Isingeniso ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba okungavamile
Izinto zomhlaba ezingandile zaziwa ngokuthi "amavithamini ezimboni", ezingenakufinyeleleka kahle kazibuthe, ama-optical ne-gesi, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukukhulisa izinhlobonhlobo zomkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yendima enkulu yomhlaba ongavamile, ukusetshenziswa kwamancanyana, sekuyinto ebalulekile yokwenza ngcono ukwakheka komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa inqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, yezobuchwepheshe, ithuthukiswe kabanzi nge-metallugy, ezempi, izidakamizwa ezintsha kanye nezinye izinkambu.
Imboni yeMetallurgical
Amadodana omhlaba omhlaba namaNuns asetshenzisiwe emkhakheni weMetallurgy iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, futhi asungule ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nobuchwepheshe obungaphezulu, imihlaba engavamile ensimbi, yindawo enkulu, inethemba elikhulu. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile noma i-fluoride, zilingisa zingezwe ngensimbi, zingadlala indima yokucolisiswa, ukufukuza, ukuphambanisa iphuzu lokungcolisa okulimazayo, futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi; Isetshenziswa kabanzi e-automobile, ugandaganda, injini yedizili kanye neminye imboni yokukhiqiza imishini, i-aluminum yomhlaba ingezwe ku-magnesium, i-aluminium, i-nicking, amazinga okushisa asemakamelweni kanye nezindawo zokushisa eziphakeme zokushisa kwama-alloys.
Ngoba imihlaba engavamile inezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-optical ne-electromagnetic, zingenza izinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izinto, ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi nokusebenza kweminye imikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kunegama "legolide lezimboni". Okokuqala, ukungezwa komhlaba okungavamile kungakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi, izindiza, imicibisholo, i-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy, ukusebenza kwe-titanium alloy, ukusebenza kwe-titanium alloy, ukusebenza kwe-titanium alloy, ukusebenza kwe-titanium alloy, ukusebenza kwe-titanium alloy, i-titanium alloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba ongavamile angasetshenziswa njenge-elekthronikhi, ama-lasers, imboni yenuzi, i-superconducting kanye nezinye izithambisi eziningi zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba obunqabile, oke wasetshenziswa empini, buzoletha ngokungenakuphikiswa nge-leap kwezempi nesayensi yezempi. Ngomqondo othile, ukulawulwa kwamasosha amasosha aseMelika ezimpi zasendaweni ezibandayo, kanye nekhono layo lokubulala isitha ngendlela engalawulwa futhi yomphakathi, kungenxa yekilasi layo elingu-Sure Earth SuperHuman.
Ama-petrochemicals
Imihlaba eyiRare ingasetjenziswa ensimini ye-petrochemical ukwenza ama-molecular adube ama-carlysts, anomsebenzi omuhle, ukuqinisekiswa okuhle, ukumelana okuqinile kobuthi bensimbi esindayo nezinye izinzuzo zenqubo yokuqhekeka kaphethiloli; IVolumu yayo yegesi yokwelashwa ikhudlwana izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kune-nickel aluminium catalyst, enqubweni yokuhlanganiswa kwe-shunbutyl rubber ne-aluminin aluminium umhlaba, ngokusebenza komkhiqizo kulungile, ngokusebenza okuncane, inqubo emfushane yokwelashwa kanye nezinye izinzuzo; njalo njalo.
I-Curamics ye-Glass
Umthamo wohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba ongabuyi eglasini laseChina kanye ne-Ceramic embonini ka-25% kusukela ngonyaka we-25% kusukela ngo-1988, futhi ama-ceramics acishe abe ngu-1600, futhi namalungu omhlaba ajwayelekile awekho kuphela izinto eziyisisekelo zemboni nempilo, kodwa futhi namalungu amakhulu enkundla ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe. I-Rare Earth Oxides noma i-Ared Earth Earth agxile ingasetshenziswa njengamandla asetshenziselwa i-polishing esetshenziswe kabanzi ku-Optical Glass, ama-Truccle ama-tubes, amashubhu we-oscilloscopetushwe, ingilazi yetafula lensimbi; Ukuze ususe umbala oluhlaza kusuka engilazini, okungeziwe kwe-Rare Earth Oxides kungakhiqiza ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kwengilazi ye-optical nengilazi ekhethekile, ku-acid-pross glass, i-acid-proful glass, i-ack-proof glass, i-ack-proof glass, ikwazi ukwehlisa ukuqhekeka kwe-glaze, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-ceramic.
