AIsingathekiso esivamile ukuthi uma uwoyela uyigazi lomkhakha, khona-keUmhlaba ongavamilei-vithamini yemboni.
Umhlaba ongavamileisifinyezo seqembu lezinsimbi.Umhlaba ongavamileIzinto, ree) zitholakele ngemuva kokuphela kwekhulu le-18. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-17 zeRee, kufaka phakathi ama-lanthanides ayi-15 etafuleni lezikhathi zamakhemikhali-uhlobo linthanum(La),umrintshi(CE),I-PraseOdDODYIUM(Pr),needymium(ND), i-Promethimium (PM), futhi ngakho-ke i-Onat Present, isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-elekthronikhi, ama-petrochemicals kanye ne-metallurgy. Cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5, ososayensi bangathola ukusetshenziswa okusha komhlaba okungavamile, futhi kwawo wonke amasu ayisithupha angeke ahlukaniswe kusukaUmhlaba ongavamile.
I-China inothile ngaphakathiUmhlaba ongavamileamaminerali, sisezingeni lokuqala emazweni amathathu: owokuqala ekugcinweni kwezinsizakusebenza, accounting cishe ama-23%; Okuphumayo kungokokuqala, ukubalwa kwama-80% kuya ku-90% wezimpahla zomhlaba ezingandile; IVolumu Yezentengiso ingeyokuqala, enama-60% kuya kwangama-70% wemikhiqizo yaseMhlabeni eyiRare Earth ethunyelwa kwelinye izwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, iChina ukuphela kwezwe elingahlinzeka ngazo zonke izinhlobo eziyi-17 zezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile, ikakhulukazi eziphakathi nendawoimihlaba engavamileNgokusebenzisa amasosha avelele amabutho.china kufanelekile.
Ringabe uMhlabaIngabe izinsiza ezibalulekile zamasu, ezaziwa ngokuthi "ama-monosodium wezimboni ze-monosodium glutamate" kanye "noma umama wezinto ezintsha", futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-cutting science nezobuchwepheshe kanye nezempi embonini yezempi. NgokoMnyango Wezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, izinto ezisebenzayo ezifanaUmhlaba ongavamileI-unorgent yaphakade, i-luminescence, isitoreji se-hydrogen kanye ne-catalysis sebephenduke izinto ezisemqoka ze-raw zezimboni eziphakeme ze-tech-tech, ama-perrochemical, i-metallurgy, i-metalsemies, imboni elula, imboni elula, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ezolimo nokunye. .
Kusukela ngo-1983, iJapan yethule uhlelo lokugcina lwamasu lwamaminerali angavamile, kwathi ama-83% asekhaya awoimihlaba engavamileaqhamuka eChina.
Bheka i-United States futhi, yayoUmhlaba ongavamileama-Reserbos asesibili kuphela eChina, kodwa aloimihlaba engavamilekonke kukhanyaimihlaba engavamile, ezihlukaniswe zisindayoimihlaba engavamileFuthi umhlaba ongavamile. -Sindayoimihlaba engavamilezibiza kakhulu, futhi umhlaba ongavamile ongavamile awunakwami, okuye kwaphendulwa inkohlisoUmhlaba ongavamilengabantu embonini. I-80% yethuUmhlaba ongavamileUkungenisa kuqhamuka eChina.
UComrade deng Xiaoping wake wathi: "Kukhona uwoyela eMiddle East futhiimihlaba engavamileeChina. "Okushiwo amazwi akhe kuyabonakala. Umhlaba ongavamile awugcini nje ngokuthi" i-Msg "edingekayo yemikhiqizo ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni, kodwa futhi i-chip ebanzi ye-China e-World Dispoing etafuleni ngokuzayo. Vikela ngokwesayensiUmhlaba ongavamileIzinsizakusebenza, sekuyicebo likazwelonke elibizelwe ngabantu abaningi abanezinhloso eziphakeme eminyakeni yamuva ukuvimbela okuyiguguUmhlaba ongavamileIzinsizakusebenza ezithengiswa ngokungaboni futhi zithunyelwa emazweni asentshonalanga. Ngo-1992, uDeng Xiaoping waveza isimo seChina ngokusobala njengengkhuluUmhlaba ongavamileizwe.
