Ngo-1788, uKarl Arrhenius, isikhulu saseSweden esasiyimfundamakhwela esafunda amakhemikhali kanye ne-mineralogy futhi saqoqa insimbi, wathola amaminerali amnyama abukeka njengetiyela namalahle edolobhaneni laseYtterby ngaphandle kwaseStockholm Bay, eliqanjwe ngokuthi yiYtterbit ngokwegama lendawo.
Ngo-1794, usokhemisi waseFinland uJohn Gadolin wahlaziya lesi sampula se-Itebite. Kwatholakala ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-oxide e-beryllium, i-silicon, nensimbi, i-oxide equkethe ama-38% wezakhi ezingaziwa ibizwa ngokuthi "umhlaba omusha". Ngo-1797, usokhemisi waseSweden u-Anders Gustaf Ekeberg waqinisekisa lo “mhlaba omusha” futhi wawuqamba ngokuthi i-yttrium earth (okusho i-oxide ye-yttrium).
I-Yttriumiyinsimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi enokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko okulandelayo.
(1) Izithasiselo zensimbi nezingxubevange ezingenayo insimbi. Ama-alloys e-FeCr ngokuvamile aqukethe i-0.5% kuya ku-4% yttrium, engathuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye ne-ductility yalezi zinsimbi ezingenasici; Ngemva kokwengeza inani elifanele lengxube yomhlaba ecebile ye-yttrium ecebile eyivelakancane ku-MB26 ingxubevange, ukusebenza jikelele kwengxubevange kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, okungase esikhundleni samanye ama-alloys aphakathi nendawo amandla e-aluminium ukuze asetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ezithwala umthwalo wendiza; Ukwengeza inani elincane le-yttrium elicebile elingavamile emhlabeni ku-Al Zr alloy kungathuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-alloy; Le ngxubevange yamukelwe yizimboni eziningi zezintambo zasekhaya; Ukwengeza i-yttrium kuma-alloys ethusi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza namandla okusebenza.
(2) Izinto zobumba ze-silicon nitride eziqukethe u-6% yttrium kanye no-2% we-aluminium zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izingxenye zenjini.
(3) Sebenzisa i-400W neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet laser beam ukuze wenze ukucubungula ngomshini njengokumba, ukusika, nokushisela ezintweni ezinkulu.
(4) Isikrini se-electron microscope fluorescent esakhiwe amawafa ekristalu eyodwa ye-Y-A1 garnet sinokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-fluorescence, ukumunca okuphansi kokukhanya okuhlakazekile, ukumelana kahle nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuguga komshini.
(5) Ama-alloys esakhiwo se-yttrium ephezulu aqukethe kufika ku-90% yttrium angasetshenziswa endizeni nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuminyana okuphansi nendawo yokuncibilika ephezulu.
(6) Okwamanje, i-yttrium doped SrZrO3 yokwenziwa kwe-proton ephezulu yezinga lokushisa idonse ukunaka okukhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amaseli kaphethiloli, amaseli e-electrolytic kanye nezinzwa zegesi ezidinga ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yttrium iphinde isetshenziswe njengento yokufafaza ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-diluent kaphethiloli we-nuclear reactor, isithasiselo esibonakalayo sikazibuthe esihlala njalo kanye ne-getter embonini ye-elekthronikhi.
Insimbi ye-Yttrium inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa, ne-yttrium aluminium garnet esetshenziswa njenge-laser material, i-yttrium iron garnet esetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe be-microwave nokudluliswa kwamandla omsindo, kanye ne-europium doped yttrium vanadate kanye ne-europium doped yttrium oxide esetshenziswa njenge-phosphors kumathelevishini ombala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-21-2023