I-Tantalumiyinsimbi yesithathu ephikisayo ngemvai-tungstenfuthii-rhenium. I-Tantalum inochungechunge lwezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezifana ne-high melting point, umfutho we-vapor ophansi, ukusebenza kahle okubandayo okubandayo, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali aphezulu, ukumelana okuqinile nokugqwala kwensimbi ewuketshezi, kanye nefilimu ye-dielectric ephezulu yefilimu ye-oxide. Inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njenge-electronics, i-metallurgy, insimbi, imboni yamakhemikhali, ama-alloys aqinile, amandla e-athomu, ubuchwepheshe be-superconducting, i-automotive electronics, i-aerospace, imithi kanye nezempilo, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-tantalum yi-tantalum capacitors.
Yatholwa kanjani i-tantalum?
Maphakathi nekhulu lesi-7, i-mineral enzima emnyama eyatholwa eNyakatho Melika yathunyelwa eMnyuziyamu waseBrithani ukuze igcinwe. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-150, kwaze kwaba ngu-1801, usokhemisi waseBrithani uCharles Hatchett wamukela umsebenzi wokuhlaziya le minerali eBritish Museum futhi wathola isici esisha kuyo, wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Columbium (kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Niobium). Ngo-1802, usokhemisi waseSweden u-Anders Gustav Eckberg wathola into entsha ngokuhlaziya i-mineral (i-niobium tantalum ore) eNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia, eyayiguqule i-asidi yayo ibe usawoti ophindwe kabili we-fluoride yase iphinde yahlanganiswa. Waqamba lesi sici ngokuthi Tantalum ngoTantalus, indodana kaZeus ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki.
Ngo-1864, uChristian William Blomstrang, Henry Edin St. Clair Deville, noLouis Joseph Trost bakufakazela ngokucacile ukuthi i-tantalum ne-niobium yizakhi zamakhemikhali ezimbili ezihlukene futhi banquma amafomula amakhemikhali kwezinye izinhlanganisela ezihlobene. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Demalinia yashisisa i-tantalum chloride endaweni ye-hydrogen futhi yakhiqiza insimbi ye-tantalum okokuqala ngqa ngokusabela kokunciphisa. U-Werner Bolton waqala ukwenza insimbi ehlanzekile ye-tantalum ngo-1903. Ososayensi baba ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela ye-crystallization enezingqimba ukuze bakhiphe i-tantalum ku-niobium. Le ndlela yatholwa yiDemalinia ngo-1866. Indlela esetshenziswa ososayensi namuhla iwukukhipha i-solvent yezixazululo ze-tantalum ezine-fluoride.
Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-tantalum
Nakuba i-tantalum yatholakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwaze kwaba ngo-1903 lapho i-metallic tantalum yakhiqizwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-tantalum kwaqala ngo-1922. 1956. I-United States yaba izwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuqala ukukhiqiza i-tantalum, futhi yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-metallic tantalum ngo-1922. I-Japan kanye namanye amazwe onxiwankulu aqala ukuthuthukisa imboni ye-tantalum ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 noma ekuqaleni kwawo-1960. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yentuthuko, ukukhiqizwa kwemboni ye-tantalum emhlabeni wonke sekufinyelele izinga elikhulu. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, kube nezinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu ezikhiqiza i-tantalum: I-Cabot Group yase-United States, i-HCST Group yaseJalimane, kanye ne-Ningxia Oriental Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. yase-China. Lawa maqembu amathathu akhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-80% wesamba semikhiqizo ye-tantalum emhlabeni. Imikhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo, nezinga lemishini yemboni ye-tantalum phesheya ngokuvamile liphezulu, elihlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko esheshayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba.
Imboni ye-tantalum e-China yaqala ngawo-1960. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuncibilikiswa nokucutshungulwa kwe-tantalum eShayina, izinga lokukhiqiza, izinga lobuchwepheshe, izinga lomkhiqizo, kanye nekhwalithi kwakungemuva kakhulu kwamazwe athuthukile. Kusukela ngawo-1990, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-1995, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-tantalum e-China kubonise ukuthuthuka okusheshayo. Kulezi zinsuku, imboni ye-tantalum yaseShayina isizuze uguquko ukusuka kwencane kuye kwenkulu, isuka kwezempi iye kweyabantu abavamile, futhi isuka yangaphakathi iye yangaphandle, yakha uhlelo lwezimboni okuwukuphela kwalo emhlabeni kusukela kwezimbiwa phansi, ukuncibilikisa, ukucutshungulwa kuya ekusetshenzisweni. Imikhiqizo ephezulu, ephakathi, kanye nesezingeni eliphansi ingene emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zonke izici. I-China isiyizwe lesithathu elinamandla emhlabeni ekuncibilikiseni nasekucutshungulweni kwe-tantalum, futhi selingene ezinhlwini zamazwe amakhulu emhlabeni emboni ye-tantalum.
Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni ye-Tantalum e-China
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-tantalum yaseChina kubhekene nezinkinga ezithile. Uma kukhona ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemithombo eyivelakancane. Izici zemithombo ye-tantalum efakazelwe yaseChina ziyimithambo yamaminerali ehlakazekile, ukwakheka kwamaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi, izinga eliphansi le-Ta2O5 ku-ore yasekuqaleni, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokushumeka amaminerali amahle, kanye nemithombo yezomnotho elinganiselwe, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha izimayini ezinkulu futhi. Nakuba i-tantalum enkului-niobiumamadiphozithi atholakele eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimo ezinemininingwane yokwakheka komhlaba kanye nezimbiwa phansi, kanye nokuhlolwa komnotho, akucaci. Ngakho-ke, kunezinkinga ezibalulekile mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusetshenziswa kwe-tantalum eChina.
Imboni ye-tantalum eShayina nayo ibhekene nenye inselele, okungamandla okuthuthukiswa okwanele kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi nakuba ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yemboni ye-tantalum yaseChina yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu futhi inamandla okukhiqiza ukukhiqiza uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-tantalum, isimo esinamahloni somthamo omkhulu phakathi kuya ekupheleni okuphansi kanye nomthamo onganele wokukhiqiza we-high-end. imikhiqizo efana nomthamo othize ophezulu we-high-voltage tantalum powder nezinto ezihlosiwe ze-tantalum zama-semiconductors kunzima ukuhlehla. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi namandla anganele okushayela ezimboni zasekhaya zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu embonini ye-tantalum yaseChina kuthintekile. Ngokombono wamabhizinisi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-tantalum akunaso isiqondiso nomthetho. Eminyakeni yakamuva, amabhizinisi e-tantalum ancibilikisa futhi acutshungulwa athuthuke ngokushesha ukusuka kweyi-5 kuye kwangama-20, ngokuphindaphindeka okunzima kokwakhiwa kanye nekhono elivelele.
Eminyakeni yokusebenza kwamazwe ngamazwe, amabhizinisi aseShayina e-tantalum athuthukise izinqubo zawo kanye nemishini, anda isikali somkhiqizo, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nekhwalithi, futhi angena ezinhlwini zokukhiqiza kanye namazwe okusebenza embonini ye-tantalum. Inqobo nje uma siqhubeka nokuxazulula izinkinga zezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimboni, imboni ye-tantalum yaseChina nakanjani izongena ezinhlwini zemibuso yomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-05-2024