Uhlu Lokusetshenziswa Komhlaba Ongavamile 17
1.uhlobo linthanumisetshenziswa ezintweni zokwenziwa ze-alloy namafilimu ezolimo
2.Umrintshiisetshenziswa kabanzi ngengilazi yemoto
3 I-PraseOdDODYIUMisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-ceramic pigments
4.Needymiumisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-aerospace
I-5PPromethium inikezela ngamandla asizayo ama-satellite
6.PhukuISamuriumku-athomu yamandla e-athomu
7Indlu yokuhlala yokungenayoguguAma-lens ekhiqiza kanye nemibukiso ye-Crystal ewuketshezi
8.IgadikiNgemifanekiso yezobuningi yezokwelapha ecabangayo
9.I-terbiumisetshenziswa kulawuli lwe-wing wing
10.Umphethoisetshenziswa ku-laser rantofinder ezindabeni zamasosha
11.Dysprosiumisetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa wefilimu nokuphrinta
12.IHolmiumisetshenziselwa ukwenza amadivayisi wokuxhumana abonakalayo
13.Thululiumisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwezempilo nokwelashwa kwama-tumors
14.Yterterbiumokungeziwe kwento yememori yekhompyutha
15.Plucation oflutetiumkubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-Energy
16.Ytttriumkwenza izintambo nezakhi zendiza zendiza
17.Ikhentiyamukuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys
Imininingwane imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
1
Uhlobo linthanum(La)
Empini ye-Gulf, idivaysi yokubuka ebusuku ngeUmhlaba ongavamileisithako semvelouhlobo linthanumwaba ngumthombo omkhulu wamathangi ase-US.Izithombe ezingenhla zikhombisalanthanum chloridepowder (imephu yedatha)
Uhlobo linthanumisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinto zokwenziwa kwama-piezoelectric, izinto ze-elermothertsmal, izinto zokwenziwa kwama-thermoelectric, izinto zokwakha ama-mougnescent, izinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-blue powder), izinto zokugcina ze-hydrogen, izinto ze-laser, izinto ezahlukahlukene ze-alloy, njll.Uhlobo linthanumisetshenziswa futhi kuma-catalysts wokulungiswa kwemikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali e-organic, ososayensi baye baqamba igamauhlobo linthanum"I-Super calcium" ngomphumela wayo ezitshalweni.
2
Umrintshi(CE)
UmrintshiIngasetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, i-electrode ye-arc nengilazi ekhethekile.I-cerium alloyukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi kungasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye ze-jet propulsion (imephu yedatha)
(1)Umrintshi, njengesengezo sengilazi, kungadonsa imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared, futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi nge-airtraviolet ingilazi, kodwa futhi kunciphise amazinga okushisa ngaphakathi emotweni.Since 1997, i-ceria ingeziwe kuyo yonke ingilazi yezimoto eJapan. Ngo-1996, okungenani amathani angama-2000 aseCheria asetshenziswa eglanjeni yezimoto, kwangaphezu kwamathani ayi-1000 e-United States.
(2) Njengamanje,umrintshiisetshenziswa ku-catalyst ye-aushofile yokuhlanzwa kwezimoto, engavimba ngempumelelo inani elikhulu legesi yemoto yokuphelelwa yimoto ekukhishweni emoyeni. Ukusetshenziswa kweUmrintshiE-United States kulandisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokusetshenziswa okuphelele kweUmhlaba ongavamile.
. Ingasetshenziswa ukufaka imibala yepulasitiki, ukumboza, uyinki kanye namaphepha izimboni.at, inkampani ehamba phambili yiFrench Rhone Plank.
(4) CE: Uhlelo lweLisaf Laser luyi-laser eqinile yombuso ethuthukiswe yi-United States. Ingasetshenziswa ukuthola izikhali zemvelo kanye nomuthi ngokubheka i-tryptophan okuhlushwa.Umrintshiisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Cishe konke ukusebenza komhlaba okuqabulayo kuquketheumrintshi.Such njenge-powder epholile, izinto zokugcina ze-hydrogen, izinto zokwakha i-thermoelectric,umrintshiAma-electrodes eTungsten, ama-capacitors we-ceramic, ama-ceramics we-piezoelectric,umrintshi I-Silicon CarbideI-Abrasives, izinto zokwenziwa kwama-petrol cell raly, ama-catalysts kaphethiloli, ezinye izinto ezibucayi ezingapheli, ama-alloy ahlukahlukene nezinsimbi ezingezona ze-alloy.
