Ososayensi basungule inkundla yokuhlanganisa izakhi ze-nanosized material, noma "izinto ze-nano," zezinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu -- inorganic or organic -- zibe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo ze-3-D.Yize i-self-assembly (SA) isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukuhlela ama-nanomaterials ezinhlobo ezimbalwa, inqubo ibigxile kakhulu ohlelweni, ikhiqiza izakhiwo ezihlukene ezisuselwa kuzakhiwo zangaphakathi zezinto.Njengoba kubikiwe ephepheni elishicilelwe namuhla ku-Nature Materials, isiteji sabo esisha se-DNA-programmable nanofabrication singasetshenziswa ukuhlela izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-3-D ngezindlela ezifanayo ezinqunyiwe ku-nanoscale (amabhiliyoni amamitha), lapho i-optical, ikhemikhali eyingqayizivele. , nezinye izakhiwo ziyavela.
"Esinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani i-SA ingeyona indlela yokuzikhethela ezisetshenziswayo ukuthi inqubo efanayo ye-SA ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kulo lonke uhla lwezinto zokwakha ukuze kwakhiwe ama-oda afanayo angama-3-D avela kuma-nanocomponents ahlukene," kuchaza umbhali ohambisanayo u-Oleg Gang. , umholi we-Soft and Bio Nanomaterials Group at the Centre for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) -- Ihhovisi Lomsebenzi Wezesayensi Wase-US (DOE) Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory -- kanye noprofesa weChemical Engineering kanye ne-Applied Physics kanye Isayensi Yezinto Zokusebenza e-Columbia Engineering."Lapha, sihlukanise inqubo ye-SA ezintweni ezibonakalayo ngokuklama amafreyimu e-DNA e-polyhedral angahlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-nano-organic noma ze-organic, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, ama-semiconductors, ngisho namaprotheni nama-enzyme."
Ososayensi bakha amafreyimu e-DNA okwenziwa asesimweni se-cube, i-octahedron, ne-tetrahedron.Ngaphakathi kwamafreyimu kukhona "izingalo" ze-DNA lezo kuphela izinto ze-nano ezinokulandelana kwe-DNA ezingabophezela kuzo.Lawa ma-voxels abalulekile -- ukuhlanganiswa kohlaka lwe-DNA kanye ne-nano-object -- amabhulokhi wokwakha okungenziwa ngawo izakhiwo ezinkulu ze-3-D.Ozimele baxhumeka komunye nomunye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-nano-object engaphakathi (noma cha) ngokuya ngokulandelana okuhambisanayo abhalwe ngekhodi ngakho kuma-vertices awo.Kuye ngokuma kwawo, amafreyimu anenani elihlukile lama-vertices futhi ngaleyo ndlela akha izakhiwo ezihluke ngokuphelele.Noma yiziphi izinto ze-nano ezisingathwa ngaphakathi kozimele zithatha leso sakhiwo sozimele esithile.
Ukuze babonise indlela yabo yokuhlanganisa, ososayensi bakhethe ama-nanoparticles ensimbi (igolide) kanye ne-semiconducting (cadmium selenide) kanye nephrotheni yebhaktheriya (streptavidin) njengezinto ezingaphili ne-organic nano-objects okufanele zifakwe ngaphakathi kwefreyimu ye-DNA.Okokuqala, baqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinhlaka ze-DNA kanye nokwakheka kwama-voxels wezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuthwebula nge-electron microscopes e-CFN Electron Microscopy Facility kanye ne-Van Andel Institute, enohlu lwamathuluzi asebenza emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic amasampula ezinto eziphilayo.Babe sebephenya uhlaka lwe-3-D lattice ku-Coherent Hard X-ray Scattering and Complex Materials Scattering beamlines ye-National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) -- enye Ihhovisi Le-DOE Lendawo Yomsebenzisi Wesayensi e-Brookhaven Lab.Columbia Engineering Bykhovsky Professor of Chemical Engineering u-Sanat Kumar kanye neqembu lakhe benze imodeli yekhompyutha eveza ukuthi izakhiwo ze-lattice eziqashwe ngokuhlolwa (ngokusekelwe kumaphethini okuhlakazeka kwe-x-ray) kwakuyizona ezizinze kakhulu ngokwe-thermodynamically ama-voxels wento angakheka.
"Lawa ma-voxels abalulekile asivumela ukuthi siqale ukusebenzisa imibono etholakala kuma-athomu (nama-molecule) kanye namakristalu awakhayo, futhi sithumele lolu lwazi nedathabheki enkulukazi ezinhlelweni ezithakaselwayo ku-nanoscale," kuchaza uKumar.
Abafundi beqembu lezigelekeqe e-Columbia babe sebebonisa ukuthi inkundla yomhlangano ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlelwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto zokwakha ezinemisebenzi yamakhemikhali neyokubona.Kwesinye isikhathi, bahlanganisa ama-enzyme amabili, bakha ama-3-D afanayo anokuminyana okuphezulu kokupakisha.Nakuba ama-enzyme ahlala engashintshiwe ngamakhemikhali, abonisa ukwanda okuphindwe kane komsebenzi we-enzymatic.Lawa "ama-nanoreactors" angasetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa ukusabela kwe-cascade futhi anike amandla ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali.Ukuze kuboniswe izinto ezibonakalayo, baxube imibala emibili ehlukene yamachashazi e-quantum -- ama-nanocrystals amancane asetshenziselwa ukwenza izibonisi zikamabonakude ezinombala ophezulu wokugcwala kanye nokukhanya.Izithombe ezithwetshulwe ngesibonakhulu se-fluorescence zibonise ukuthi i-lattice eyakhiwe igcina ukuhlanzeka kombala ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuhlukanisa (ubude begagasi) bokukhanya;lesi sakhiwo singavumela ukuthuthukiswa kokuxazulula okubalulekile ekuboniseni okuhlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obubonakalayo.
“Kumele sicabange kabusha ukuthi izinto zokwakha zingakhiwa kanjani nokuthi zisebenza kanjani,” kusho uGang."Ukuklama kabusha okubalulekile kungase kungadingeki; ukumane upakishe izinto ezikhona ngezindlela ezintsha kungase kuthuthukise izakhiwo zazo. Ngokunokwenzeka, inkundla yethu ingaba ubuchwepheshe obuvumela 'ukudlula ukukhiqizwa kokunyathelisa kwe-3-D' ukuze kulawule izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngezikali ezincane kakhulu futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ukuqanjwa okudizayinelwe. Ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo ukwakha amalethi e-3-D kusuka kuzinto ezifiselekayo ze-nano zezigaba zezinto ezihlukene, ukuhlanganisa lezo ebezingabhekwa njengezingahambelani, kungase kuguqule i-nanomanufacturing."
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlinzekwa yi-DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory.Qaphela: Okuqukethwe kungase kuhlelwe ngesitayela nobude.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-14-2020