I-Bariumnezinhlanganisela zayo
Igama lomuthi ngesi-Chinese: I-Barium
Igama lesiNgisi:I-Barium,Ba
Indlela enobuthi: I-Bariumiyinsimbi yasemhlabeni ethambile, ecwebezelayo ecwebezelayo ene-alkaline ekhona endalweni esesimweni se-barite enobuthi (BaCO3) kanye ne-barite (BaSO4). Izingxube ze-barium zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-ceramics, embonini yengilazi, ekucimeni insimbi, ejenti elihlukile lezokwelapha, izibulala-zinambuzane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chemical reagent, njll. Izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezivamile zihlanganisa i-barium chloride, i-barium carbonate, i-barium acetate, i-barium nitrate, i-barium sulfate, i-barium sulfide,i-barium oxide, i-barium hydroxide, i-barium stearate, njll.Insimbi ye-bariumcishe ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ubuthi bezinhlanganisela ze-barium buhlobene nokuncibilika kwabo. Izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezincibilikayo zinobuthi obukhulu, kuyilapho i-barium carbonate, nakuba icishe ingancibiliki emanzini, inobuthi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo ku-hydrochloric acid ukuze yakhe i-barium chloride. Indlela eyinhloko yobuthi be-barium ion ukuvinjwa kweziteshi ze-potassium ezincike ku-calcium emangqamuzaneni ngama-ion e-barium, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-potassium ye-intracellular kanye nokuncipha kokuhlushwa kwe-potassium ye-extracellular, okuholela ku-hypokalemia; Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi i-barium ion ingabangela i-arrhythmia nezimpawu zesisu ngokuvuselela ngokuqondile i-myocardium nemisipha ebushelelezi. Ukumuncwa kwe-solublei-bariumamakhompawundi emgudwini wamathumbu ayafana nalawo e-calcium, enza cishe u-8% wesamba esiphelele sokudla. Amathambo namazinyo yizindawo eziyinhloko zokubeka, ezibalela ngaphezu kwama-90% womthwalo ophelele womzimba.I-Bariumukumunywa ngomlomo ikakhulukazi kuphuma ngendle; Iningi le-barium elihlungiwe yizinso liphinde lifakwe amashubhu ezinso, kube nenani elincane elivela emchameni. Ukuqedwa kwesigamu sempilo ye-barium cishe izinsuku ezingu-3-4. Ubuthi be-barium obunzima buvame ukubangelwa ukungeniswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-barium njengempushana yokuvutshelwa, usawoti, ufulawa we-alkali, ufulawa, i-alum, njll. Kuphinde kwaba nemibiko yobuthi be-barium obubangelwa ukuphuza amanzi angcoliswe izinhlanganisela ze-barium. Ubuthi obuhlanganisiwe be-barium emsebenzini buyivelakancane futhi bumuncwa kakhulu ngomgudu wokuphefumula noma isikhumba esilimele kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kuphinde kwaba nemibiko yobuthi obubangelwa ukuchayeka ku-barium stearate, ngokuvamile ngokuqala kwe-subacute noma okungapheli kanye nesikhathi esicashile sezinyanga ezingu-1-10.
Ivolumu yokwelashwa
Umthamo onobuthi wabantu abathatha i-barium chloride cishe u-0.2-0.5g
Umthamo obulalayo kubantu abadala cishe u-0.8-1.0g
Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo: 1. Isikhathi sokufukamela sikashevu womlomo ngokuvamile amahora angu-0.5-2, futhi labo abadla kakhulu bangase babe nezimpawu zobuthi phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10.
(1) Izimpawu zokuqala zokugaya ukudla ziyizimpawu eziyinhloko: ukuzwa ukushisa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, umphimbo owomile, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo njalo, indle enamanzi negazi, okuhambisana nokucinana kwesifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokuba ndikindiki. emlonyeni, ebusweni nasezithweni.