3
I-PraseOdDODYIUM(Pr)
(1)I-PraseOdDODYIUMisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni ama-ceramics kanye nama-ceramics asetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ingahlanganiswa ne-cheramic glaze ukwenza umbala we-glaze, futhi futhi ungasetshenziswa njengombala we-undergales. I-pigment ikhanye eliphuzi ngombala omsulwa futhi omuhle.
(2) Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-magnats we-unomphela.Ukubiza kakhuluI-PraseOdDODYIUMna-Metal MetalEsikhundleni sokumsulwaMetal MetalUkwenza izinto zobusika ezingapheli, ukumelana kwalo komoya-mpilo kanye nezindawo zemishini kusobala ukuthi kuthuthukiswa, futhi kungahle kucutshungulwe kuzibuthe zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi nama-motors.
(3) esetshenziswe ekuqhekekeni kwe-petroleum catalytic.Umsebenzi, ukukhetha nokuqina kwe-catalyst kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza okucebisayoI-PraseOdDODYIUMna-needymiumKu-Y ze-moleculal molecular isihlungo sokulungiselela u-petroleum wokuqhekeka catalyst.china waqala ukubeka ekusebenziseni kwezimboni ngawo-1970, futhi ukusetshenziswa kuyanda.
(4)I-PraseOdDODYIUMfuthi ingasetshenziselwa i-abrasive polishing.in,I-PraseOdDODYIUMisetshenziswa kabanzi enkundleni ye-fiber ye-optical fiber.
4
Needymium(ND)
Kungani ithangi le-M1 lingatholakala kuqala? Ithangi lifakwe i-ND: i-Yag Laser RangeFinder, engafinyelela uhla lwamamitha acishe abe ngu-4000 ngosuku olucacile (imephu yedatha)
Ngokuzalwa kweI-PraseOdDODYIUM,needymiumwaba khona. Ukufika kweNeodymium kusebenzeUmhlaba ongavamileinkambu, yadlala indima ebalulekile ensimini yaseMhlabeni eyiRare, futhi yathonyaUmhlaba ongavamileimakethe.
Needymiumube yindawo eshisayo emakethe iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esiyingqayizivele emkhakheni weumhlaba ongavamile.Umsebenzisi omkhulu kakhulu weMetal Metalyi-NDFEB unomphela wezinto zozibuthe. Ukuqala kwe-NDFEB Magnets unomphela kufakwe ubuhlakani obusha bube yinkambu ye-Rare Emhlabeni Ephakeme. I-NDFEB uzibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yama-magnets anaphakade" ngenxa yomkhiqizo wayo ophakeme wamandla kazibuthe.Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-elekthronikhi, imishini kanye nezinye izimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle. Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer kukhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo zikazibuthe ze-NDFEB Magnets eChina zingene ezingeni elisezingeni lomhlaba.Neodymium ifuthi esetshenziswe ezintweni ezingezona ezingezinhle. Ukungeza i-1.5-2,5% neodymium ku-Magnesium noma i-Aluminium Alloy kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukuqina komoya nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-alloy.ifutho esetshenziswa njengezinto zokulungiswa kwe-aerospace. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neodymium-doped ytttrium aluminium garonet ikhiqiza ugongolo lwe-waser olufushane lwe-waser, olusetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseni nasekunciphiseni izinto ezincanyana ezinobukhulu ngaphansi kwe-10mm embonini. Kwezokwelapha, ND: I-Yag Laser isetshenziselwa ukususa ukuhlinzwa noma amagciwane amanxeba esikhundleni se-scalpel.NeedymiumIphinde isetshenziselwe imibala yokufaka ingilazi nezinto zokwakha ubumba kanye nesengezo semikhiqizo yenjoloba.
