Curiyaha Dhulka Magic Rare: "Boqorka Magnet Joogtada ah" -Neodymium

bastnasite

Neodymium, lambarka atomiga 60, atomikada miisaanka 144.24, oo leh 0.00239% ka kooban qolof, inta badan waxay ku jirtaa monazite iyo bastnaesite. Waxaa jira todoba isotopes ee neodymium ee dabiiciga ah: neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148 iyo 150, kuwaas oo neodymium 142 uu leeyahay nuxurka ugu sarreeya. Markii ay dhalatay praseodymium, neodymium ayaa soo baxay. Imaatinka neodymium waxa uu kiciyay beerta naadirka ah ee dhulka waxana uu ka ciyaaray door muhiim ah.waxana uu saameeyaa suuqa naadirka dhulka.

Helitaanka Neodymium

Karl Orvon Welsbach (1858-1929), daahfuraha neodymium

Sanadkii 1885 kii, farmashiyaha Austrian Carl Orvon Welsbach Carl Auer von Welsbach wuxuu ka helay neodymium Vienna. Waxa uu kala soocay neodymium iyo praseodymium walxaha neodymium-ka asymmetrical ah isaga oo kala saaraya oo ka dhigaya ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate iyo nitric acid, isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu kala soocay falanqayn muuqaal ah, laakiin looma kala saarin qaab saafi ah ilaa 1925.

Laga soo bilaabo 1950-meeyadii, neodymium nadiif ah oo sarreeya (in ka badan 99%) ayaa inta badan lagu helay habka sarrifka ion ee monazite. Birta lafteeda waxaa lagu helaa koronto lagu sameeyo milixdeeda halide. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, neodymium intiisa badan waxaa laga soosaaraa (Ce,La,Nd,Pr)CO3F ee basta Nathanite waxaana lagu sifeeyaa soo saarista dareeraha. Ion beddelka nadiifinta kaydinta nadiifinta ugu sareysa (sida caadiga ah> 99.99%) diyaargarowga iyo midab casaan ama orange ka badan oo ka badan nooca casriga ah.

Biraha Neodymium

Metallic neodymium wuxuu leeyahay dhalaal bir ah oo qalin ah, barta dhalaalaysa 1024°C, cufnaanta 7.004 g/cm, iyo paramagnetism. Neodymium waa mid ka mid ah biraha dhifka ah ee ugu firfircoon, kaas oo si degdeg ah oksidizes iyo madoobaada hawada, ka dibna samaynta lakabka oksaydh ka dibna ay diirto, taas oo soo bandhigaysa birta in ay sii dheeraato oksaydheynta. Sidaa darteed, muunadda neodymium-ka ee cabbirkeedu yahay hal sentimitir ayaa si buuxda u oksaydhaysan hal sano gudaheed. Waxay si tartiib ah uga falcelisaa biyaha qabow iyo si degdeg ah biyaha kulul.

Qaabeynta elektarooniga ah ee Neodymium

Habaynta elegtarooniga ah:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Waxqabadka laser-ka ee neodymium waxaa sababa kala-guurka 4f orbital electrons ee u dhexeeya heerarka tamarta kala duwan. Qalabkan laser-ka ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa isgaarsiinta, kaydinta macluumaadka, daaweynta caafimaadka, mashiinnada, iwm. Waxaa ka mid ah, yttrium aluminium garnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa waxqabad aad u fiican, iyo Nd-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet oo leh heer sare. hufnaan.

Codsiga Neodymium

Isticmaalaha ugu weyn ee neodymium waa NdFeB maadada magnetka joogtada ah. Magnet NdFeB waxaa loogu yeeraa "boqorka magnets-ka joogtada ah" sababtoo ah badeecadeeda tamarta magnetic sare. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka elektiroonigga ah, mishiinnada iyo warshadaha kale si ay u muujiyaan waxqabadkooda wanaagsan. Francis Wall, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay macdan qodista ee Cumberland School of Mining, Jaamacadda Exeter, UK, ayaa yiri: "Marka la eego magnets, run ahaantii ma jiraan wax la tartami kara neodymium. Horumarka guusha leh ee Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer wuxuu muujinayaa in sifooyinka magnetic. Magnets-ka NdFeB ee Shiinaha waxay galeen heer caalami ah.

Neodymium magnet ku saabsan disk adag

Neodymium waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo dhoobada, galaas guduudan oo dhalaalaya, Ruby macmal ah oo leysarka ah iyo galaas gaar ah oo shaandheyn kara fallaadhaha infrared. Waxaa lala isticmaalaa praseodymium si loogu sameeyo muraayadaha muraayadaha wax lagu buufiyo.

Ku darida 1.5% ~ 2.5% nano neodymium oxide galay magnesium ama aluminium aluminium waxay hagaajin kartaa waxqabadka heerkulka sare, cidhiidhiga hawada iyo iska caabinta daxalka ee daawaha, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa sida qalabka hawada ee duulista.

Nano-yttrium aluminium garnet doped with nano-neodymium oxide waxay soo saartaa laydhka laser-gaaban, kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo alxanka iyo jarista walxaha khafiifka ah ee dhumucdiisuna tahay 10mm ee warshadaha.

Nd:YAG ul leysarka

Daawaynta daawaynta, nano yttrium aluminium garnet laser doped with nano neodymium oxide waxa loo isticmaalaa in meesha laga saaro nabarrada qaliinka ama jeermiska nabarrada halkii mindiyo qaliin.

Muraayada Neodymium waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu daro neodymium oxide dhalaalidda dhalada. Lavender wuxuu inta badan ka soo muuqdaa galaaska neodymium ee iftiinka qoraxda hoostiisa ama laambad dhalaalaysa, laakiin buluug khafiif ah ayaa ka muuqda iftiinka nalka. Neodymium waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu midabeeyo hadhka jilicsan ee galaaska sida violet saafi ah, khamri cas iyo cawl diiran.

galaas neodymium

Horumarinta sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada iyo fidinta iyo fidinta sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada dhifka ah ee dhulka, neodymium waxa ay yeelan doontaa meel ka faa'iidaysi balaadhan