Kule ngxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule, ucwaningo olubanzi lwenziwe mayelana nemiphumela ye-catalytic yezinto ezingavamile (ikakhulukazi ama-oxides nama-chloride), futhi eminye imiphumela evamile itholakele, engafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Kusakhiwo se-elekthronikhi seizakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ama-electron angu-4f atholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi futhi avikelwe ama-electron angu-5s no-5p, kuyilapho ukuhlelwa kwama-electron angaphandle anquma izici zamakhemikhali zento efanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nomthelela we-catalytic wesici soguquko sika-d, asikho isici esisobala, futhi umsebenzi awukho phezulu njengalowo wesici soguquko;
2. Ekuphenduleni okuningi, umsebenzi we-catalytic wesici ngasinye somhlaba ongavamile awushintshi kakhulu, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-12, ikakhulukazi ku-h.izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamilelapho cishe lungekho ushintsho lomsebenzi. Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphelele kusici soguquko d, futhi umsebenzi wabo kwesinye isikhathi ungahluka ngama-oda amaningana wobukhulu; Umsebenzi we-catalytic wezinto ezi-3 zomhlaba ezingavamile zingahlukaniswa ngokuyisisekelo zibe izinhlobo ezimbili. Olunye uhlobo luhambisana noshintsho lwe-monotonic enanini lama-electron (1-14) ku-4f orbital, njenge-hydrogenation ne-dehydrogenation, kanti olunye uhlobo luhambisana noshintsho lwezikhathi ezithile ekuhlelweni kwama-electron (1-7, 7-14). ) ku-4f orbital, njenge-oxidation;
4. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-catalyst wezimboni aqukethe izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ngokuvamile aqukethe inani elincane lezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezisebenzayo kuma-co catalyst noma ama-catalyst axubile.
Empeleni, ama-catalyst ayizinto ezinemisebenzi ekhethekile. Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezinjalo, ngenxa yokuthi zinezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ze-catalytic, ezihlanganisa izici zokunciphisa i-oxidation kanye ne-acid-base, futhi azivamile ukwaziwa ezicini eziningi, nezindawo eziningi okufanele zithuthukiswe. ; Ezintweni eziningi ze-catalytic, izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zinokushintshana okukhulu nezinye izakhi, ezingasebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-catalyst, kanye nengxenye yesibili noma i-co catalyst. Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto ezikhuthazayo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene zokusabela okuhlukene; Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi ama-oxides, zinokuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa namakhemikhali, okunikeza ithuba lokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinto ezinjalo zokuvuselela. Ama-catalyst omhlaba angavamile asebenza kahle, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-catalytic.
Njengamanje, izinto zokwakha ezingavamile zomhlaba zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqhekezeni nasekuguquleni i-petroleum, ukuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust yezimoto, irabha yokwenziwa, kanye nezinkambu eziningi zamakhemikhali e-organic kanye ne-inorganic.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2023