5
Promethium (PM)
I-Promethium iyinto yokufakelwa ye-radioactive ekhiqizwa reactors yenuzi (imephu yedatha)
(1) ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa. Nikeza amandla asizayo wokutholwa kwe-vacuum kanye ne-satellite yokufakelwa.
(2) I-PM147 ikhipha ama-β-imisebe ephansi, engasetshenziswa ukwenza amabhethri we-cymbal. Njengokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuqondisa amathuluzi okuqondisa namawashi. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri luncane ngosayizi futhi lungasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Promethium nayo isetshenziswa kuthuluzi le-x- ray ephathekayo, ukulungiswa kwe-phosphor, isilinganiso sokuqina nesibani se-beacon.
6
ISamurium(SM)
I-Metal Sadarium(Imephu yedatha)
SmIngabe ophuzi okhanyayo, futhi kungukuqukethwe okuluhlaza kweSM-C CO GREALT MANET, futhi iSM-CO MANCET ingumhlaba wokuqala we-Wrice Wrient osetshenziswa embonini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-magnats ahlala njalo: uhlelo lwe-SMCO5 kanye nohlelo lwe-SM2CO17. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, kwasungulwa uhlelo lwe-SMCO5, kwasungulwa uhlelo lweSM2CO17 esikhathini esizayo. Manje ukufunwa kwalesi samuva kunikezwa kuqala. Ubumsulwa beISamarium Oxideisetshenziswe ngaphakathiiSamuriumI-Cobalt Magnet ayidingi ukuba phezulu kakhulu. Ukucabanga ngezindleko, ikakhulukazi usebenzisa ama-95% wemikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho,ISamarium OxideIphinde isetshenziswe kuma-capacitors we-ceramic nama-catalysts. Ngaphezu kwalokho,iSamuriumInezakhiwo zenuzi, ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, izinto zokuvikela nezinto zokulawula zama-atomic amandla reactors, ukuze amandla amakhulu akhiqizwe ngokuphepha kwenuzi angasetshenziswa ngokuphepha.
7
Indlu yokuhlala yokungenayogugu(Eu)
I-Europuum Oxidepowder (imephu yedatha)
I-Europuum Oxideisetshenziselwa kakhulu ama-phosphors (imephu yedatha)
Ngo-1901, u-Eugene-Antoledemarcay uthole into entsha evela ku- "iSamurium", igama lakheIndlu yokuhlala yokungenayogugu. Lokhu kungenzeka kwaqanjwa ngegama elithi ngemuva kweZwi Europe.I-Europuum Oxideisetshenziselwa kakhulu i-fluorescent powder. I-EU3 + isetshenziswa njenge-activator ye-phosphor ebomvu, futhi i-EU2 + isetshenziswa njenge-phospor eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Manje i-Y2O2S: I-EU3 + yi-phosphor enhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni okukhanyayo, ukuqina kanye nokuphinda usebenzise izindleko.I-Europuum OxideUbuye wasetshenziswa njenge-phosphor evuselelekile yokuxoshwa kwe-X-ray yezokwelapha yokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha emnyakeni edlule.I-Europuum OxideIngase futhi isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ama-lens anemibala nezihlungi ze-optical, zamadivayisi okugcina ama-bubble, kungakhombisa namakhono alo ezintweni zokulawula, izinto zokuvikela nezinto zokwakha ama-athomu.
8
Igadiki(GD)
IgadikiFuthi ama-isotopes ayo angenayo ama-neutron athinta kakhulu futhi angasetshenziswa njengama-inhibitors ama-reactors enuzi. (Imephu yedatha)
.
(2) I-sulphuro oxide yayo ingasetshenziswa njengegridi ye-matrix ye-Oscilloscope Tube kanye nesikrini se-X-ray ngokukhanya okukhethekile.
(3)Igadiki in IgadikiIGallium Garnet iyi-substrate eyodwa efanelekile yememori ye-bubble.
.
(5) Kusetshenziswa njenge-inhibitor ukulawula izinga lokuphendula le-chain of Power Pers ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphendula kwenyukliya.
(6) Kusetshenziswa njengesengezo seiSamuriumUCobalt Magnet ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza akuguquki ngamazinga okushisa.
