Thululium, element 69 yetafula lesikhathi.
I-Thulium, into enokuqukethwe okuncane kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile, ikakhulukazi ama-coexists nezinye izinto eGadilinite, i-Exenotime, iBlack Gold Ore naseMonashite.
Ama-tulium ne-lanthanide Metal Elements Coexist eduze kwama-ores ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezifanayo ze-elektroniki, izakhiwo zazo ezingokomzimba nezomakhemikhali nazo zifana kakhulu, zenza ukukhishwa kanye nokwahlukana kunzima impela.
Ngo-1879, usokhemisi waseSweden wabona ukuthi inqwaba ye-athomu yenhlabathi ye-Erbium ayizange ihlale njalo lapho ifunda inhlabathi esele ngemuva kokuhlukanisa inhlabathi ye-ytbium futhi ekugcineni yaqhubeka nokuhlukanisa inhlabathi ye-ybium, ekugcineni yaqhubeka nokuhlukanisa inhlabathi ye-erbium, ekugcineni yaqhubeka nokuhlukanisa inhlabathi ye-erbium, ekugcineni yahlukanisa inhlabathi ye-erbium, ekugcineni inhlabathi nenhlabathi ye-tulium nenhlabathi.
I-Metal Thulium, i-Silver White, i-Doructile, ithambile, inganqunywa ngommese, inendawo ebilayo neyokubilisa, ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa kalula emoyeni, futhi ingalondoloze kalula ukubukeka kwensimbi. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile se-Electron Shell Shell, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-aLulium zifana kakhulu nalezo nezinye izinto zensimbi ze-lanthanide. Kungancibilika e-hydrochloric acid ukwakha okuluhlaza kancaneThulium (III) Chloride, futhi izinhlansi ezikhiqizwe izinhlayiya zalo ezivuthayo emoyeni nazo zingabonakala esondweni lezingxabano.
Amakhompiyutha e-Thulium nawo anezakhiwo ze-fluorescence futhi angakhipha i-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwesibani se-ultraviolet, esingasetshenziselwa ukudala amalebula okulwa nemali ephepheni imali. I-Isolium ye-Isotope ye-akopeactictictive nayo ingenye yemithombo yemisebe yezimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi okuxilonga kwezicelo zezokwelapha nangamazinyo, kanye namathuluzi okuthola amaphutha wezinto ezisebenza nge-elekthronikhi.
I-Thulium, okuhlaba umxhwele, yiThulium Laser Therapy Technology kanye namakhemikhali amasha angenamininingwane adaliwe ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-elektroniki esikhethekile se-extronic.
I-Thulium doped yttrium aluminium garnet ingakhipha i-laser nge-wavelength phakathi kuka-1930 ~ 2040 NM. Lapho i-laser yalesi band isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa, igazi endaweni yokufakelwa kuyo lizoqeda ngokushesha, inxeba lokuhlinzwa lincane, futhi i-hemostasis ilungile. Ngakho-ke, leaser ivame ukusetshenziselwa inqubo engahlaseli ye-prostate noma amehlo. Lolu hlobo lwe-laser lunokulahlekelwa okuphansi lapho ludluliswa emkhathini, futhi lungasetshenziswa ekuzwakale kude nasekuxhumaneni okukude. Isibonelo, i-Laser RangeFinder, i-radar yomoya ehambisanayo, njll., Izosebenzisa i-laser ekhishwe yi-Thulium doped fiber laser laser.
I-Thulium uhlobo olukhetheke kakhulu lwensimbi esifundeni se-F, kanye nezakhiwo zalo zokwakha izakhiwo ezinama-elektroni ku-F ungqimba zikhiphe ososayensi abaningi. Ngokuvamile, izinto zensimbi ze-lanthanide zingakhiqiza kuphela amakhompiyutha e-trivallent, kepha i-thulium ingenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezingakhiqiza amakhompiyutha ahlukile.
Ngo-1997, uMikhail Bochkalev waphayona ngamakhemikhali okusabela ahlobene nemicikilisho engokwahlukaniswa emhlabeni, futhi wathola ukuthi i-Vallent Thodium (III) i-Iodide ingashintsha kancane kancane kuphuzi we-tulium ion ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokusebenzisa lesi sici, i-thweliyamu ingaba yi-ejenti encamelayo eyakhayo yokomakhemikhali we-organic futhi inamandla okulungiselela amakhompiyutha ensimbi anezakhiwo ezikhethekile zamandla asetshenzisiwe, ubuchwepheshe basolwandle, kanye nokwelashwa kwemfucuza yenuzi. Ngokukhetha ama-ligands afanelekile, i-thulium nayo ingashintsha amandla ahlelekile we-redox yensimbi ethile. I-Samarium (II) i-iodide kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo okuchithwe ku-organic solvents enjenge-tetrahydroforunan kusetshenziswe ngamakhemikhali we-organic iminyaka engama-50 ukulawula ukusabela okukodwa kokuvundwa kwe-elektroni kochungechunge lwamaqembu asebenzayo. I-Thulium ibuye ibe nezimpawu ezifanayo, namakhono ayo e-ligand okulawula amakhompiyutha wensimbi e-organic kuyamangaza. Ukukhokhisa ukwakheka kwejometri kanye nokuqothuka kwe-orbital yenkimbinkimbi kungathinta ngababili be-redox. Kodwa-ke, njengento eyinqaba yomhlaba engavamile, izindleko eziphakeme ze-aLulium zikuvimbela okwesikhashana kusuka ekushintsheni i-jamarium, kodwa kusenawo amandla amakhulu kumakhemikhali amasha angajwayelekile.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-01-2023