Okwamanje,umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu: zendabuko kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu wezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, zingakwazi ukuhlanza ezinye izinsimbi futhi zisetshenziswe kabanzi embonini ye-metallurgical. Ukwengeza ama-earth oxides ensimbi encibilikisayo kungasusa ukungcola okufana ne-arsenic, i-antimony, i-bismuth, njll. Amandla aphezulu aphansi we-alloy steel eyenziwe ngama-oxides ayivelakancane yomhlaba angasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye zezimoto, futhi ingacindezelwa emapuletini ensimbi namapayipi ensimbi, asetshenziswe. wokukhiqiza amapayipi kawoyela negesi.
Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zinomsebenzi ophezulu we-catalytic futhi zisetshenziswa njengama-catalytic cracking agents ekuqhekekeni kwe-petroleum embonini ye-petroleum ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno samafutha alula. Imihlaba eyivelakancane iphinde isetshenziswe njengezihlanzi ze-catalytic zokukhipha umoya wezimoto, okomisa upende, okokuqinisa ukushisa kwepulasitiki, nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali efana nerabha yokwenziwa, uvolo wokwenziwa, nenayiloni. Kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wamakhemikhali nomsebenzi wokufaka umbala we-ionic wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, asetshenziswa ezimbonini zengilazi neze-ceramic ukuze kucaciswe ingilazi, ukupholisha, ukudaya, ukukhipha umbala, kanye nezimibala-bala ze-ceramic. Ngokokuqala ngqa eShayina, umhlaba ongavamile usetshenziselwe ezolimo njengezinto zokulandela umkhondo kumanyolo omningi oyinhlanganisela, okugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko, izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zeqembu le-cerium zisetshenziswa kakhulu, ezibalela cishe u-90% wesamba esisetshenziswayo.umhlaba ongavamileizakhi.
Kuzicelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-elekthronikhi seumhlaba ongavamile,amazinga ahlukahlukene wamandla okushintsha kwe-elekthronikhi akhiqiza i-spectra ekhethekile. Ama-oxides wei-yttrium, i-terbium, futhieuropiumasetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-phosphor abomvu kumathelevishini anemibala, izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokubonisa, kanye nasekukhiqizeni izimpushana zesibani se-fluorescent ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezikhethekile zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ukwenza izibuthe ezihlukahlukene ezihlala njalo, ezinjengamamagnethi ahlala njalo e-samarium cobalt kanye nozibuthe be-neodymium iron boron unomphela, kunamathemba abanzi okusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengamamotho kagesi, amadivaysi e-imaging magnetic resonance, i-maglev. izitimela, namanye ama-optoelectronics. Ingilazi yeLanthanum isetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla yamalensi ahlukahlukene, amalensi, nemicu yokubona. Ingilazi ye-Cerium isetshenziswa njengento ekwazi ukumelana nemisebe. Ingilazi ye-Neodymium kanye ne-yttrium aluminium garnet amakristalu ayinhlanganisela yomhlaba ayizinto ezibalulekile ze-auroral.
Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ama-ceramics ahlukahlukene ngokungezwa kwei-neodymium oxide,i-lanthanum oxide, futhii-yttrium oxideZisetshenziswa njengezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-capacitor. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amabhethri e-nickel hydrogen aphinde ashajwe. Embonini yamandla e-athomu, i-yttrium oxide isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinduku zokulawula ama-reactors enuzi. Ama-alloys angasindi ukumelana nokushisa enziwe ngezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zeqembu le-cerium kanye ne-aluminium ne-magnesium asetshenziswa embonini ye-aerospace ukwenza izingxenye zezindiza, izindiza-mkhathi, imicibisholo, amarokhethi, nokunye. Imihlaba eyivelakancane iphinde isetshenziswe ezintweni ze-superconducting kanye ne-magnetostrictive, kodwa lesi sici sisesigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko.
Izindinganiso zekhwalithi zeinsimbi yomhlaba engavamileizinsiza zihlanganisa izici ezimbili: izidingo ezijwayelekile zezimboni zediphozithi yomhlaba eyivelakancane kanye namazinga ekhwalithi ama-concentrate omhlaba angavamile. Okuqukethwe kwe-F, CaO, TiO2, kanye ne-TFe ku-fluorocarbon cerium ore concentrate kuzohlaziywa umphakeli, kodwa ngeke kusetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokuhlola; Izinga lekhwalithi lokugxila okuxubile kwe-bastnaesite ne-monazite lisebenza ekugxiliseni okutholwe ngemva kokuhlomula. Ukungcola P kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-CaO komkhiqizo webanga lokuqala kunikeza idatha kuphela futhi akusetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlola; I-Monazite concentrate isho ukugxila kwetshe lesanti ngemuva kokuhlomula; I-Phosphorus yttrium ore concentrate iphinde ibhekisele ekugxilweni okutholakala ekuzuzeni itshe esihlabathini.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokuvikelwa kwe-ores eyinhloko yomhlaba engavamile kuhilela ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ama-ores. I-Flotation, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, kanye nokuzuza kwenqubo ehlanganisiwe konke sekusetshenziselwe ukunothisa amaminerali omhlaba angavamile. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukugaywa kabusha zifaka izinhlobo nesimo sokwenzeka kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, ukwakheka, ukwakheka, nezici zokusabalalisa amaminerali omhlaba ayivelakancane, kanye nezinhlobo nezici zamaminerali e-ganggue. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlomula zidinga ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile.
Ukuhlomula kwensimbi eyisisekelo yomhlaba eyivelakancane ngokuvamile kusebenzisa indlela yokuntanta, evame ukulekelelwa amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, kwakha inhlanganisela yamandla adonsela phansi e-flotation, izinqubo zamandla adonsela phansi wokuhlukana kazibuthe. Izindawo ezingavamile zokubeka umhlaba zigxile kakhulu amandla adonsela phansi, alekelelwa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukuntanta, nokuhlukaniswa kukagesi. Idiphozithi yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile ye-Baiyunebo e-Inner Mongolia ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-monazite ne-fluorocarbon cerium ore. I-concentrate yomhlaba eyivelakancane equkethe u-60% REO ingatholwa ngokusebenzisa inqubo ehlanganisiwe yokuwasha okuxubile okuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi okuhlukanisa i-flotation. Idiphozithi yomhlaba engavamile yase-Yaniuping e-Mianning, e-Sichuan ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-fluorocarbon cerium ore, kanye nokugxilwa komhlaba okungavamile okuqukethe u-60% REO nakho kutholakala kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi. Ukukhethwa kwama-ejenti okuntanta kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yendlela yokuntanta yokucubungula amaminerali. Amaminerali omhlaba ayivelakancane akhiqizwa imayini ye-Nanshan Haibin placer e-Guangdong ikakhulukazi i-monazite ne-yttrium phosphate. I-slurry etholwe ekugezeni kwamanzi adaluliwe ingaphansi kwe-spiral beneficiation, ilandelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, okungezelelwa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kanye nokuntanta, ukuthola ukugxila kwe-monazite okuqukethe i-60.62% REO kanye nokugxila kwe-phosphorite equkethe i-Y2O525.35%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2023