Ingxubevange ye-Magnesium inezici zesisindo sokukhanya, ukuqina okuqondile okuphezulu, ukumanzisa okuphezulu, ukudlidliza kanye nokunciphisa umsindo, ukumelana nemisebe ye-electromagnetic, akukho ukungcola ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugaywa kabusha, njll., futhi izinsiza ze-magnesium ziningi, ezingasetshenziselwa intuthuko esimeme. Ngakho-ke, ingxubevange ye-magnesium yaziwa ngokuthi "izinto zokwakha ezikhanyayo neziluhlaza ngekhulu lama-21". Iveza ukuthi esikhathini sesisindo esilula, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola embonini yezokukhiqiza ngekhulu lama-21, Inkambiso yokuthi ingxube ye-magnesium izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu iphinde ibonise ukuthi ukwakheka kwezimboni zezinto zensimbi zomhlaba okuhlanganisa neChina kuzoshintsha. Kodwa-ke, ama-alloys endabuko e-magnesium anobuthakathaka obuthile, obufana ne-oxidation nokuvutha kalula, akukho ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okuphansi kanye namandla aphansi ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ithiyori nokwenza kukhombisa ukuthi umhlaba ongavamile uyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ethembisayo yokunqoba lobu buthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-magnesium eningi yaseShayina kanye nemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane, ukuyithuthukisa futhi isetshenziswe ngokwesayensi, futhi kwakhiwe uchungechunge lwezinhlayiya ze-magnesium zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezinezici zesiShayina, futhi siguqule izinzuzo zensiza zibe izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.
Ukuzijwayeza umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi, ukuthatha indlela yentuthuko esimeme, ukuzijwayeza umgwaqo omusha wezimboni owonga izinsiza kanye nemvelo, futhi unikeze ukukhanya, okuthuthukile futhi okungabizi kakhulu okungavamile komhlaba okusekela ingxube ye-magnesium alloy yezindiza, i-aerospace, ezokuthutha, "Ezintathu Izimboni ze-C" kanye nazo zonke izimboni zokukhiqiza seziphenduke izindawo ezishisayo nemisebenzi ebalulekile yezwe, izimboni kanye nabacwaningi abaningi. Ingxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nenani eliphansi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yiphuzu lokuphumelela namandla okuthuthukisa okwandisa ukusetshenziswa ingxube ye-magnesium.
Ngo-1808, u-Humphrey Davey wahlukanisa i-mercury ne-magnesium kusukela ku-amalgam okokuqala, futhi ngo-1852 i-Bunsen i-electrolyzed magnesium isuka ku-magnesium chloride okokuqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-magnesium ne-alloy yayo ibe sesiteji somlando njengento entsha. I-Magnesium nama-alloys ayo athuthukiswa ngokugxuma kanye nemingcele phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamandla aphansi e-magnesium ehlanzekile, kunzima ukusetshenziswa njengento ehlelekile yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi ye-magnesium i-alloying, okungukuthi, ukwengeza ezinye izinhlobo zezakhi ze-alloying ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi ye-magnesium ngokusebenzisa isixazululo esiqinile, imvula, ukuhluzwa okusanhlamvu nokuqinisa ukuhlakazeka, ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. yendawo yokusebenza enikeziwe.
Iyingxenye eyinhloko yengxubevange yengxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile, futhi iningi lama-alloys e-magnesium ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa aqukethe izakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Ingxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile inezici zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ocwaningweni lokuqala lwe-magnesium alloy, umhlaba ongavamile usetshenziswa kuphela ezintweni ezithile ngenxa yentengo yawo ephezulu. Ingxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emasimini ezempi kanye ne-aerospace.Nokho, ngokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezenhlalakahle, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili ekusebenzeni kwe-magnesium alloy, futhi ngokunciphisa izindleko zomhlaba ezingavamile, ingxube ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile iye yaba kakhulu. inwetshiwe emikhakheni yezempi neyomphakathi njenge-aerospace, imicibisholo, izimoto, ukuxhumana ngogesi, izinsimbi nokunye. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-magnesium alloy yomhlaba engavamile kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine:
Isigaba sokuqala: Ngo-1930s, kwatholakala ukuthi ukwengeza izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ku-Mg-Al alloy kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwengxubevange.