(2) Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuqhubekayo: Iziguli ziqale zibe nokukhubazeka kwemilenze engaphelele futhi engaphelele, okuthuthuka kusuka emisipha ye-distal kuya kwemisipha yentamo, imisipha yolimi, imisipha ye-diaphragm, nemisipha yokuphefumula. Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yolimi kungabangela ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuphazamiseka kokukhuluma, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kungaholela ekuphefumuleni kanzima ngisho nokuqunjelwa. (3) Ukulimala kwenhliziyo: Ngenxa yobuthi be-barium ku-myocardium kanye nemiphumela yayo ye-hypokalemic, iziguli zingase zithole ukulimala kwe-myocardial, i-arrhythmia, i-tachycardia, ukufinyela okuvamile noma okuningi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ama-diphthongs, ama-triplets, i-atrial fibrillation, i-conduction block, njll. Iziguli ezinzima ingase ibe ne-arrhythmia enzima, njengezigqi ezihlukahlukene ze-ectopic, i-second noma yesithathu degree atrioventricular block, i-ventricular flutter, fibrillation ye-ventricular, ngisho nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. 2. Isikhathi sokufukamela sikashevu wokuhogela ngokuvamile sishintshashintsha phakathi kwamahora angu-0.5 kuya kwangu-4, sibonakala njengezimpawu zokucasuka kokuphefumula njengomphimbo obuhlungu, umphimbo owomile, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukucinana kwesifuba, njll., kodwa izimpawu zokugaya zithambile, futhi okunye ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kufana nobuthi bomlomo. 3. Izimpawu ezinjengokuba ndikindiki, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza zingavela phakathi nehora elingu-1 ngemva kokumuncwa kwesikhumba esinobuthi ngesikhumba esonakele kanye nokusha kwesikhumba. Iziguli ezinokusha okukhulu zingase zibe nezimpawu kungazelelwe phakathi namahora angu-3-6, okuhlanganisa ukudlikizela, ukuphefumula kanzima, nokulimala okukhulu kwe-myocardial. Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kubuye kufane nobuthi bomlomo, nezimpawu ezithambile zesisu. Isimo sivame ukuwohloka ngokushesha, futhi ukunakwa okuphezulu kufanele kukhokhwe ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ukuxilonga
Izinqubo zisekelwe emlandweni wokuchayeka kuma-barium compounds emgudwini wokuphefumula, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, kanye ne-mucosa yesikhumba. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo njengokukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-flaccid kanye nokulimala kwe-myocardial kungase kwenzeke, futhi ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kungase kubonise i-hypokalemia ephikisayo, engatholakala. I-Hypokalemia isisekelo se-pathological sobuthi obunzima be-barium. Ukwehla kwamandla emisipha kufanele kuhluke ezifweni ezifana ne-hypokalemic periodic paralysis, poisoning botulinum toxin, myasthenia gravis, progressive muscular dystrophy, peripheral neuropathy, kanye ne-acute polyradiculitis; Izimpawu zamathumbu ezinjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, namajaqamba esiswini kufanele zihlukaniswe nobuthi bokudla; I-Hypokalemia kufanele ihluke ezifweni ezifana nobuthi be-trickkyltin, i-metabolic alkalosis, ukukhubazeka ngezikhathi ezithile komndeni, kanye ne-primary aldosteronism; I-arrhythmia kufanele ihlukaniswe nezifo ezifana ne-digitalis poisoning kanye nesifo senhliziyo esiphilayo.
