I-Neodymium ingenye yezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisebenza kakhulu
Ngo-1839, i-CGMosander yaseSweden yathola ingxube ye-lanthanum (lan) ne-praseodymium (pu) ne-neodymium (nǚ).
Ngemva kwalokho, osokhemisi emhlabeni wonke banaka ngokukhethekile ukuhlukanisa izakhi ezintsha nezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezitholakele.
Ngo-1885, u-AVWelsbach, wase-Austrian, wathola i-praseodymium ne-neodymium exubeni le-praseodymium ne-neodymium ethathwa u-Mossander "njengezakhi ezintsha".Enye yazo yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-neodymium, kamuva eyenziwa yaba lula yaba i-Neodymium.Uphawu Nd yi-neodymium.
I-Neodymium, i-praseodymium, i-gadolinium (gá) ne-samarium (shan) zonke zahlukaniswa ku-didymium, eyayibhekwa njengento eyivelakancane yomhlaba ngaleso sikhathi.Ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo, i-didymium ayisalondolozwa.Ukutholakala kwabo okuvula umnyango wesithathu wokutholwa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba futhi kuyisigaba sesithathu sokutholakala kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile.Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye kuphela yomsebenzi esigabeni sesithathu.Impela, isango le-cerium kufanele livulwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cerium kuqedwe, futhi enye ingxenye kufanele ivulwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-yttrium kuqedwe.
I-Neodymium, uphawu lwamakhemikhali Nd, insimbi emhlophe eyisiliva, ingenye yezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezisebenza kakhulu, enephuzu elincibilikayo elingu-1024°C, ukuminyana okungu-7.004 g/㎝, kanye ne-paramagnetism.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko:
I-Neodymium isiphenduke indawo eshisayo emakethe iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esiyingqayizivele emkhakheni wemihlaba engavamile.Umsebenzisi omkhulu wensimbi ye-neodymium yi-NdFeB unomphela uzibuthe.Ukufika kukazibuthe we-NdFeB unomphela kufake ubungqabavu obusha emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obungavamile.Uzibuthe we-NdFeB ubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yamazibuthe unomphela" ngenxa yomkhiqizo wawo onamandla kazibuthe.Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobuchwepheshe, imishini nezinye izimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu.
I-Neodymium iphinde isetshenziswe ezintweni ezingenayo insimbi.Ukwengeza u-1.5-2.5% we-neodymium ku-magnesium noma i-aluminium alloy kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuqina komoya kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ze-aerospace.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet ikhiqiza i-laser beam short-wave, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni nasekusikeni izinto ezincane ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-10mm embonini.
Ekwelashweni, i-Nd: I-LAG ye-LAG isetshenziselwa ukususa ukuhlinzwa noma ukukhipha amagciwane amanxeba esikhundleni se-scalpel.I-Neodymium iphinde isetshenziselwe ukufaka imibala ingilazi nezinto zobumba kanye njengesengezo semikhiqizo yenjoloba.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa nokwelulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obungavamile, i-neodymium izoba nendawo ebanzi yokusebenzisa.
I-Neodymium (Nd) iyinsimbi eyivelakancane yomhlaba.Okuphuzi okuphaphathekile, okufakwe i-oxidized kalula emoyeni, kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ingxubevange nengilazi yokubona.
Ngokuzalwa kwe-praseodymium, i-neodymium yaba khona.Ukufika kwe-neodymium kwasebenza inkambu yomhlaba engavamile, kwadlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni womhlaba ongavamile, futhi kwaba nomthelela emakethe yomhlaba engavamile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zobumba, ingilazi ensomi egqamile, irubi yokwenziwa ngelaser kanye nengilazi ekhethekile ekwazi ukuhlunga imisebe ye-infrared.Isetshenziswa kanye ne-praseodymium ukwenza izibuko zokufutha ingilazi.I-Mich metal esetshenziswa ekwenzeni insimbi nayo iqukethe i-neodymium engu-18%.
I-Neodymium oxide Nd2 O3;Isisindo samangqamuzana singama-336.40;Impushana ye-lavender eqinile, ithinteke kalula ngokuswakama, imunca isikhutha emoyeni, ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-asidi ye-inorganic.Ukuminyana kwesihlobo ngu-7.24.Indawo yokuncibilika icishe ibe ngu-1900 ℃, futhi i-valence oxide ephezulu ye-neodymium ingakhiwa kancane ngokushisisa emoyeni.
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela, ama-colorants wengilazi kanye ne-ceramics nezinto ze-laser.
I-Nanometer neodymium oxide isetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwengilazi nezinto zobumba, imikhiqizo yerabha kanye nezithasiselo.
Pr-nd metal;Ifomula yamangqamuzana ithi Pr-Nd;Izakhiwo: I-metallic block eyisiliva-grey, i-metallic luster, ekhishwa kalula emoyeni.Inhloso: Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zikazibuthe unomphela.
I-Protective treatmentneodymium inokucasuka okunamandla emehlweni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukucasuka okumaphakathi esikhunjeni, nokuhogela umoya nakho kungabangela i-pulmonary embolism kanye nokulimala kwesibindi.
Into yesenzo:
Ukucasula emehlweni, isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula.
Isixazululo:
1. Ukuhogela: shiya indawo emoyeni omusha.Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo.Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.
2. Ukuthintana kwamehlo: Phakamisa ijwabu leso bese ugeza ngamanzi agobhozayo noma ngosawoti ovamile.Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.
3. Ukuthinta isikhumba: Khumula izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza ngamanzi agelezayo.
4. Ukudla: Phuza amanzi amaningi afudumele ukuze ubangele ukuhlanza.Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-26-2021