9
I-terbium(TB)
Terbium oxidepowder (imephu yedatha)
Ukusetshenziswa kwei-terbiumKubandakanya kakhulu insimu ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe, okuyiprojekthi yokusika-onqenqemeni nezobuchwepheshe - ezinamandla nolwazi, kanye nephrojekthi enezinzuzo ezimangazayo zezomnotho, ngamathemba akhona okuthuthuka.
.i-terbium-Chietiveted CERUIM-MAGANSIUM ALUNINATION Matrix, wonke akhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza osesimweni esijabulisayo.
(2) izinto zokugcina ze-magneto-optical. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto ze-Terbium Magneto-Optical zifinyelele esikalini sokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi. Ama-Magneto-optical disc enziwe ngamafilimu we-TB-FE Amorphous asetshenziswa njengezinto zokugcina amakhompyutha, futhi umthamo wesitoreji ukhuphuke ngezikhathi eziyi-10 ~ 15.
(3) Ingilazi ye-Magneto-Optical,i-terbium-I-Faturaning Faturay Raltatory Glass iyinto ebalulekile yabakhiqizi abakhiqizi, ama-isolators kanye nama-anulars asetshenziswa kabanzi kubuchwepheshe be-laser. Ikakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kweTerfenol kuvule uhlelo olusha lweTerfenol, okuyinto entsha etholwe ngo-1970s. Ingxenye yalokhu i-alloy iqukethei-terbiumna-dysprosium, kwesinye isikhathi ngeIHolmiumFuthi okusele yinsimbi.I-alloy yaqala ukwakhiwa ngelebhu ye-AMES e-Iowa, e-USA. Lapho i-terfenol ibekwa emandleni kazibuthe, usayizi wayo ushintsha ngaphezu kwaleyo yezinto ezibucayi ezijwayelekile, ezingenza ukunyakaza okuqondile kwemishini kungenzeka. I-Terbium Dysprosium Iron isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi e-Sonar ekuqaleni, futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi njengamanje.
10
Dysprosium(Dy)
I-Metal Dysprosium(Imephu yedatha)
(1) Njengesengezo se-NDFEB Oftern Maggets, engeza cishe 2 ~ 3%dysprosiumKulokhu uzibuthe kungathuthukisa amandla ayo okuphoqelela. Esikhathini esedlule, isidingo sedysprosiumBekungekukhulu, kepha ngesidingo esandayo se-NDFEB Magnets, kwaba yinto yesidingo esidingekayo, futhi ibanga kumele libe cishe ama-95 ~ 99.9%, futhi isidingo sikhuphuke ngokushesha.
(2)Dysprosiumisetshenziswa njengesishoshovu se-phosphor. -QondiledysprosiumIngabe i-ion ethembisayo evumayo ye-ion ye-tricolor luminescent impahla enesikhungo esisodwa se-luminescent. Kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-emussion band amabili aphumayo, okukodwa kungukuphuma okukhanyayo okuphuzi, enye i-Blue Light Emission. Izinto ze-luminescent zakhiwe nazodysprosiumingasetshenziswa njenge-tricolor phospors.
(3)DysprosiumIngabe impahla edingekayo yensimbi edingekayo yokulungiselela i-terfenol alloy ku-magnetostrictive alloy, engabona imisebenzi ethile eqondile yokunyakaza kwemishini.
(4)I-Dysprosium MetalIngasetshenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ze-magneto-optical ngesivinini esiphezulu sokuqopha nokuzwela kokufunda.
(5) esetshenziselwe ukulungiswa kwedysprosiumamalambu, into esebenzayo esetshenzisiwe ngaphakathidysprosiumAmalambu yi-dysprosium iodide, enezinzuzo zokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala omuhle, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, usayizi omncane, usetshenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanyisa wefilimu nokuphrinta.
(6)DysprosiumIsetshenziselwa ukukala i-neutron Energy Spectrum noma njenge-neutroncron anyorsber embonini yamandla e-athomu ngenxa yendawo yayo enkulu ye-neutron yabamba isiphambano.
(7) I-Dy3AL5o12 nayo ingasetshenziswa njengento esebenza kazibuthe yokuqapha kazibuthe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amasimu wohlelo lokusebenza wedysprosiumizothuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi inwetshiwe.
