Ngo-1879, amakhemikhali eSweden Chemistry Lf Nilson (1840-1899) ne-PT Cleve (1840-1905) athole into entsha kumaminerali angavamile eGadilinite naseBlack are aut mayelana naleso sikhathi. Baqamba le nto "Ikhentiyamu", okwakuyinto" ye-boron efana ne- "BORON njengento ebikezelwe nguMendeleV. Ukutholwa kwazo futhi kufakazela ukunemba komthetho wezikhathi ezithile kwezinto nezinto zonke zikaMendelev.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zaseLanthanide, iScandium ine-Ionic Radius encane kakhulu ne-ionic radius kanye ne-alkalinity ye-hydroxide nayo ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinto zomhlaba zeScandium nezingavamile zihlanganiswa ndawonye, ziphathwa nge-ammonia (noma i-alkali ye-dilutes (noma i-scandium zizolunga kuqala. Ngakho-ke, ingahlukaniswa kalula ngezinto zomhlaba ezingandile yindlela ethi "graded stericituration". Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukubola kwe-polar kwe-nitrate yokuhlukaniswa, ngoba iScandium Nitrate ilula kakhulu ukubola, ukuze ifinyelele inhloso yokwahlukana.
Insimbi yeScandium ingatholwa nge-electrolysis. Ngesikhathi sokucwengwa kweScandium,I-SCCL3, Kcl, kanye ne-licl kuncibilikisiwe, futhi i-zinten zinc isetshenziswa njenge-cathode ye-electrolysis ukuze i-scandium eqondile ku-zinc electrode. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-zinc ihanjiswa ukuze ithole insimbi yeScandium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukululama Scandium lapho ucubungula i-ore ukukhiqiza izinto ze-uranium, i-torium, kanye nezinto zaseLanthanide. Ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kweScandium ehambisana nalokhu kusuka kuma-tungsten kanye nama-tin mines nakho kungumthombo obalulekile weScandium. I-Scandium ikakhulukazi isesimweni se-trivallent kumakhompiyutha futhi ifakwe kalulaI-SC2O3Emoyeni, elahlekelwa yi-luster yensimbi yayo futhi uphenduke impunga emnyama. I-Scandium ingasabela ngamanzi ashisayo ukukhulula i-hydrogen futhi incibilika kalula kuma-acid, okwenza kube yi-ejenti eqinile yokunciphisa. Ama-oxides nama-hydroxides eScandium akhombisa kuphela i-alkality, kepha umlotha wawo usawoti awunakuphelelwa yi-hydrolyzed. I-chloride yeScandium iyi-crystal emhlophe enyakazisa kalula emanzini futhi ingadiliza emoyeni. Izicelo zalo eziphambili zimi ngokulandelayo.
. Isibonelo, engeza inani elincane leScandium ku-Iron ebilisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zensimbi, ngenkathi ungeza inani elincane leScandium ku-aluminium kungathuthukisa amandla alo nokuphikiswa kokushisa.
. Ama-Ferrites aqukethe i-Scandium futhi abe nezicelo ezithembisayo kuma-magnetic magnetic.
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(4) Embonini yengilazi, ingilazi ekhethekile equkethe i-scandium ingenziwa.
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I-Scandium ikhona ngesimo se-15sc ngokwemvelo, futhi kukhona futhi ama-isotopece ayi-9 we-Scandium, okungukuthi 40-44Sc no-16-49sc. Phakathi kwazo, i-46SC isetshenziswe njenge-tracer kumakhemikhali, ama-metallurgical, kanye nezinkundla zasolwandle. Kwezokwelapha, kukhona nezifundo phesheya usebenzisa ama-46sc ukwelapha umdlavuza.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-19-2023