Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys

ingxubevange yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile

Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamileizinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto zikazibuthe ze-NdFeB ezihlala njalo, izinto ezisetshenziswa yimagnetostrictive, njll. Zibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini zensimbi ezingezona ayoni nezinsimbi. Kodwa umsebenzi wayo wensimbi unamandla kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuwukhipha kuma-compounds awo usebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo i-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa ukuze kukhiqizwe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kusuka kuma-chloride omhlaba angavamile, ama-fluoride, nama-oxides. I-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe iyindlela eyinhloko yezimboni yokukhiqiza izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixubile ezinamaphoyinti aphansi ancibilikayo, kanye nenye.izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilefuthiizingxube zomhlaba ezingavamilenjengei-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, futhii-neodymium. Inezici zesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhiqiza, asikho isidingo sokuncishiswa kwama-ejenti, ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo, nomnotho oqhathaniswayo kanye nokwenza lula.

Ukukhiqizwa kweizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilekanye nama-alloys nge-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe ingenziwa ezinhlelweni ezimbili zikasawoti ezincibilikisiwe, okungukuthi uhlelo lwe-chloride kanye nesistimu ye-fluoride oxide. Owokuqala unendawo encibilikayo ephansi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi, nokusebenza okulula; Lokhu kokugcina kunokwakheka kwe-electrolyte okuzinzile, akulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-hydrolyze, futhi kunezinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme ze-electrolysis. Kancane kancane iye yashintsha eyangaphambili futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Nakuba lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zinezici zenqubo ezihlukene, imithetho yetiyori ye-electrolysis ngokuyisisekelo iyahambisana.

Ukuze esindayoizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilengamaphoyinti aphezulu okuncibilika, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-distillation isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Le ndlela inezinga elincane lokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kwezikhawu, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, kodwa ingathola imikhiqizo ehlanzekile ngokusebenzisa i-distillation eminingi. Ngokwezinhlobo zama-agent okunciphisa, kukhona indlela yokunciphisa i-calcium, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-lithium, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-lanthanum (cerium), indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-silicon, indlela yokunciphisa i-carbon thermal, njll.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2023