Igama elithi 'i-catalyst' belisetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kodwa selaziwa kabanzi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, cishe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 lapho ukungcoliswa komoya nezinye izinkinga zaba yinkinga. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekujuleni kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali abantu ababengakwazi ukuzibona, ngokuthula kodwa ngokuqhubekayo amashumi eminyaka. Kuyinsika enkulu embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi ngokutholakala kwezinto ezintsha ezibangela umfutho, imboni enkulu yamakhemikhali ayikathuthuki kuze kube yilapho imboni yempahla ehlobene. Isibonelo, ukutholakala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi zensimbi kwabeka isisekelo semboni yamakhemikhali yesimanje, kuyilapho ukutholakala kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-titanium kwavula indlela yezimboni ze-petrochemical kanye ne-polymer synthesis. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwasekuqaleni kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile nakho kwaqala ngama-catalysts. Ngo-1885, u-CAV Welsbach wase-Austrian wafaka isixazululo se-nitric acid esiqukethe u-99% ThO2 kanye no-1% we-CeO2 ku-asbestos ukwenza i-catalyst, eyasetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza izibani zezibani zesitimu.
Kamuva, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nokujula kocwaningo kuimihlaba engavamile, kwatholakala ukuthi ngenxa yomphumela omuhle we-synergistic phakathi komhlaba ongavamile nezinye izakhi ze-catalytic zensimbi, izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ze-catalytic ezenziwe kuzo azigcini nje ngokuba nokusebenza okuhle kwe-catalytic, kodwa futhi zinokusebenza okuhle kokulwa nobuthi kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu. Ziningi kakhulu ngezinsiza, ishibhile ngentengo, futhi zizinzile ekusebenzeni kunezinsimbi eziyigugu, futhi seziphenduke amandla amasha emkhakheni we-catalytic. Njengamanje, ama-catalysts omhlaba angavamile asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokuqhekeka kwe-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust yezimoto, kanye nokushiswa kwegesi yemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ongavamile emkhakheni wezinto ze-catalytic kubala isabelo esikhulu. I-United States idla ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba engavamile ku-catalysis, futhi i-China nayo idla inani elikhulu kule ndawo.
Izinto zokwakha ezingavamile zomhlaba ziyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yendabuko efana ne-petroleum nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi njengoba kusondela i-Beijing 2008 Olympics kanye ne-Shanghai 2010 World Expo, isidingo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ezikhuthazayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, njengokuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust yezimoto, ukushiswa kwegesi yemvelo, uwoyela wemboni yezokupheka. ukuhlanzwa komusi, ukuhlanzwa kwegesi ekhishwa yizimboni, kanye nokuqedwa kwegesi engcolile yezinto eziphilayo, kuzokwanda kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2023