I-Neodymium ingenye yezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisebenza kakhulu

Ngo-1839, i-CGMosander yaseSweden yathola ingxube ye-lanthanum (lan) ne-praseodymium (pu) ne-neodymium (nǚ).

Ngemva kwalokho, osokhemisi emhlabeni wonke banaka ngokukhethekile ukuhlukanisa izakhi ezintsha nezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezitholakele.

Ngo-1885, u-AVWelsbach, wase-Austrian, wathola i-praseodymium ne-neodymium exubeni le-praseodymium ne-neodymium ethathwa u-Mossander "njengezakhi ezintsha". Enye yazo yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-neodymium, kamuva eyenziwa yaba lula yaba i-Neodymium. Uphawu Nd yi-neodymium.

I-Neodymium, i-praseodymium, i-gadolinium (gá) ne-samarium (shan) zonke zahlukaniswa ku-didymium, eyayibhekwa njengento eyivelakancane yomhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo, i-didymium ayisalondolozwa. Ukutholakala kwabo okuvula umnyango wesithathu wokutholwa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba futhi kuyisigaba sesithathu sokutholakala kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye kuphela yomsebenzi esigabeni sesithathu.Ngokuqondile, isango le-cerium kufanele livulwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cerium kuqedwe, futhi enye ingxenye kufanele ivulwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-yttrium kuqedwe.

I-Neodymium, uphawu lwamakhemikhali Nd, insimbi emhlophe eyisiliva, ingenye yezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezisebenza kakhulu, enephuzu elincibilikayo elingu-1024°C, ukuminyana okungu-7.004 g/㎝, kanye ne-paramagnetism.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko:

I-Neodymium isiphenduke indawo eshisayo emakethe iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esiyingqayizivele emkhakheni wemihlaba engavamile. Umsebenzisi omkhulu wensimbi ye-neodymium yi-NdFeB unomphela uzibuthe. Ukufika kukazibuthe we-NdFeB unomphela kufake ubungqabavu obusha emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obungavamile. Uzibuthe we-NdFeB ubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yamazibuthe unomphela" ngenxa yomkhiqizo wawo onamandla kazibuthe.Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobuchwepheshe, imishini nezinye izimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu.

I-Neodymium iphinde isetshenziswe ezintweni ezingenayo insimbi. Ukwengeza u-1.5-2.5% we-neodymium ku-magnesium noma i-aluminium alloy kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuqina komoya kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ze-aerospace.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet ikhiqiza i-laser beam short-wave, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni nasekusikeni izinto ezincane ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-10mm embonini.

Ekwelashweni, i-Nd: I-LAG ye-LAG isetshenziselwa ukususa ukuhlinzwa noma ukukhipha amagciwane amanxeba esikhundleni se-scalpel. I-Neodymium iphinde isetshenziselwe ukufaka imibala ingilazi nezinto zobumba kanye njengesengezo semikhiqizo yenjoloba.

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa nokwelulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obungavamile, i-neodymium izoba nendawo ebanzi yokusebenzisa.

I-Neodymium (Nd) iyinsimbi engavamile yomhlaba. Okuphuzi okuphaphathekile, okufakwe i-oxidized kalula emoyeni, kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ingxubevange nengilazi yokubona.

Ngokuzalwa kwe-praseodymium, i-neodymium yaba khona. Ukufika kwe-neodymium kwasebenza inkambu yomhlaba engavamile, kwadlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni womhlaba ongavamile, futhi kwaba nomthelela emakethe yomhlaba eyivelakancane.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha zobumba, ingilazi ensomi egqamile, irubi yokwenziwa ngelaser kanye nengilazi ekhethekile ekwazi ukuhlunga imisebe ye-infrared. Isetshenziswa kanye ne-praseodymium ukwenza izibuko zokufutha ingilazi. I-Mich metal esetshenziswa ekwenzeni insimbi nayo iqukethe i-neodymium engu-18%.

I-Neodymium oxide Nd2 O3; Isisindo samangqamuzana singama-336.40; Impushana ye-lavender eqinile, ithinteke kalula ngokuswakama, imunca isikhutha emoyeni, ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-asidi ye-inorganic. Ukuminyana kwesihlobo ngu-7.24. Indawo yokuncibilika icishe ibe ngu-1900 ℃, futhi i-valence oxide ephezulu ye-neodymium ingakhiwa kancane ngokushisisa emoyeni.

Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela, ama-colorants wengilazi kanye ne-ceramics nezinto ze-laser.

I-Nanometer neodymium oxide isetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwengilazi nezinto zobumba, imikhiqizo yerabha kanye nezithasiselo.

Pr-nd metal; Ifomula yamangqamuzana ithi Pr-Nd; Izakhiwo: I-metallic block eyisiliva-grey, i-metallic luster, ekhishwa kalula emoyeni. Inhloso: Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zikazibuthe unomphela.

I-Protective treatmentneodymium inokucasuka okunamandla emehlweni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukucasuka okumaphakathi esikhunjeni, nokuhogela umoya nakho kungabangela i-pulmonary embolism kanye nokulimala kwesibindi.

Into yesenzo:

Ukucasula emehlweni, isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula.

Isixazululo:

1. Ukuhogela: shiya indawo emoyeni omusha. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

2. Ukuthintana kwamehlo: Phakamisa ijwabu leso bese ugeza ngamanzi agobhozayo noma ngosawoti ovamile. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

3. Ukuthinta isikhumba: Khumula izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza ngamanzi agelezayo.

4. Ukudla: Phuza amanzi amaningi afudumele ukuze ubangele ukuhlanza. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

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