime, dema isingawanzo goridhe ore uye monazite.
Thulium uye lanthanide simbi zvinhu zvinogara pamwe chete mune zvakanyanya kuoma ores mune zvakasikwa. Nekuda kwezvakanyanya kufanana zvemagetsi zvimiro, iwo emuviri nemakemikari zvimiro zvakafanana zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kudhirowa uye kupatsanura kuve kwakaoma.
Muna 1879, nyanzvi yemakemikari yeSweden Cliff akaona kuti Atomic mass yevhu reerbium yakanga isingachinji paakadzidza ivhu reerbium rakanga rasara mushure mekuparadzanisa ivhu reytterbium nevhu rescandium, saka akaramba achiparadzanisa ivhu reerbium uye pakupedzisira akaparadzanisa ivhu reerbium, ivhu reholmium uye thulium ivhu.
Metal thulium, sirivha chena, ductile, yakapfava, inogona kutemwa nebanga, ine yakakwira kunyunguduka uye kubikira, haisi nyore kusvibiswa mumhepo, uye inogona kuchengetedza kutaridzika kwesimbi kwenguva yakareba. Nekuda kweiyo yakakosha extranuclear Electron shell structure, makemikari zvimiro zvethulium zvakada kufanana neaya emamwe lanthanide simbi zvinhu. Inogona kunyungudika mu hydrochloric acid kuita girinhi zvishomaThulium (III) chloride, uye pfarivari dzinogadzirwa nezvikamu zvayo zvinopfuta mumhepo zvinogona kuonekwawo pavhiri rekukwesha.
Mishonga yeThulium inewo zvinhu zvefluorescence uye inogona kubudisa blue fluorescence pasi pechiedza che ultraviolet, chinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mavara e-anti-counterfeiting emari yemapepa. Iyo radioactive isotope thulium 170 ye thulium zvakare imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri emwaranzi masosi uye inogona kushandiswa sematurusi ekuongorora ekurapa uye mazino ekushandisa, pamwe nekuona hurema hwemakanika nemagetsi zvikamu.
Thulium, iyo inokatyamadza, ndiyo thulium laser therapy tekinoroji uye isina kujairika kemisitiri itsva yakagadzirwa nekuda kweiyo yakakosha extranuclear yemagetsi chimiro.
Thulium doped Yttrium aluminium garnet inogona kuburitsa laser ine wavelength pakati pe1930 ~ 2040 nm. Kana iyo laser yebhandi ichishandiswa pakuvhiyiwa, ropa panzvimbo yekuvhenekesa rinobatana nekukurumidza, ronda rekuvhiya idiki, uye hemostasis yakanaka. Naizvozvo, iyi laser inowanzo shandiswa kune Minimally invasive maitiro eprostate kana maziso. Iri rudzi rwelaser rine kurasikirwa kwakaderera kana ichitumira mumhepo, uye inogona kushandiswa mukunzwa kure uye kutaurirana kwemaziso. Semuenzaniso, Laser rangefinder, yakabatana Doppler mhepo radar, zvichingodaro, ichashandisa laser inoburitswa nethulium doped fiber laser.
Thulium imhando yakasarudzika yesimbi mudunhu f, uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira macomplexes ane maerekitironi mu f layer akakwezva masayendisiti mazhinji. Kazhinji, lanthanide metal elements inogona kungogadzira trivalent compounds, asi thulium chimwe chezvinhu zvishomanana zvinogona kugadzira divalent compounds.
Muna 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev akapayona maitiro ekemikari ane chekuita nedivalent isingawanzo makemikari epasi mune mhinduro, uye akawana kuti divalent Thulium(III) iodide inogona zvishoma nezvishoma kushanduka ichidzokera kune yero yetatu thulium ion mune mamwe mamiriro. Nekushandisa hunhu uhu, thulium inogona kuve iyo inosarudzika yekudzikisa mumiririri kune organic chemist uye ine mukana wekugadzira masimbi ane akakosha zvivakwa zveakakosha minda senge simba rinodzokororwa, magineti tekinoroji, uye kugadzirisa tsvina yenyukireya. Nekusarudza ligands dzakakodzera, thulium inogona zvakare kushandura iyo yakarongeka inogoneka yeiyo chaiyo simbi redox pairi. Samarium (II) iodide nemisanganiswa yayo yakanyungudutswa mune zvinonyungudutsa zveorganic senge tetrahydrofuran zvakashandiswa nevemakemikari emakemikari kwemakore makumi mashanu kudzora maitiro ekuderedza maerekitironi emapoka emapoka anoshanda. Thulium inewo maitiro akafanana, uye kugona kwayo ligand kugadzirisa organic metal compounds kunoshamisa. Kubata iyo geometric chimiro uye orbital kupindirana kweiyo yakaoma inogona kukanganisa mamwe mapeya eredox. Zvisinei, sechinhu chisingawanzoitiki chepasi, mutengo wakakwirira we thulium unodzivirira kwenguva pfupi kutsiva samarium, asi ichine simba guru mumakemikari matsva asina kujairika.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-01-2023