Isimiso sokwelashwa:
1. Kulabo abahlangana nesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ukuze basuse izinto ezinobuthi, indawo yokuxhumana kufanele igezwe kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa okwengeziwe kwe-barium ion. Iziguli ezishile kufanele zelashwe ngokusha kwamakhemikhali futhi zinikezwe u-2% kuya ku-5% we-sodium sulfate ukuze kukhishwe isilonda endaweni; Labo abahogela ngomgudu wokuphefumula kufanele bashiye ngokushesha indawo enoshevu, bahlanza imilomo yabo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze bahlanze umlomo wabo, futhi bathathe isilinganiso esifanele se-sodium sulfate ngomlomo; Kulabo abadla ngokusebenzisa i-digestive tract, kufanele baqale bageze isisu sabo nge-sodium sulfate engu-2% kuya ku-5% noma amanzi, bese besebenzisa u-20-30 g we-sodium sulfate yohudo. 2. I-sulfate yesidakamizwa ekhishwa ubuthi ingenza i-barium sulfate engancibiliki nama-ion e-barium ukuze ikhiphe ubuthi. Inketho yokuqala ukujova u-10-20ml we-sodium sulfate engu-10% ngomthambo, noma u-500ml ka-5% we-sodium sulfate ngomthambo. Kuye ngesimo, ingasetshenziswa kabusha. Uma ingekho i-sodium sulfate reserve, i-sodium thiosulfate ingasetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-barium sulfate engancibiliki, ikhishwa ngezinso futhi idinga ukushintshwa koketshezi okuthuthukisiwe kanye ne-diuresis ukuvikela izinso. 3. Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi kwe-hypokalemia kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlenga i-arrhythmia enzima yenhliziyo kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula okubangelwa ubuthi be-barium. Umgomo we-potassium supplementation ukunikeza i-potassium eyanele kuze kube yilapho i-electrocardiogram ibuyela evamile. Ubuthi obuncane bunganikezwa ngomlomo, kanti u-30-60ml ka-10% we-potassium chloride etholakala nsuku zonke ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe; Iziguli ezimaphakathi kuya kwezinzima zidinga ukufakwa kwe-potassium emthanjeni. Iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lobuthi ngokuvamile zinokubekezelela okuphezulu kwe-potassium, futhi u-10 ~ 20ml ka-10% we-potassium chloride ungafakwa emithanjeni ngo-500ml we-physiological saline noma isixazululo se-glucose. Iziguli ezinzima zingakhuphula ukugxiliswa kwe-potassium chloride ngokufakwa emthanjeni ku-0.5% ~ 1.0%, futhi izinga le-potassium supplementation lingafinyelela ku-1.0 ~ 1.5g ngehora. Iziguli ezibucayi ngokuvamile zidinga imithamo engajwayelekile kanye ne-potassium supplementation esheshayo ngaphansi kokuqapha kwe-electrocardiographic. I-electrocardiogram eqinile kanye nokuqapha kwe-potassium yegazi kufanele kwenziwe lapho kuhlanganiswa i-potassium, futhi kufanele kunakwe ukuchama nokusebenza kwezinso. 4. Ukuze ulawule i-arrhythmia, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cardiolipin, i-bradycardia, i-verapamil, noma i-lidocaine ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngokohlobo lwe-arrhythmia. Ezigulini ezinomlando wezokwelapha ongaziwa kanye nezinguquko eziphansi ze-potassium electrocardiogram, i-potassium yegazi kufanele ihlolwe ngokushesha. Ukwengeza nje i-potassium kuvame ukungasebenzi uma untula i-magnesium, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukugcwalisa i-magnesium ngesikhathi esifanayo. 5. Ukuphefumula kwemishini ngomshini ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kubuthi be-barium. Uma ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kubonakala, i-endotracheal intubation kanye ne-ventilation mechanical kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha, futhi kungase kudingeke i-tracheotomy. 6. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuhlanza igazi ezifana ne-hemodialysis zingasheshisa ukukhishwa kwe-barium ion egazini futhi zibe nenani elithile lokwelapha. 7. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekela izimpawu zokuhlanza okukhulu kanye neziguli ezihudo kufanele zifakwe ngokushesha ngoketshezi ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yamanzi ne-electrolyte futhi kuvinjwe izifo zesibili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2024