Izindaba eziphezulu eziyi-10 zesayensi nobuchwepheshe zomhlaba ongavamile e-China ngo-2022 (1)

Isici somhlaba siyilungu elibalulekile lezinsimbi ezibalulekile. Isipho somhlaba esingavamile saseShayina siphakeme futhi sivela ikakhulukazi ku-Baiyun Obo, idiphozithi yomhlaba eyivelakancane eyivelakancane kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezingqinamba zezinhloso zokuhlola imayini, ithiyori yokumbiwa phansi komhlaba eyivelakancane kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola, kuye kwaba nokuqonda okuhlukene kwendlela yayo yokunothisa insimbi, i-ore body spatial morphology kanye nemithombo engaba khona, ekhawulela ukuhlolwa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane. . Ukuze kucaciswe indlela yokwakheka kwediphozi ye-Bayan Obo futhi kuhlolwe izinsiza ezingaba khona zomhlaba ongavamile, i-Institute of Geology and Geophysics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences yatshala amaphrojekthi abalulekile futhi yabambisana ne-Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. . kanye namayunithi ayo ahlobene ukuze enze inhlolovo yejiyoloji yesifunda enemininingwane, ukubuyekezwa kwemephu yezwe yesikali esingu-1:5000, inhlolovo ye-geophysical enezilinganiso eziningi kanye nocwaningo lwe-metallogenic e-Bayan Obo. Ngocwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwe-geology, geochemistry, geophysics kanye nezinye iziyalo, inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ye-Bayan Obo carbonatite magma kanye nendlela yokunothisa yomhlaba ongavamile kuye kwavezwa, indlela yokufaka i-carbonatite kanye nezici zokulawula insimbi yesakhiwo kuye kwacaciswa, ezintathu- ukwakheka kwe-dimensional ye-ore-bearing geological body yakhiwe, futhi imithombo yomhlaba engaba khona eyivelakancane iye yahlolwa kabusha. (1) Indawo yase-Baiyunebo ihlangabezane nokunyakaza kwe-tectonic okuningi. Ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamatshe e-carbonate, amatshe e-Proterozoic sedimentary asekuqaleni amaphakathi (i-Baiyunebo group quartz sandstone, conglomerate, slate, njll.) endaweni yezimayini enze isenzo se-tectonic sokucindezela kwesifunda, futhi i-strata evundlile ithathelwe indawo izakhiwo zokwenza amatshe amatshe. ukwakheka kwekhekhe, i-mylonite, ukugoqa, njll. I-EW esanda kwakhiwa ethrendayo kanye ne-tectonic schistosity ewumqansa inikeza umgudu ovumayo wokukhushulwa kwe-carbonated magma yeminyaka engu-~ 1.3 billion (Fig. 1). Ukusatshalaliswa, ukuchayeka kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kokuqala noma sekwephuzile kwamatshe e-sedimentary e-Middle Proterozoic Baiyunebo Group endaweni yezimayini kudingeka kuphinde kubhekwe.

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Umfanekiso 1 Umlando wokuThuthukiswa kanye nokufakwa kwe-carbonate ye-Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo basin

(2) I-Baiyunebo H8 dolomite iyidwala elivuthayo le-carbonate, elinobudlelwane obusobala obuphazamisayo nedwala elizungezile. I-Carbonate rock iyidwala elingumzali le-rare earth mineralization kanye nomzimba we-earth ore ongavamile. Ukuqoqwa kwezinsimbi ezinkulu e-Bayan Obo kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-~ 1.3 billion. I-Carbonic magma inomkhuba wokuvela kwe-iron-magnesium-calcareous, futhi izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile emadwaleni e-carbonate ezigabeni ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezikhanyayo, zibonisa inkambiso yokunothisa kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwediphozithi, yaba nezinguquko ezimbili ku-Early Paleozoic (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-450 ~ 400) kanye ne-Late Paleozoic (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-280 ~ 260) ngokulandelanayo. Inqubo yoguquko yaholela ekusebenzeni komhlaba ongavamile kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaminerali amasha, kodwa kwakungekho okusobala okungeziwe komhlaba ongavamile wangaphandle.

(3) Ukusatshalaliswa kwamatshe e-carbonate okuvezwe emiphumeleni eguquguqukayo ye-anomalies kazibuthe kunezici eziyisisekelo zokusatshalaliswa kwempumalanga-ntshonalanga. I-ore eyinhloko kanye ne-east ore yizindawo eziyinhloko zokusabalalisa umzimba kazibuthe. I-ore eyinhloko kanye ne-east ore kuxhunywe izindawo zokusabalalisa amadwala e-carbonate, futhi ukujula kokuthuthukiswa kwamadwala e-carbonate kukhulu. Umzimba ophakeme kazibuthe odidayo kanye nomzimba we-resistive anomaly ophansi uveza ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kwetshe le-carbonate (umzimba wensimbi) (Umfanekiso 2). I-carbonatite e-Bayan Obo inendawo yokubeka futhi ijabulela isiteshi se-magma esifanayo endaweni ejulile. Isikhungo sitholakala phakathi kwe-ore eyinhloko kanye ne-east ore. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-carbonated magma, i-foliation ewumqansa eyakhiwe ngokushintshwa kwesakhiwo sakuqala iphushwa iye entshonalanga (imayini yasentshonalanga) nasempumalanga (Huahua) ngokulandelana, futhi i-bifurcation nokuhlanganiswa kungenzeka (Fig. 3).

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Umdwebo 3 Imodeli yokusabalalisa yendawo ye-carbonatite kudiphozi ye-Baiyunebo

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(4) I-Baiyunebo carbonatite inomthamo omkhulu nezinga eliphezulu lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuyisici esiyinhloko sokunqwabelana kwayo komhlaba okungavamile. Ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokusabalalisa elitholiwe, umthamo kanye (ubuncane) bokuminyana be-carbonate rock mass (umzimba we-earth ore eyivelakancane), kanye nokusebenzisa u-2% wokuqukethwe komhlaba okuyivelakancane walo lonke idwala le-carbonate rock (ngokusekelwe enanini elivamile elitholakala kudatha. phakathi neminyaka), kulinganiselwa ukuthi umthombo ongaba khona we-oxide yomhlaba engashoni engashoni endaweni yezimayini zase-Baiyunebo ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-333, okuyisilinganiso esiphindwe kayi-10 inani lamanje eliqashelwayo lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-36 e-Baiyunebo, Ingqikithi esanda kukhululwa yomhlaba wonke ibonakale iyivelakancane emhlabeni. izinsiza (kuhlanganise ne-Bayan Obo) yi-United States Geological Survey izikhathi ezingu-2.78 zamathani ayizigidi eziyi-120.

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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2023