11
IHolmium(Ho)
Ho-FE alloy(Imephu yedatha)
Njengamanje, inkambu yesicelo ye-Iron idinga ukuthuthukiswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa akukukhulu kakhulu. Muva nje, theUmhlaba ongavamileIsikhungo Sokucwaninga nge-Baotou Steel sekwamukele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokuhlanza okuhlanzayo, futhi bathuthukise i-arpity purity qn ho /> Re> 99.9% enokuqukethwe okuphansi kokunge-Umhlaba ongavamileukungcola.
Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kokhiye yile:
.Rare RETH Haals. Njengamanje, i-Iodides yaseMhlabeni eyiRare isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, ekhipha imigqa ehlukene yokubuka lapho i-gesi ikhipha. Into esebenzayo esetshenziswe ku-Iron Lamp yi-Qinodide, ukugxilwa okuphezulu kwama-athomu wensimbi kungatholakala endaweni ye-ARC, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
(2) I-Iron ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo sokurekhoda i-iron noma ama-billion aluminium garnet
. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-HO: Yag Laser yokusebenza kwezokwelapha, akunakuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ukusebenza kanye nokunemba kuphela, kepha futhi kunciphisa indawo yokulimala okushisayo ibe ngosayizi omncane. Ugongolo lwamahhala olukhiqizwe yi-Lock Crystal lungasusa amafutha ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwe-glaucoma e-United States kunganciphisa izinhlungu ze-Izwen, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa kanye nokukhiqiza lolu hlobo lwe-Laser Crystal.
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12
Umphetho(Er)
I-Erbium oxidepowder (ishadi lemininingwane)
. Ngemuva kokujabula ngo-980NM no-148NM KANDLE, i-Bait Ion (ER3 +) ihamba kusuka esigabeni se-4115) esifundazweni esiphakeme se-4i13 / 2 I-Quartz fiber ingadlulisela ukukhanya kwama-wavelength ahlukene, noma kunjalo, inani le-attical attenciation le-1550nm band lisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (i-aptical fiber Ukuxhumana okuphansi lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-matrix efanelekile lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-matrix efanelekile, i-amplifier inganxephezela ukulahleka Ohlelweni lokuxhumana ngokwesimiso se-laser, ngakho-ke, kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ngocingo okudinga ukukhulisa isibonakaliso se-1550nm optical, i-bait doped fiber amplifier iyithuluzi elibalulekile le-optical. Njengamanje, i-bait doped silica fiber amplifier iye yathengiswa.Ibikwa ukuthi ukuze kugwenywe ukumuncwa kwezempi okungenamsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kumakhulu okuxhumana kwamakhulu okuxhumana namakhulu wokuxhumana ngefilimu kuzovula izinkambu zohlelo ezintsha.
. Kwenziwe yaba yi-Laser RangeFinder ephathekayo ephephile emehlweni abantu ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi.
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(4) I-ER3 + nayo ingasetshenziswa njenge-ion esebenzayo kuUmhlaba ongavamileizinto ze-waser ze-uningversion.
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Thululium(Tm)
Ngemuva kokuhlelwa ngempendulo yenuzi,Thululiumkukhiqiza isotope engakhipha i-x-ray, engasetshenziswa njengomthombo ophathwayo we-x-ray (imephu yedatha)
(1)Thululiumisetshenziswa njengomthombo we-ray we-x-ray ephathekayo. Ngemuva kokuhlelwa nge-reactor yenuzi, i-TM ikhiqiza uhlobo lwe-isotope engakhipha i-x-ray, engasetshenziswa ukwenza i-irradiator yegazi ephathekayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-radiometer lungashintsha i-Yu-169 lube yi-TM-170 ngaphansi kwesenzo sogongolo oluphezulu naphakathi nendawo, futhi lukhanyise ama-X-ray ukuze uqonde ngegazi futhi wehlise amaseli egazi amhlophe. Yilawa maseli egazi amhlophe adala ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa kwesitho, ukuze anciphise ukwenqatshwa kwezitho zakudala.
