Indlela yokukhipha i-solvent
Indlela yokusebenzisa izincibilikisi eziphilayo ukuze kukhishwe futhi kuhlukaniswe into ekhishiwe esixazululweni se-aqueous immiscible ibizwa ngokuthi i-organic solvent liquid-liquid extraction method, efushanisiwe njengendlela yokukhipha i-solvent. Kuyinqubo yokudlulisa ngobuningi edlulisa izinto ukusuka kwesinye isigaba soketshezi kuya kwesinye.
Ukukhishwa kwe-solvent kusetshenziswe ngaphambili embonini ye-petrochemical, i-organic chemistry, i-chemistry yezokwelapha kanye ne-analytical chemistry. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bamandla e-athomu, isidingo sezinto ze-ultrapure kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezakhi zokulandelela, ukukhishwa kwe-solvent kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu embonini yamafutha enuzi, i-metallurgy engavamile nezinye izimboni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlukanisa ezifana nemvula elinganiselwe, i-crystallization yezinga, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwe-ion, i-solvent extraction inochungechunge lwezinzuzo ezifana nomphumela omuhle wokuhlukanisa, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, ukunethezeka kokukhiqiza okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo, futhi kulula ukufeza ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane sekuyiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokuhlukanisa inani elikhulu lemihlaba engavamile.
Imishini yokuhlukanisa yendlela yokukhipha i-solvent ihlanganisa ithangi lokucacisa, i-centrifugal extractor, njll. I-extractants esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umhlaba ongavamile ihlanganisa: ama-cationic extractants amelelwa ama-acidic phosphate esters afana ne-P204 ne-P507, i-anion exchange liquid N1923 emelwe ama-amine, kanye ne-solvent extractants. imelelwa ama-phosphate esters angathathi hlangothi njenge-TBP ne-P350. Lawa ma-extractants ane-viscosity ephezulu kanye nokuminyana, okwenza kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa namanzi. Ngokuvamile iyahlanjululwa futhi iphinde isetshenziswe nezincibilikisi ezifana nophalafini.
Inqubo yokukhipha ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukukhipha, ukuwasha, nokuhlehlisa isizinda. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali zokukhipha izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile nezinto ezihlakazekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-20-2023