Isigaba sesibili: Ngo-1947, u-Sauerwarld wathola ukuthi ukwengeza i-Zr ku-Mg-RE alloy kungacwenga ngempumelelo okusanhlamvu kwe-alloy. Lokhu okutholakele kuxazulule inkinga yezobuchwepheshe yengxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile, futhi kwabeka ngempela isisekelo socwaningo nokusebenzisa ingxubevange ye-magnesium engazweli ukushisa.
Isigaba sesithathu: Ngo-1979, i-Drits nabanye bathola ukuthi ukungeza u-Y kwaba nomthelela onenzuzo kakhulu kungxube ye-magnesium, okwakungenye into ebalulekile etholakele ekwakheni ingxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba engavamile ukumelana nokushisa. Ngalesi sisekelo, uchungechunge lwama-alloys ohlobo lwe-WE olunokumelana nokushisa namandla aphezulu lwakhiwe. Phakathi kwazo, amandla aqinile, amandla okukhathala kanye nokumelana nokukhasa kwe-WE54 ingxubevange kuqhathaniswa nalawo e-cast aluminium alloy ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Isigaba sesine: Ngokuyinhloko sibhekisela ekuhloleni kwengxube ye-Mg-HRE (i-heavy rare earth) kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s ukuze kutholwe ingxubevange ye-magnesium esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinkambu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kuzinto ezisindayo zomhlaba ezingavamile, ngaphandle kwe-Eu ne-Yb, ukuncibilika okuphezulu okuqinile ku-magnesium cishe ku-10% ~ 28%, futhi okuphezulu kungafinyelela ku-41%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezikhanyayo, izakhi zomhlaba ezisindayo ezingavamile zinokuncibilika okuqinile okuphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncibilika okuqinile kuncipha ngokushesha ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa, okunemiphumela emihle yokuqinisa isisombululo esiqinile nokuqinisa imvula.
Kunemakethe enkulu yokufaka isicelo se-magnesium alloy, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesizinda sokushoda okwandayo kwezinsiza zensimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium nethusi emhlabeni, izinzuzo zensiza kanye nezinzuzo zomkhiqizo we-magnesium zizosetshenziswa ngokugcwele, futhi i-magnesium alloy izoba yi-alloy. izinto zobunjiniyela ezikhuphuka ngokushesha. Ebhekene nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinto zensimbi ye-magnesium emhlabeni, i-China, njengomkhiqizi omkhulu kanye nomthumeli wemithombo ye-magnesium, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ucwaningo olujulile lwethiyori kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwe-magnesium alloy. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, isivuno esiphansi semikhiqizo evamile ye-magnesium alloy, ukumelana nokukhuphuka okuncane, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuseyizingqinamba ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium alloy ngezinga elikhulu.
Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-electronic extranuclear. Ngakho-ke, njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-alloying, izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zidlala indima eyingqayizivele emikhakheni ye-metallurgy kanye nempahla, njengokuhlanza ingxubevange encibilikayo, ukucwengisiswa kwesakhiwo sengxubevange, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-alloy mechanical kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, njll. Njengezinto ze-alloying noma izakhi ze-microalloying,Imihlaba engavamile ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ensimbi kanye nonferrous metal alloys. Emkhakheni we-magnesium alloy, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-magnesium alloy ukumelana nokushisa, ukuhlanzwa okuvelele nokuqinisa izakhiwo zomhlaba ongavamile kancane kancane kubonwa ngabantu. Umhlaba ongavamile uthathwa njengengxenye ye-alloying enevelu yokusetshenziswa kakhulu namandla amakhulu okuthuthuka kungxubevange ye-magnesium engashi, futhi indima yawo eyingqayizivele ayikwazi ukuthathelwa indawo ezinye izakhi ze-alloying.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe benze ukubambisana okukhulu, besebenzisa i-magnesium nemithombo yomhlaba engavamile ukutadisha ngokuhlelekile ama-alloys e-magnesium aqukethe umhlaba ongavamile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences izibophezele ekuhloleni nasekuthuthukiseni ama-alloys e-magnesium asemhlabeni amasha anezindleko eziphansi nokusebenza okuphezulu, futhi izuze imiphumela ethile. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2022