Igadiki, element 64 yetafula lesikhathi.
ILanthanide etafuleni lesikhathi ingumndeni omkhulu, futhi izakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali zifana kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzihlukanisa. Ngo-1789, usomakhemikhali waseFinland uJohn Gadolin wathola i-oxide yensimbi wathola indawo yokuqala engandile you oxide -Ytttrium (iii) oxideNgokuhlaziywa, ukuvula umlando wokuthola kwezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile. Ngo-1880, uDemeriak waseSweden Demeniak wathola izinto ezimbili ezintsha, enye yazo yaqinisekiswa ukuthi iyikhoiSamurium, kanti enye yahlonzwa ngokusemthethweni njengento entsha, iGadinium, ngemuva kokuhlanzwa ngudokotela wamakhemikhali waseFrance uDebuwa Bongaland.
Into ye-Gadolimium ivela eSilicon Beryllium Gadolium Ore, okushibhile, ithambile ngokuthungwa, okuhle ku-coutility, ama-magnetic emazingeni okushisa aseMhlabeni angajwayelekile. Kuzinzile emoyeni owomile, kepha ulahlekelwa yi-luster yayo emswakama, wakhela ama-flake akhululekile futhi avinjelwe kalula njenge-oxides emhlophe. Lapho ushiswa emoyeni, kungakhiqiza okoxide omhlophe. IGadinium iphendula kancane ngamanzi futhi ingancibilikisa nge-acid ukuze kwakhiwe usawoti ongenamibala. Izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zifana kakhulu nenye i-lanthanide, kepha izakhiwo zayo zokubona nezezibuthe zihlukile kancane. IGadinium yi-paramagnetism egumbini lokushisa lasekamelweni naseFerromagnetic ngemuva kokuphola. Izici zalo zingasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ama-magna anaphakade.
Usebenzisa i-paramagnetism of Gadolimium, i-ejenti yeGadinium ekhiqizwa iye yaba yi-ejenti enhle ye-NMR. Ucwaningo lwe-Self of of nuclear magnetic resonance technology selisunguliwe, futhi kube nemiklomelo engu-6 kaNobel ehlobene nayo. Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla kazibuthe wenuzi kudalwa ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza kwe-spin of athomu, kanye nokunyakaza kwe-spin of atomic nuclei okuhlukile kuyahluka. Ngokusekelwe kumagagasi we-electromagnetic akhishwe yi-attenuation ehlukene ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezihlelekile, isikhundla nohlobo lwe-athomu nuclei eyakha le nto kunganqunywa, futhi isithombe sangaphakathi sesakhiwo sento singadonswa. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kazibuthe, isibonakaliso sobuchwepheshe bezinkambuzane ze-nuclear pagnetic resonance imaging technology liqhamuka eSpide of athomun nuclei, njenge-hydrogen nuclei emanzini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinqwaba ze-nuclei ezinekhono zifudunyezwa emkhakheni we-RF we-magnetic resonance, ezifana ne-oven ye-microwave, evame ukwenza buthaka isiginali yobuchwepheshe bokucabanga ababonile bamazibuthe. IGadinium Ion ayigcini nje ngokuba nesikhashana esinamandla kakhulu se-spin magnetic magrenetic, esiza i-spin ye-athomu i-nucleus, ithuthukisa amathuba wokuqashelwa wezicubu ezigulayo, kodwa futhi zigcina zipholile. Kodwa-ke, iGadinium inobuthi obuthile, futhi kwezokwelapha, izintambo zokuhlobisa zisetshenziselwa ukubiza ama-gadolium ama-gadolium ukuze abavimbele ekungeneni izicubu zomuntu.
IGadinium inomphumela oqinile wokuzikhuphuka emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, futhi izinga lokushisa kwalo liyahlukahluka ngamandla kazibuthe, okwenza isicelo esijabulisayo - isiqandisi samazibuthe. Ngesikhathi senqubo yesiqandisi, ngenxa yokuqagela kwe-dipole kazibuthe, izinto ezibukwe zizoshisa ngaphansi kwangaphansi kwamandla kazibuthe zangaphandle. Lapho amandla kazibuthe esuswa futhi efakwa ngaphakathi, izinga lokushisa lezinto liyancipha. Lolu hlobo lokupholisa kazibuthe lunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kweziqandisi Njengamanje, umhlaba uzama ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-gadunimium nama-alloys awo kulo mkhakha, futhi ukhiqize okupholile okuncane nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwe-gadolimium, amazinga okushisa aphansi we-ultra angatholakala, ngakho-ke uGadinium uyaziwa nangokuthi "i-metal ebanda kakhulu emhlabeni".
I-Gadolimium isotopes GD-155 ne-GD-157 inesigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke sokumunca i-neutron Amunction Cross Cross phakathi kwawo wonke ama-isotopes wemvelo, futhi angasebenzisa inani elincane le-gaduinium ukulawula ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwama-reactor zenuzi. Ngakho-ke, ama-Gadolinium anciphisa amanzi akhanyayo kanye ne-gadinium control rod azalwa, engathuthukisa ukuphepha kwama-reactors enuzi ngenkathi enciphisa izindleko.
IGadinium ibuye inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Optical futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-worators obonakalayo, afana nama-diodes emijikelezo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-diode ahlwitting. Lolu hlobo lwe-diode elikhanyiswe ukukhanya aluvumelani nje ukuKhanya ukuthi kudlule endaweni eyodwa, kepha futhi kuvimba ukuboniswa kwezihlakala ku-fiber optical, kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kokudluliselwa kwamagagasi akhanyayo. IGadinium Gallium Garnet ingenye yezinto ezihle kakhulu zokwenza izinto zokwakha ama-worates.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-06-2023