I-Ceriumiyinsimbi empunga futhi ephilayo enobuningi obungu-6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (ikristalu enehexagonal), indawo encibilikayo engu-795 ℃, indawo yokubila engu-3443 ℃, kanye ne-ductility. Iyinsimbi ye-lanthanide egcwele ngokwemvelo. Imichilo ye-cerium egobile ivame ukuchaphaza izinhlansi.
I-Ceriumifakwa i-oxid kalula ekamelweni lokushisa futhi ilahlekelwa ukucwebezela kwayo emoyeni. Ingashiswa emoyeni ngokuklwebha ngommese (i-cerium ehlanzekile ayijwayele ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ijwayele ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo lapho i-oxidized kancane noma ihlanganiswe nensimbi). Uma kushisa, kuyasha emoyeni ukukhiqiza i-ceria. Ingasabela ngamanzi abilayo ukuze ikhiqize i-cerium hydroxide, encibilika ku-asidi kodwa engancibiliki ku-alkali.
1. Imfihlakalo yesici se-cerium
I-Cerium,enenombolo ye-athomu engu-58, ingekaizakhi zomhlaba ezingavamilefuthi iyisici se-lanthanide kuQembu IIIB yohlelo lwesithupha lwezikhathi. Uphawu lwayo oluyisisekelo nguCe, futhi iyinsimbi esebenzayo empunga. Impushana yayo ijwayele ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni futhi incibilika kalula kuma-acids kanye nama-ejenti anciphisayo. Igama elithi cerium livela eqinisweni lokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cerium oqweqweni lomhlaba cishe ku-0.0046%, okuyenza ibe ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba eyivelakancane.
Emndenini wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, i-cerium ngokungangabazeki "umfowethu omkhulu". Okokuqala, inala yonke yomhlaba eyivelakancane kuqweqwe loMhlaba ingu-238 ppm, kanti i-cerium ibalwa ku-68 ppm, okungamaphesenti angama-28 engqikithi yokusatshalaliswa komhlaba okuyivelakancane futhi ibalwa kuqala; Okwesibili, i-cerium yayiyingxenye yesibili yomhlaba engavamile etholakala eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngemva kokutholakala kwei-yttriumngo-1794. Njengamanje, imininingwane efanele ibuyekeziwe, ungabheka iwebhusayithi yolwaziizindaba zebhizinisi.
2. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-cerium
1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihambisana nemvelo, uhlelo lokusebenza olumele kakhulu okungama-catalysts okuhlanza umoya wezimoto. Ukwengeza i-cerium kuma-ternary catalysts asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinsimbi eziyigugu njengeplatinamu, i-rhodium, i-palladium, njll. kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-catalyst futhi kunciphise inani lezinsimbi eziyigugu ezisetshenziswayo. Ukungcola okuyinhloko emagesini akhipha umoya yi-carbon monoxide, ama-hydrocarbon, nama-ammonia oxides, angathinta uhlelo lwe-hematopoietic yomuntu, enze intuthu enobuthi obuyi-photochemical, futhi akhiqize amagciwane, abangele umonakalo kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni. Ubuchwepheshe be-ternary purification bungakhipha ngokugcwele ama-hydrocarbon ne-carbon monoxide ukuze kukhiqizwe i-carbon dioxide namanzi, futhi bubolise ama-oxide abe yi-ammonia nomoya-mpilo (kungakho igama elithi ternary catalysis).
2. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwezinsimbi eziyingozi: I-Cerium sulfide ingangena esikhundleni sezinsimbi ezinjengomthofu ne-cadmium eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile nakubantu njenge-ejenti yombala obomvu yamapulasitiki. Ingasetshenziswa nasezimbonini ezinjengama-coatings, oyinki namaphepha. Izinhlanganisela ze-organic ezifana ne-cerium rich light light cyclic acid salts nazo zisetshenziswa njengama-ejenti okomisa upende, iziqinisi zepulasitiki ze-PVC, nezilungisi zenayiloni ze-MC. Angakwazi ukuthatha indawo yezinto ezinobuthi njengosawoti omthofu futhi anciphise izinto ezibizayo njengosawoti wokubhola. 3. Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezifana ne-cerium, zingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo, zikhulise isivuno, futhi zithuthukise ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo. Isetshenziswa njengesengezo sokuphakelayo, ingakhuphula izinga lokukhiqiza amaqanda ezinkukhu kanye nezinga lokusinda kokulima kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yoboya bezimvu ezinezinwele ezinde.
3. Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ze-cerium
1.I-Cerium oxide- i-inorganic substance enefomula yamakhemikhaliCeO2, impushana eyisizayo ensundu ngokukhanyayo noma ephuzi. Ukuminyana 7.13g/cm3, indawo encibilikayo 2397 ℃, ayincibiliki emanzini ne-alkali, inyibilika kancane ku-asidi. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhlanganisa izinto zokupholisha, ama-catalysts, ama-catalyst carriers (izithasiselo), izinto zokudonsa i-ultraviolet, ama-electrolyte amangqamuzana kaphethiloli, ama-absorber exhaust yezimoto, izitsha zobumba zikagesi, njll.
2. I-Cerium sulfide - enefomula yamangqamuzana i-CeS, i-pigment ebomvu entsha eluhlaza futhi evumelana nemvelo esetshenziswa emkhakheni wamapulasitiki, amapende, amapende, ama-pigments, njll. Kuyinto ebomvu eyimpuphu enesigaba esiphuzi se-pigment ye-inorganic. Iyingxenye ye-pigments ye-inorganic, inamandla ombala aqinile, umbala ogqamile, ukumelana kahle kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokukhanya, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, amandla okumboza amahle kakhulu, ukungafuduki, futhi iyindlela enhle kakhulu ethatha indawo yezibala zensimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-cadmium ebomvu.
3. I-Cerium chloride- eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cerium trichloride, iyi-anhydrousi-cerium chloridenoma inhlanganisela enamanzi ye-cerium chloride ecasula amehlo, uhlelo lokuphefumula, nesikhumba. Isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana ne-petroleum catalysts, i-catalysts exhaust yezimoto, ama-intermediate compounds, kanye nasekukhiqizeniinsimbi ye-cerium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2024