I-Scandiumisici samakhemikhali esinophawu lwesiciSckanye nenombolo ye-athomu 21. I-elementi iyinsimbi eguquguqukayo ethambile, emhlophe esiliva evame ukuxutshwa nayoi-gadolinium, i-erbium, njll. Okukhiphayo kuncane kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kuqweqwe lomhlaba cishe ku-0.0005%.
1. Imfihlakalo yescandiumisici Iphuzu lokuncibilika kwescandiumngu-1541 ℃, indawo yokubilisa ngu-2836 ℃, kanti ukuminyana kungu-2.985 g/cm³. I-Scandium iyinsimbi ekhanyayo, emhlophe esiliva futhi esebenza kakhulu ngamakhemikhali futhi ingasabela ngamanzi ashisayo ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen. Ngakho-ke, i-scandium yensimbi oyibona esithombeni ivalwe ebhodleleni futhi ivikelwe nge-argon gas. Uma kungenjalo, i-scandium izosheshe yakhe ungqimba lwe-oxide obumnyama obumnyama noma obumpunga futhi ilahlekelwe ukucwebezela kwayo kwensimbi.
2. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-scandium Ukusetshenziswa kwe-scandium (njengento eyinhloko yokusebenza, hhayi i-doping) kugxilwe eziqondisweni ezikhanyayo kakhulu, futhi akuyona ihaba ukuyibiza ngokuthi indodana yokukhanya. 1). Isibani se-sodium ye-Scandium singasetshenziswa ukuletha ukukhanya ezinkulungwaneni zemizi. Lona umthombo wokukhanya kagesi we-halide wensimbi: i-bulb igcwele iodide ye-sodium ne-iodide ye-scandium, futhi i-scandium ne-sodium foil yengezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, ama-ion e-scandium nama-ion e-sodium ngokulandelana akhipha ukukhanya nobude bawo bokuphuma kwamaza. Imigqa ye-spectral ye-sodium iyimisebe ephuzi emibili edumile ku-589.0 naku-589.6nm, kuyilapho imigqa ye-spectral ye-scandium iwuchungechunge lokukhishwa kokukhanya okuseduze kwe-ultraviolet nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ku-361.3 kuya ku-424.7nm. Ngenxa yokuthi imibala ehambisanayo, umbala okhanyayo uwonke okhiqizwa ukukhanya okumhlophe. Kungenxa yokuthi isibani se-sodium ye-scandium sinezici zokukhanya okuphezulu okukhanyayo, umbala omuhle wokukhanya, ukonga amandla, impilo ende yesevisi kanye nekhono elinamandla lokuphula inkungu elingasetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhamera wethelevishini nezikwele, izinkundla, nokukhanyisa komgwaqo, futhi kuthiwa isizukulwane sesithathu. umthombo wokukhanya. E-China, lolu hlobo lwesibani luthuthukiswa kancane kancane njengobuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa kwamanye amazwe athuthukile, lolu hlobo lwesibani luye lwasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. 2). Amaseli e-solar photovoltaic angaqoqa ukukhanya okuhlakazekile phansi futhi akuguqule kube ugesi oshayela umphakathi wesintu. I-Scandium iyinsimbi yokuvimbela engcono kakhulu kumaseli e-metal-insulator-semiconductor silicon photovoltaic namaseli elanga. 3). Umthombo we-Gamma ray, lesi sikhali somlingo singazikhiphela ukukhanya okukhulu ngokwaso, kodwa lolu hlobo lokukhanya alukwazi ukutholwa ngamehlo ethu enqunu. Ukugeleza kwe-photon yamandla aphezulu. Esivame ukukukhipha kumaminerali yi-45Sc, okuwukuphela kwe-isotope yemvelo ye-scandium. I-nucleus ye-45Sc ngayinye inamaphrothoni angu-21 nama-neutron angu-24. Uma sifaka i-scandium emshinini wokuphehla amandla enuzi futhi siyiyeke imunce imisebe ye-neutron, njengokufaka inkawu esithandweni somlilo se-alchemy sase-Taishang Laojun izinsuku ezingu-7,749, i-46Sc ene-neutron eyodwa ngaphezulu ku-nucleus izozalwa. I-46Sc, i-isotope yokwenziwa enemisebe, ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo we-gamma ray noma i-athomu ye-tracer, futhi ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy yamathumba ayingozi. Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okungenakubalwa okufana namalaser e-yttrium-gallium-scandium garnet, i-scandium fluoride glass infrared optical fibers, namashubhu e-cathode ray e-scandium kumasethi kamabonakude. Kubonakala sengathi i-scandium ihloselwe ukugqama. 3. Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ze-scandium 1). Ikristalu ye-Terbium scandate (TbScO3) - ine-lattice ehambisana kahle nama-superconductors esakhiwo se-perovskite, futhi iyisici esihle kakhulu sefilimu emincane ye-ferroelectric.
2).I-aluminium scandium alloy- Okokuqala, iyingxube ye-aluminium esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Phakathi kwazo, i-microalloying kanye nokuqinisa kanye nokuqina kube yinto ehamba phambili yocwaningo lwe-aluminium alloy olusebenza kahle kakhulu eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. Ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, i-aerospace Amathemba okusebenza emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengemboni, imicibisholo yerokhethi, namandla enuzi abanzi kakhulu. 3).I-Scandium oxide- I-Scandium oxide inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba namakhemikhali, ngakho-ke inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto. Okokuqala, i-scandium oxide ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo ezintweni ze-ceramic, ezingathuthukisa ubulukhuni, amandla kanye nokugqoka ukumelana kwama-ceramics, okwenza kube okuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-scandium oxide ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-superconductor. Lezi zinto zikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kukagesi emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi zinamandla amakhulu wokusebenzisa. Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2024