Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezibalulekile ezingavamile: Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-yttrium oxide powder?

Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezibalulekile ezingavamile: Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-yttrium oxide powder?

I-Rare Earth iyinsiza yamasu ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi inendima engenakuthathelwa indawo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Ingilazi yemoto, i-nuclear magnetic resonance, i-optical fibre, i-liquid crystal display, njll. azihlukaniseki ekufakweni komhlaba ongavamile. Phakathi kwazo, i-yttrium (Y) ingenye yezinto ezingavamile zensimbi yomhlaba futhi iwuhlobo lwensimbi empunga. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba, intengo ishibhile futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi.Emikhiqizweni yamanje yezenhlalo, isetshenziswa kakhulu esimweni se-yttrium alloy ne-yttrium oxide.

I-Yttrium Metal
Phakathi kwazo, i-yttrium oxide (Y2O3) iyinhlanganisela ebaluleke kakhulu ye-yttrium. Ayincibiliki emanzini kanye ne-alkali, incibilika ku-asidi, futhi inokubukeka kwempushana emhlophe ecwebezelayo (isakhiwo sekristalu singesohlelo lwe-cubic). Inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi ingaphansi kwe-vacuum. I-volatility ephansi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, i-dielectric ephezulu, ukukhanya (i-infrared) nezinye izinzuzo, ngakho-ke isetshenziswe emikhakheni eminingi. Yiziphi eziqondile?Ake sibheke.

Isakhiwo sekristalu se-yttrium oxide

01 Ukwenziwa kwe-yttrium ezinzile i-zirconia powder. Izinguquko zesigaba ezilandelayo zizokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa kwe-ZrO2 emsulwa ukusuka kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kuya ekamelweni lokushisa: isigaba se-cubic (c) → isigaba se-tetragonal (t) → isigaba se-monoclinic (m), lapho i-t izokwenzeka ku-1150°C →ushintsho lwesigaba, okuhambisana nokwanda komthamo cishe ngo-5%. Kodwa-ke, uma iphoyinti lokushintsha lesigaba se-t→m le-ZrO2 lizinzelwa ekamelweni lokushisa, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esingu-t→m kubangelwa ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokulayisha.Ngenxa yomphumela wevolumu okhiqizwa ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, inani elikhulu lamandla okuphuka liyamuncwa. , ukuze okokusebenza kubonise amandla okuphuka okuphezulu ngokungavamile, ukuze impahla ibonise ukuqina kokuphuka okuphezulu ngokungavamile, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwesigaba ukuqina, nokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu. ucansi.

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwesigaba ukuqiniswa kwe-zirconia ceramics, i-stabilizer ethile kufanele yengezwe futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokudubula, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elizinzile lesigaba se-tetragonal meta-stabilization kuya ekamelweni lokushisa, lithola isigaba se-tetragonal esingashintshwa ngesigaba ekushiseni kwekamelo. . Kungumphumela wokuzinza we-stabilizers ku-zirconia. I-Y2O3 iyi-zirconium oxide stabilizer ecwaningwe kakhulu kuze kube manje.Impahla ye-Y-TZP ene-sintered inezici ezinhle kakhulu zomshini ekamelweni lokushisa, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle kokuphuka, kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu wento ekuhlanganisweni kwayo kuncane futhi okufanayo, ngakho kudonse ukunaka okwengeziwe. 02 Izinsiza zokucupha Ukucwiliswa kwezitsha zobumba ezikhethekile kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kwezinsiza-kusinta. Indima yezinsiza zokucula ingahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ibe yizingxenye ezilandelayo: ukwakha isixazululo esiqinile nge-sinter;Vimbela ukuguqulwa kwefomu lekristalu; vimbela ukukhula kwezinhlamvu zekristalu; khiqiza isigaba se-liquid. Isibonelo, ekufakweni kwe-alumina, i-magnesium oxide MgO ivamise ukungezwa njenge-microstructure stabilizer ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa. Ingakwazi ukucwenga okusanhlamvu, inciphise kakhulu umehluko kumandla omngcele wokusanhlamvu, yenza buthaka i-anisotropy yokukhula okusanhlamvu, futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokusanhlamvu Okungapheli. Njengoba i-MgO iguquguquka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle, i-Yttrium oxide ivame ukuxutshwa ne-MgO. I-Y2O3 ingacwenga izinhlamvu zekristalu futhi ikhuthaze ukuminyana kwe-sintering. I-03YAG powder synthetic yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12) iyinhlanganisela eyenziwe ngumuntu, awekho amaminerali emvelo, angenambala, ubulukhuni be-Mohs bungafinyelela ku-8.5, iphuzu lokuncibilika ku-1950 ℃, olungancibiliki ku-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-hydrofluoric acid, njll. indlela yesigaba esiqinile sokushisa okuphezulu iyindlela evamile yokulungiselela i-YAG i-powder.Ngokwesilinganiso esitholakala kumdwebo wesigaba kanambambili we-yttrium oxide ne-aluminium oxide, lezi zimpushana ezimbili zixutshwe futhi zishiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi i-YAG powder yenziwa ngokusabela kwesigaba esiqinile phakathi kwama-oxides. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, ekuphenduleni kwe-alumina ne-yttrium oxide, i-mesophases YAM ne-YAP izokwakhiwa kuqala, futhi ekugcineni i-YAG izokwakhiwa.

