Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamilengokwazo zinezakhiwo ezicebile ze-elekthronikhi futhi zibonisa izakhiwo eziningi zokubuka, zikagesi, nezikazibuthe. Ngemuva kwe-nanomaterialization yomhlaba engavamile, ibonisa izici eziningi, njengomphumela wosayizi omncane, umphumela othize ophezulu, umphumela we-quantum, izakhiwo eziqinile ze-optical, zikagesi, kazibuthe, i-superconductivity, ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali aphezulu, njll., okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokusebenza. wezinto zokwakha nokuthuthukisa izinto eziningi ezintsha. Izodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezinto ezibonakalayo, izinto ezikhipha ukukhanya, izinto zekristalu, izinto kazibuthe, izinto zebhethri, i-Electroceramics, i-ceramics yobunjiniyela, ama-catalysts, njll.?
1. Ucwaningo lwentuthuko yamanje kanye nezinkambu zezicelo
1. Izinto ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo zomhlaba: Impushana ye-nano fluorescent yomhlaba engavamile (impushana ye-TV yombala, impushana yesibani), ngokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo okuthuthukisiwe, izonciphisa kakhulu inani lomhlaba ongavamile osetshenzisiwe. Ikakhulukazi usebenzisaY2O3, I-Eu2O3, Tb4O7, CeO2, Gd2O3. Ikhandidethi Izinto Ezintsha Zethelevishini Echaza Umbala Ephakeme.?
2. Izinto zokwakha ze-Nano superconducting: Ama-superconductors e-YBCO alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa i-Y2O3, ikakhulukazi izinto zefilimu ezacile, anokusebenza okuzinzile, amandla aphezulu, ukucubungula kalula, eduze nesiteji esisebenzayo, namathemba abanzi.?
3. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe ze-nano yomhlaba ezingavamile: ezisetshenziselwa inkumbulo kazibuthe, uketshezi kazibuthe, i-giant magnetoresistance, njll., kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza, okwenza amadivaysi asebenze kakhulu futhi abe ne-miniaturized. Isibonelo, okuqondiwe kwe-oxide giant magnetoresistance (REMnO3, njll.).?
4. Izitsha ze-ceramics ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zomhlaba: I-Electroceramics (izinzwa zikagesi, izinto ze-PTC, izinto ze-microwave, ama-capacitor, ama-thermistors, njll.) ezilungiselelwe nge-ultra-fine noma i-nanometer Y2O3, La2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, njll., izakhiwo zayo zikagesi, ezishisayo izakhiwo, nokuzinza kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa izinto zikagesi. I-Ceramics efakwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, njenge-nano Y2O3 ne-ZrO2, inamandla aqinile nokuqina, futhi isetshenziswa kumadivayisi angagugi njengama-bearings namathuluzi okusika; Ukusebenza kwama-multilayer capacitor namadivayisi we-microwave enziwe nge-nano Nd2O3, Sm2O3, njll. kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.?
5. Ama-nanocatalysts omhlaba angavamile: Ezingxenyeni eziningi zamakhemikhali, ama-catalysts angavamile emhlabeni asetshenziswa. Uma kusetshenziswa ama-nanocatalysts omhlaba angavamile, umsebenzi wabo we-catalytic kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. I-CeO2 nano powder yamanje inezinzuzo zomsebenzi ophezulu, intengo ephansi kanye nempilo ende yesevisi kumshini wokukhipha umoya wemoto, futhi ithathe indawo yezinsimbi eziningi eziyigugu, ngokusetshenziswa konyaka kwezinkulungwane zamathani.?
6. Isibambisi se-ultraviolet somhlaba esingavamile:Nano CeO2impushana imunca ngokuqinile emisebe ye-ultraviolet, futhi isetshenziswa ezimonyoni zokuvikela ilanga, imicu yokuvikela ilanga, ingilazi yemoto, njll.?
7. Ukupholisha ukunemba komhlaba okungajwayelekile: I-CeO2 inomphumela omuhle wokupholisha engilazini nakwezinye izinto. I-Nano CeO2 inokunemba okuphezulu kokupholisha futhi isetshenziswe ekuboniseni ikristalu ewuketshezi, amawafa e-silicon, indawo yokugcina ingilazi, njll. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials omhlaba angavamile kusanda kuqala futhi kugxile emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, neziphezulu. inani elengeziwe, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza, amandla amakhulu, kanye namathemba okuhweba athembisayo.?
2. Ukulungiselela ubuchwepheshe
Njengamanje, kokubili ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials kudonse ukunaka okuvela emazweni ahlukahlukene. I-nanotechnology yaseChina iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni noma ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo kwenziwe ngempumelelo ku-nanoscale SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZnO2, Fe2O3 nezinye izinto zempushana. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yamanje yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza ubuthakathaka bayo obubulalayo, obuzothinta ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwama-nanomaterials. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka.?
Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi esikhethekile kanye ne-Atomic radius enkulu yezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, izakhiwo zabo zamakhemikhali zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izakhi. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokulungiselela kanye nobuchwepheshe bangemva kokwelashwa kwe-nano oxides yomhlaba engavamile nayo ihlukile kwezinye izakhi. Izindlela zocwaningo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:?
1. Indlela yemvula: okuhlanganisa i-oxalic acid precipitation, carbonate precipitation, hydroxide precipitation, homogeneous precipitation, complexation precipitation, njll. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke sale ndlela ukuthi ikhambi libamba ngokushesha, kulula ukulawula, imishini ilula, futhi ingakhiqiza. imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Kodwa kunzima ukuhlunga futhi kulula ukuhlanganisa?
2. Indlela ye-Hydrothermal: Sheshisa futhi uqinise ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis yama-ion ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa nezingcindezi, futhi wenze ama-nanocrystalline nuclei ahlakazekile. Le ndlela ingathola ama-nanometer powders ngokuhlakazeka okufanayo kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane, kodwa idinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nemishini yokucindezela okuphezulu, ebizayo futhi engaphephile ukuyisebenzisa.
3. Indlela yejeli: Iyindlela ebalulekile yokulungiselela izinto ezingaphili, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezingaphili. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ama-organometallic compounds noma ama-organic complexes angakha i-sol ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization noma i-hydrolysis, futhi yakhe ijeli ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kokushisa kungakhiqiza ama-noodle Elayisi e-ultrafine anendawo enkulu ethize kanye nokuhlakazeka okungcono. Le ndlela ingenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile, okuholela ekubeni impushana enendawo enkulu kanye ne-dispersibility engcono. Nokho, isikhathi sokusabela side futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuqeda, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni?
4. Indlela yesigaba esiqinile: ukubola kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwenziwa ngenhlanganisela eqinile noma ukusabela okuphakathi kwe-Dry media. Isibonelo, i-earth nitrate ne-oxalic acid zixutshwa ukugaya kwebhola lesigaba esiqinile ukuze kwakheke indawo emaphakathi yomhlaba eyi-Oxalate engavamile, ebese iboliswa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kutholwe impushana ecwebezelayo. Le ndlela inezinga eliphezulu lokusabela kahle, okokusebenza okulula, nokusebenza okulula, kodwa impushana ewumphumela ine-morphology engavamile kanye nokufana okungekuhle.?
Lezi zindlela azihlukile futhi zingase zingasebenzi ngokugcwele ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungiselela, njenge-organic microemulsion method, alcoholysis, njll.?
3. Inqubekelaphambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngokuvamile akusebenzisi indlela eyodwa, kodwa kunalokho kusebenzisa amandla futhi kugcwalise ubuthakathaka, futhi kuhlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nenqubo ephephile nephumelelayo edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe uhwebo. I-Guangdong Huizhou Ruier Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. isanda kwenza inqubekelaphambili yezimboni ekuthuthukiseni ama-nanomaterials omhlaba ayivelakancane. Ngemuva kwezindlela eziningi zokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa okungenakubalwa, indlela efaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni - indlela yejeli ye-microwave itholwe. Inzuzo enkulu yalobu buchwepheshe ukuthi: ukusabela kwejeli yezinsuku eziyi-10 kufinyezwa kusuku olu-1, ukuze ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kukhuphuke izikhathi eziyi-10, izindleko zincishiswe kakhulu, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo lihle, indawo engaphezulu inkulu. , ukusabela kwesilingo somsebenzisi kuhle, intengo iphansi ngo-30% kunaleyo yemikhiqizo yaseMelika neyaseJapane, encintisana kakhulu emazweni ngamazwe, Finyelela izinga elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe.?
Muva nje, izivivinyo zezimboni zenziwe kusetshenziswa indlela yemvula, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa amanzi e-ammonia ne-ammonia carbonate ukuze kunemvula, futhi kusetshenziswa izinyibilikisi zemvelo ukuze kuphele amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo. Le ndlela inenqubo elula nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa izinga lomkhiqizo liphansi, futhi kusekhona ama-agglomerations adinga ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe.?
I-China iyizwe elikhulu elinemithombo yomhlaba engavamile. Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials omhlaba angavamile kuye kwavula izindlela ezintsha zokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane, kwandise ububanzi bezicelo zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, kwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezintsha, kwenyusa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme emazweni angaphandle, futhi kwathuthukiswa amazwe angaphandle. ukushintshana ngamakhono okuzuza. Lokhu kunokubaluleka okungokoqobo okubalulekile ekuguquleni izinzuzo zezinsiza zibe izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2023