Ezolimo
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinto zomhlaba ezingandile zingathuthukisa okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kwezitshalo, zithuthukise izithombe, zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, futhi kwandise ukumuncwa kwezakhi zohlelo lwezimpande. Imihlaba engavamile futhi ingakhuthaza ukuhluma kwembewu, yandise izinga lokuhluma imbewu, futhi likhuthaze ukukhula kwesithombo. Ngokungeziwe kulezi zindima ezinkulu ezingenhla, kepha futhi inamandla okwenza izilimo ezithile ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo, ukukhuzwa kwesomiso. Inani elikhulu lezifundo futhi libonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigxile ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezingandile kungakhuthaza ukumuncwa, ukuguqulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi zomzimba ezitshalweni. Ukufafaza umhlaba ongavamile kungathuthukisa okuqukethwe kwe-VC, okuqukethwe ushukela okuphelele kanye nesilinganiso se-Sugar-acid ye-Apple kanye nezithelo ze-apula nezithelo ze-citrus, futhi kukhuthaze imibala yezithelo kanye nokuqinisa imibala yezithelo nokuvimbela izithelo. Ingavimba amandla okuphefumula ngesikhathi sokugcina futhi inciphise izinga lokubola.
Izinto ezintsha
Umhlaba ongavamile uFerrite Boron unomphela wezinto zozibuthe, ngobude obukhulu obusalayo, amandla aphezulu ama-orthopedic kanye nokuqongelelwa kwamandla kazibuthe okuphezulu kanye nezinye izici, kusetshenziswa ama-turbines womoya (ikakhulukazi ama-run turbines (ikakhulukazi alungele izitshalo zakwagesi ezingasogwini); - I-Aluminium Garnets nengilazi ye-niobium eyenziwe kusuka ku-zirconium evukile ephezulu ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha eziqinile ze-laser; Ama-boroncans omhlaba angavamile angasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zika-Cathodic zikhishwe ngogesi; I-Niobium Nickel Metal iyinto esanda kuthuthukiswa i-hydrogen yesitoreji ngawo-1970; Futhi i-chromic acid iyisimo sokushisa esiphakeme kakhulu se-thermoelectric okwamanje, izinto ezinhle kakhulu ezenziwe nge-niobium-based oxygen oksides ngokuthuthuka kwe-nitrogen-based oxygen indawo yokushisa, eyenza impumelelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlaba engavamile nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi emithonjeni ekhanyayo efana nama-phosphors, ama-phosphors wesikrini athuthukisiwe, ama-phosphors akhanyayo ancipha kancane), amaphilisi wefoni wokufanisa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi; Kungandisa ukuphuma kwayo ngo-5 kuye ku-10%, embonini yezindwangu, umhlaba we-chloride we-rare futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthayishweni kwezimoto, futhi umhlaba ongenakuvusa, futhi imisebe evusa amakhaphethi, futhi imihlaba evuthayo ingasetshenziswa kuma-anvery aguquguqukayo we-catalytic,
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza
Izinto zomhlaba ezingandile zisetshenziswa nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yedijithali kufaka phakathi ukubonwa okulalelwayo, ukuthwebula izithombe, ezokuxhumana kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene yedijithali, ukuhlangabezana nesikhathi esincanyana, ukushesha, isikhathi eside, ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi, ukulondolozwa kwamandla nezinye izidingo eziningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, sekusetshenziswe futhi kumandla aluhlaza, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ukuthuthwa kanye nezinye izinkambu.