(2) (2)Thululiumfuthi ingasetshenziswa ekutholweni koMtholampilo kanye nokwelashwa kwesimila ngenxa yobudlelwano bayo obuphakeme bezicubu zezithuthuthu, umhlaba ongenasisekelo uhambelana kakhulu kunokukhanyaUmhlaba ongavamile, ikakhulukazi ubudlelwano be-YU bukhulu kunabo bonke.
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(4) (4) I-Metal Halide Lamp ingasetshenziswa njengezengezo emthonjeni omusha wokukhanya.
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Yterterbium(Yb)
I-YTTERBIM Metal(Imephu yedatha)
(1) Njenge-Thermal Shielding Coang ecting
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(3) Isibuko se-Mirror sisetshenziselwa ukulinganiswa kwengcindezelo. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi ukuzwela kwento yesibuko kuphezulu ebangeni lokufuya elilinganiselwe, elivula indlela entsha yokusetshenziswa kwesibuko ekulinganiseni kwengcindezi.
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. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibuko sisetshenziselwa i-fluorescent powder activator, umsakazo ceramics, i-elektroniki ye-computer yememori (i-magnetic bubble) isengezo, ingilazi fiber flux kanye ne-optical flux nesengezo sengilazi ye-optical, njll.
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Lutetium(Lu)
Lutetium oxidepowder (imephu yedatha)
I-ytttrium lutetium busical crystal (imephu yedatha)
(1) Yenza ama-alloys akhethekile. Isibonelo, iLutetium aluminium alloy ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya kwe-neutron activation.
(2) uzinzelutetiumI-nuclides idlala indima ekhathazekile ekuqhekekeni kukaPetroleum, i-alkylation, i-hydrogenation kanye ne-polymerization.
(3) Ukungezwa kwe-ytttrium iron noma i-ytttrium aluminium garnet kungathuthukisa ezinye izakhiwo.
(4) Izinto ezivumayo ze-magnetic bubble reservoir.
. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-Lutetium-doped Nyab Crystal iphakeme kune-Nyab Crystal ekuhlolweni kwe-Optical nokusebenza kwe-laser.
(6) Kutholakele lokholutetiumInezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona ku-Electrochromic Display kanye nama-semiconductor aphansi aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho,lutetiumIphinde isetshenziswe kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-Energy kanye ne-activator ye-phosphor.
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Ytttrium(y)
Ytttriumisetshenziswa kabanzi, i-ytttrium aluminium garnet ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ze-laser, i-ytttrium iron garnet isetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe be-microwave kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kwe-acoustic, ne-europuium-doped yttrium vanadate ne-europuium-dopedytttrium oxidezisetshenziswa njenge-phospors yama-TV we-TV sets. (Imephu yedatha)
(1) Izithasiselo zensimbi nakwezinsimbi ezingezona ezingezinhle. I-Fecr Alloy imvamisa iqukethe i-0.5-4%ytttrium, okungakhulisa ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokukhohlisa kwalezi zinsimbi ezingenasici; Izakhiwo eziphelele ze-MB26 Alloy kusobala ukuthi zithuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elifanele le-yttrium-rich exubekileUmhlaba ongavamile, okungasetha ama-alloys athile aphakathi nendawo futhi asetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ezicindezelekile zendiza. Ukungeza inani elincane le-yttrium-richUmhlaba ongavamilee-Al-Zr Alloy, ukuthuthuka kwaleyo alloy kungathuthuka; I-alloy yamukelwe amafektri amaningi we-wire eChina. Ukungeza i-YTtrium ku-Aloy yethusi kuthuthukisa amandla okuqhutshwa namandla okusebenza.
(2) Izinto ze-silicon nitride ceramic eziqukethe ama-6%ytttriumFuthi i-2% aluminium ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izingxenye zenjini.
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(5) phezuluytttriumI-alloy alloy equkethe ama-90% yttrium ingasetshenziswa ngendiza nangezinye izindawo ezidinga ukuqina okuphansi kanye nephuzu eliphakeme elincibilikayo.
. Ngaphezu kwalokho,ytttriumIphinde isetshenziswe njengento yokufafaza okushisa okuphezulu, i-dilomic reactoror uphethiloli, isengezo sezinto zokwenziwa ngobunzima ezingapheli, kanye ne-Getter embonini ye-elekthronikhi.
