Isiliva sulfate, ifomula yamakhemikhaliAg2SO4, iyinhlanganisela enezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezibalulekile. Iqinile emhlophe, engenaphunga futhi engancibiliki emanzini. Nokho, niniisiliva sulfateihlangana namanzi, ukusabela okuthile okuthakazelisayo kwenzeka. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi kwenzekaniisiliva sulfateemanzini.
Niniisiliva sulfateyengezwe emanzini, ayincibiliki kalula. Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuphansi, ingxenye encane kuphela ye-compound ihlukana ibe izingxenye zayo ze-ion - isiliva (Ag+) ne-sulfate (SO4^2-). Ukuqedwa okulinganiselwe kweisiliva sulfatekubangela isixazululo esicacile, esingenambala njengoba izinhlayiya ezingancibiliki zihlala phansi esitsheni.
Nokho, i-insolubility yeisiliva sulfateinganqotshwa ngokusebenzisa amandla angaphandle engeziwe. Isibonelo, ukuncibilika kweisiliva sulfateingathuthukiswa uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lenyuka noma i-asidi eqinile (njenge-sulfuric acid) yengezwa ohlelweni. Kulokhu, ama-ion esiliva amaningi kanye ne-sulfate akhiwa futhi isisombululo sigcwala kakhulu. Lokhu kuncibilika okwenyuka kuvumela ukuxhumana okungcono phakathiisiliva sulfatenamanzi.
Isici esithakazelisayo sokusebenzelana phakathiisiliva sulfatefuthi amanzi ukwakheka ions eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-ion eyinkimbinkimbi iqukethe i-ion yensimbi emaphakathi ezungezwe ama-ligand (ama-athomu, ama-ion noma ama-molecule ahlanganiswe nensimbi). Endabeni ye-sulfate esiliva, ama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi akhiwa lapho ama-molecule amanzi ethatha indawo yama-ion e-sulfate aboshwe esiliva, enze inkimbinkimbi yamanzi njenge-Ag(H2O)n+. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zinokuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuncibilika kukonkeisiliva sulfate.
Ukusebenza kabusha kweisiliva sulfateemanzini akugcini ngokuziphatha kwawo kokuhlakazeka. Iphinde ibhekane nokusabela kwe-redox okuthakazelisayo. Isibonelo, uma i-zinc yensimbi yengezwa kwisixazululo esiquketheisiliva sulfate, ukusabela kokufuduka kwenzeka. Ama-athomu e-zinc asabela nama-ion e-sulfate, asuse ama-ion esiliva kunhlanganisela futhi enze i-zinc sulfate. Lokhu kusabela kubangela ukuba isiliva lensimbi lifakwe endaweni engaphezulu ye-zinc, ikhiqize ushintsho olubonakalayo lombala.
Ekuphetheni, nakubaisiliva sulfatengokuvamile ibhekwa njengengancibiliki emanzini, ukuziphatha kwayo ezixazululweni ezinamanzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni. Ukwengeza izici zangaphandle, njengokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali athile, kungathuthukisa ukunyibilika kwayo futhi kuholele ekwakhekeni kwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho,isiliva sulfateibonisa ukusebenza kabusha ngendlela yokusabela kwe-redox nezinye izinto, njengoba kufakazelwa ukusabela kokugudluka nge-zinc yensimbi. Sekukonke, ukuqonda ukuziphatha kweisiliva sulfate in amanzi abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene emikhakheni efana nekhemistri, imboni, nesayensi yezemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-10-2023