Indlela yesigaba esiqinile yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu yokulungiselela i-YAG powder inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Isibonelo, usayizi wayo webhondi ye-Al-O mncane futhi amandla ebhondi aphezulu. Ngaphansi komthelela wama-electron, ukusebenza kwe-optical kugcinwa kuzinzile, futhi ukwethulwa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-luminescence ye-phosphor.Futhi i-YAG ingaba i-phosphor ngokusebenzisa i-doping nge-trivalent ion yomhlaba engavamile njenge-Ce3+ ne-Eu3+. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikristalu ye-YAG inokungafihli okuhle, izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali ezizinzile, amandla aphezulu emishini, kanye nokumelana okuhle kokunyakaza okushisayo. Kuyi-laser crystal material enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo nokusebenza okuhle.

I-YAG crystal 04 i-ceramic yttrium oxide esobala ibilokhu igxile ocwaningweni emkhakheni wezitsha zobumba ezibonisa ngale. Iyingxenye ye-cubic crystal system futhi inezakhiwo ze-isotropic ze-axis ngayinye. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-anisotropy ye-alumina esobala, isithombe asihlanekezelwe kancane, ngakho Kancane kancane, siye saziswa futhi sathuthukiswa ngamalensi aphezulu noma amafasitela okukhanya ezempi. Izici eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali yilezi: ①Iphuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika,Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali nesithombe kuhle, futhi uhla lokubonakala obala lubanzi (0.23~8.0μm); ②Ku-1050nm, inkomba yayo ye-refractive iphezulu njengo-1.89, okuyenza ibe nokudluliswa kwethiyori okungaphezu kuka-80%; ③I-Y2O3 inokwanele ukumboza iningi Igebe lebhendi elisuka ebhendini enkulu yokuqhuba ukuya kubhande le-valence lezinga lokukhishwa kwe-trivalent ye-ion yomhlaba eyivelakancane lingalungiswa ngempumelelo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-doping yama-ion omhlaba ayivelakancane.Ukuze kubonakale ukusebenza okuningi kokusetshenziswa kwayo ; ④Amandla ephonon aphansi, futhi imvamisa yayo ephezulu yokunqanyulwa kwephonon icishe ibe ngu-550cm-1. Amandla ephonon aphansi angacindezela amathuba okuguquguquka okungasebenzisi imisebe, andise amathuba okushintsha kwemisebe, futhi athuthukise Ukusebenza kahle kwe-luminescence quantum; ⑤I-thermal conductivity ephezulu, cishe 13.6W/(m·K), izinga eliphezulu le-thermal conductivity ngokwedlulele

kubalulekile kuwo njengento eqinile ye-laser medium.

I-Yttrium oxide transparent ceramics eyakhiwe yi-Japan's Kamishima Chemical Company

Iphuzu lokuncibilika le-Y2O3 licishe libe ngu-2690℃, futhi izinga lokushisa le-sintering ekamelweni lokushisa licishe libe ngu-1700~1800℃. Ukwenza i-ceramics yokudlulisa ukukhanya, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukucindezela okushisayo nokushisa. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali, i-Y2O3 i-ceramics ebonakalayo isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi okungenzeka ithuthukiswe, okuhlanganisa: amafasitela e-missile infrared ne-domes, amalensi abonakalayo kanye ne-infrared, izibani zokukhipha igesi ezinomfutho ophezulu, ama-ceramic scintillators, ama-laser e-ceramic nezinye izinkambu.