I-Magic Rare Earth Element: "Inkosi Yezibuthe Ezingunaphakade" -Neodymium

i-bastnasite

I-Neodymium, inombolo ye-athomu engu-60, isisindo se-athomu engu-144.24, enokuqukethwe okungu-0.00239% kuqweqwe, ikakhulukazi ikhona ku-monazite ne-bastnaesite. Kunama-isotopes ayisikhombisa e-neodymium ngokwemvelo: i-neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148 kanye ne-150, phakathi kwayo i-neodymium 142 inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuzalwa kwe-praseodymium, i-neodymium yaba khona. Ukufika kwe-neodymium kwasebenza inkambu yomhlaba engavamile futhi kwadlala indima ebalulekile kuyo.Futhi kunomthelela emakethe yomhlaba engavamile.

Ukutholwa kwe-Neodymium

UKarl Orvon Welsbach (1858-1929), owathola i-neodymium

Ngo-1885, usokhemisi wase-Austria uCarl Orvon Welsbach uCarl Auer von Welsbach wathola i-neodymium eVienna. Wahlukanisa i-neodymium ne-praseodymium ezintweni ze-symmetric neodymium ngokuhlukanisa kanye ne-crystallizing i-ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate ku-nitric acid, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral, kodwa ayizange ihlukaniswe ngendlela ehlanzekile kuze kube ngu-1925.

Kusukela ngawo-1950s, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-neodymium (ngaphezu kwama-99%) kwatholwa ikakhulukazi ngenqubo yokushintshanisa i-ion ye-monazite. Insimbi ngokwayo itholakala nge-electrolyzing usawoti wayo we-halide. Njengamanje, iningi le-neodymium likhishwa ku-(Ce,La,Nd,Pr)CO3F ku-basta Nathanite futhi lihlanjululwe ngokukhipha i-solvent. I-ion exchange purification reserve igcina ubumsulwa obuphakeme kakhulu (imvamisa > 99.99%) ukulungiselela.Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukususa umkhondo wokugcina we-praseodymium enkathini lapho ukukhiqizwa kuncike kubuchwepheshe be-crystallization yesinyathelo, ingilazi yokuqala ye-neodymium eyakhiwa ngawo-1930 inombala onsomi ocwenge kakhulu. kanye nethoni yombala obomvu noma owolintshi ngaphezulu kwenguqulo yesimanje.

Insimbi ye-Neodymium

I-Metallic neodymium inokucwebezela kwensimbi eyisiliva ekhanyayo, indawo encibilikayo engu-1024°C, ukuminyana okungu-7.004 g/cm, kanye ne-paramagnetism. I-Neodymium ingenye yezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisebenza kakhulu, ezikhipha i-oxidize ngokushesha futhi zibe mnyama emoyeni, bese yakhe ungqimba lwe-oxide bese iyaxebuka, iveze insimbi ekuqhubekiseni i-oxidation. Ngakho-ke, isampula ye-neodymium enosayizi wesentimitha elilodwa ifakwe i-oxidized ngokuphelele phakathi nonyaka owodwa. Isabela kancane emanzini abandayo futhi ngokushesha emanzini ashisayo.

I-Neodymium electronic configuration

Ukucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Ukusebenza kwe-laser ye-neodymium kubangelwa ukushintshwa kwama-electron e-orbital angu-4f phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene wamandla. Le nto ye-laser isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, ukugcinwa kolwazi, ukwelashwa, ukukhanda imishini, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-yttrium aluminium garnet Y3Al5O12:Nd(YAG:Nd) isetshenziswa kabanzi ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kanye ne-Nd-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet enezinga eliphezulu. ukusebenza kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium

Umsebenzisi omkhulu we-neodymium yi-NdFeB unomphela uzibuthe. Uzibuthe we-NdFeB ubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yamazibuthe unomphela" ngenxa yomkhiqizo wawo onamandla kazibuthe. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electronics, imishini nakwezinye izimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu. UFrancis Wall, uprofesa wezimayini ezisetshenzisiwe eCumberland School of Mining, University of Exeter, UK, uthe: "Ngozibuthe, akukho lutho olungancintisana neodymium. Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer kubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo kazibuthe. womazibuthe beNdFeB eChina bangene ezingeni lomhlaba.

Uzibuthe we-Neodymium ku-hard disk

I-Neodymium ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zobumba, ingilazi ensomi egqamile, irubi yokwenziwa kwelaser kanye nengilazi ekhethekile engahluza imisebe ye-infrared. Isetshenziswa kanye ne-praseodymium ukwenza izibuko zokufutha ingilazi.

Ukwengeza u-1.5% ~ 2.5% we-nano neodymium oxide ku-magnesium noma ingxubevange ye-aluminium kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucinana komoya nokungagqwali kwengxubevange, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla yasemkhathini yokundiza.

I-Nano-yttrium aluminium garnet ehlanganiswe ne-nano-neodymium oxide ikhiqiza i-laser ye-short-wave, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisela nokusika izinto ezincane ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-10mm embonini.

Nd:Induku ye-laser ye-YAG

Ekwelashweni, i-nano yttrium aluminium garnet laser doped ne-nano neodymium oxide isetshenziselwa ukususa amanxeba okuhlinzwa noma ukubulala amagciwane amanxeba esikhundleni semimese yokuhlinza.

Ingilazi ye-Neodymium yenziwa ngokwengeza i-neodymium oxide ekuncibilikeni kwengilazi. I-lavender ivamise ukuvela engilazini ye-neodymium ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga noma isibani se-incandescent, kodwa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonakala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwesibani se-fluorescent. I-Neodymium ingasetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala emithunzi yengilazi ethambile efana ne-violet emsulwa, iwayini elibomvu kanye nokumpunga okufudumele.

ingilazi ye-neodymium

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa nokwandiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obungavamile, i-neodymium izoba nendawo ebanzi yokusebenzisa.