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Ikhentiyamu(SC)
I-Metal Scandium(Imephu yedatha)
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ze-YTTRIUM neLanthanide, iScandium ine-Ionic Radius ikakhulukazi ne-alkalinity ebuthakathaka kakhulu ye-hydroxide. Ngakho-ke, niniikhentiyamufuthi izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zihlanganiswa ndawonye,ikhentiyamuizolunga kuqala lapho iphathwa nge-ammonia (noma ama-alkali e-dilutel), ngakho-ke ingahlukaniswa kalula kusukaUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi ngendlela "yemvula ehlukahlukene". Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukuwohloka kombala we-nitrate ye-nitrate for ukwehlukanisa.scandium nitrate kulula kakhulu ukubola, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekisa inhloso yokwahlukana.
I-SC ingatholwa nge-electrolysis.I-SCCL3, I-kcl kanye ne-licl incibilike ngesikhathi sokucwengwa kweScandium, futhi i-zinten zinc isetshenziswa njenge-cathode ye-electrolysis, ukuzeikhentiyamuifakwe ku-eclectrode ye-zinc, bese i-zinc ihanjiswa ukuze itholeikhentiyamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho,ikhentiyamuItholakala kalula lapho icubungula i-ore ukukhiqiza izinto ze-uranium, ze-torium kanye ne-lanthanide. Ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kokuhambisanaikhentiyamukusuka kuTungsten noTin Ore nakho kungenye yemithombo ebalulekile yeikhentiyamu.Ikhentiyamuikakhulukazi esimweni se-trivallent ku-compound, efakwe kalulaI-SC2O3emoyeni futhi ulahlekelwe yi-luster yensimbi yakhe futhi uphenduke impunga emnyama.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kweikhentiyamuyile:
(1)IkhentiyamuUngasabela ngamanzi ashisayo ukukhulula i-hydrogen, futhi futhi uyancibilika ku-acid, ngakho-ke kuyi-ejenti enamandla ekhuthazayo.
(2)Scandium oxideFuthi i-hydroxide yi-alkaline kuphela, kepha umlotha waso usawoti awunakuphelelwa yi-hydrolyzed. I-Scandium Chloride yi-crystal emhlophe, incibilika emanzini kanye ne-deliquescent emoyeni.
(3) embonini ye-metallurgical,ikhentiyamuImvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys (izengezo ze-alloys) ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushisa nokusebenza kwama-alloys. Isibonelo, engeza inani elincane leikhentiyamuukuncibilikisa i-iron kungathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zensimbi, ngenkathi ungeza inani elincane leikhentiyamuUkuze i-aluminium ingathuthukisa amandla ayo nokumelana nokushisa.
(4) embonini ye-elekthronikhi,ikhentiyamuingasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi ahlukahlukene we-semiconductor. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kweScandium Sulfite kuma-semiconductor kudonsele ukunakwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kanti i-Ferrite iquketheikhentiyamuiyathembisa futhi kuma-computer wagnetic cores.
(5) embonini yamakhemikhali,ikhentiyamuI-Compound isetshenziswa njenge-dehydrogenation yotshwala kanye ne-ejenti ye-dehydration, okuyinto esebenza kahle ngokukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene ne-chlorine kusuka kudoti we-hydrochloric acid.
(6) Embonini yengilazi, izibuko ezikhethekile eziquketheikhentiyamuangenziwa.
(7) Embonini kagesi kagesi,ikhentiyamunamalambu we-sodium enziweikhentiyamuFuthi i-sodium ibe nezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nombala okhanyayo.
(8)Ikhentiyamuikhona ngesimo se-45sc ngokwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunama-isotopece ayisishiyagalolunye asebenzayo weIkhentiyamu, okungukuthi, 40 ~ 44Sc no-46 ~ 49sc. Phakathi kwazo, 46SC, njenge-tracer, isetshenzisiwe embonini yamakhemikhali, metallurgy kanye no-Ocealegraphy. Kwezokwelapha, kunabantu phesheya abatadisha besebenzisa i-46sc yokwelapha umdlavuza.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-09-2021