Iyini i-barium, iyini ukusetshenziswa kwayo, nendlela yokuhlola isici se-barium?

Ezweni elimangalisayo lamakhemikhali,i-bariumibilokhu idonsela ukunaka kososayensi ngokukhanga kwayo okuyingqayizivele nokusebenza okubanzi. Nakuba lesi sakhi sensimbi esimhlophe esisasiliva singakhanyi njengegolide noma isiliva, sidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. Kusukela kumathuluzi anembayo kumalabhorethri ocwaningo lwesayensi kuya ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kuya kuma-reagents okuxilonga emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-barium ibhale inganekwane yekhemistri ngezici zayo nemisebenzi ehlukile.

Emuva ngo-1602, uCassio Lauro, umkhandi wezicathulo edolobheni lase-Italy iPorra, wosa i-barite ene-barium sulfate ngento evuthayo lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo futhi wamangala lapho ethola ukuthi ingakhanya ebumnyameni. Lokhu kutholakala kwavusa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwezazi ngaleso sikhathi, futhi leli tshe laqanjwa ngokuthi i-Porra itshe futhi laba ingqikithi yocwaningo losokhemisi baseYurophu.

Kodwa-ke, kwakungusokhemisi waseSweden uScheele owaqinisekisa ngempela ukuthi i-barium yayiyinto entsha. Wathola i-barium oxide ngo-1774 futhi wayibiza ngokuthi "Baryta" (umhlaba osindayo). Wafunda le nto ngokujula futhi wakholelwa ukuthi yakhiwe umhlaba omusha (i-oxide) ehlanganiswe ne-sulfuric acid. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washisa ngempumelelo i-nitrate yale nhlabathi entsha futhi wathola i-oxide ehlanzekile.Nokho, nakuba u-Scheele athola i-oxide ye-barium, kwaze kwaba ngu-1808 lapho umakhemikhali waseBrithani uDavy wakhiqiza ngempumelelo i-metallic barium ngokufaka i-electrolyte eyenziwe nge-barite. Lokhu kutholakala kwaphawula ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwe-barium njengento eyinsimbi, futhi kwavula uhambo lokusetshenziswa kwe-barium emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Kusukela lapho, abantu baye baqhubeka bejulisa ukuqonda kwabo nge-barium. Ososayensi baye bahlola izimfihlakalo zemvelo futhi bakhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngokutadisha izakhiwo nokuziphatha kwe-barium. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-barium ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ezimbonini nasemikhakheni yezokwelapha nakho sekuye kwanda kakhulu, okuletha ukuphila komuntu kube lula nokunethezeka.

I-charm ye-barium ayikona nje ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa futhi emfihlakalweni yesayensi ngemuva kwayo. Ososayensi baye bahlola ngokuqhubekayo izimfihlakalo zemvelo futhi bakhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngokutadisha izakhiwo nokuziphatha kwe-barium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-barium nayo idlala indima ngokuthula ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, ukuletha ukukhululeka nokududuza ezimpilweni zethu. Masiqale lolu hambo oluyimilingo lokuhlola i-barium, sembule iveyili yayo engaqondakali, futhi sithokozele ubuhle bayo obuyingqayizivele. Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizokwethula ngokuphelele izici nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo i-barium, kanye nendima yayo ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ezimbonini nasezokwelapha. Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngokufunda lesi sihloko, uzoba nokuqonda okujulile kwe-barium.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Barium

I-Bariumkuyinto evamile yamakhemikhali. Kuyinsimbi esiliva-emhlophe ekhona emvelweni ngesimo samaminerali ahlukahlukene. Okulandelayo okunye ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-barium.

Ukuvutha nokukhanya: I-Barium iyinsimbi esebenza kakhulu ekhiqiza ilangabi elikhanyayo lapho ithinta i-ammonia noma umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwenza i-barium isetshenziswe kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana neziqhumane, ama-flares, kanye nokukhiqiza i-phosphor.

Imboni yezokwelapha: Izinhlanganisela ze-barium nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokwelapha. Ukudla kwe-barium (njengamaphilisi e-barium) kusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwe-X-ray yamathumbu ukusiza odokotela babone ukusebenza kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Izinhlanganisela ze-barium nazo zisetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhipha imisebe, njenge-radioactive iodine ekwelapheni isifo se-thyroid.
Ingilazi nezitsha zobumba: Izinhlanganisela ze-barium zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwengilazi nokwe-ceramic ngenxa yephuzu elihle lokuncibilika kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinhlanganisela ze-barium zingathuthukisa ubulukhuni namandla wezitsha zobumba futhi zinganikeza izici ezithile ezikhethekile zezitsha zobumba, ezifana nokufaka ugesi kanye nenkomba ephezulu ye-refractive. Ama-alloys ensimbi: I-Barium ingakha ama-alloys nezinye izakhi zensimbi, futhi lawa ma-alloys anezakhiwo ezithile eziyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, ama-alloys e-barium angakhuphula iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-aluminium ne-magnesium alloys, okwenza kube lula ukucubungula nokuphonsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-alloys e-barium anezakhiwo kazibuthe nawo asetshenziselwa ukwenza amapuleti ebhethri nezinto zikazibuthe.

I-Barium iyikhemikhali enophawu lwamakhemikhali u-Ba kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-56. I-Barium iyinsimbi yomhlaba ene-alkali futhi itholakala eQenjini 6 lethebula le-periodic, izakhi zeqembu eziyinhloko.
2. I-Barium Physical Properties
I-Barium (Ba) iyisici sensimbi ye-alkaline yomhlaba
1. Ukubukeka: I-Barium iyinsimbi ethambile, esiliva-emhlophe ecwebezelayo ehlukile uma isikwa.
2. Ukuminyana: I-Barium inokuminyana okuphezulu okucishe kube ngu-3.5 g/cm³. Ingenye yezinsimbi eziminyene emhlabeni.
3. Amaphuzu ancibilikayo nabilayo: I-Barium inephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-727°C kanye nendawo yokubilisa engaba ngu-1897°C.
4. Ukuqina: I-Barium iyinsimbi ethambile uma kuqhathaniswa enokuqina kwe-Mohs okungaba ngu-1.25 ku-20 degrees Celsius.
5. I-Conductivity: I-Barium iyi-conductor enhle kagesi ene-conductivity kagesi ephezulu.
6. I-Ductility: Nakuba i-barium iyinsimbi ethambile, inezinga elithile lokudumba futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe amashidi amancane noma izintambo.
7. Umsebenzi wamakhemikhali: I-Barium ayiphenduli ngokuqinile kuningi okungezona izinsimbi nezinsimbi eziningi ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa yenza ama-oxide emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nasemoyeni. Ingenza izinhlanganisela nezinto eziningi ezingezona ezensimbi, njengama-oxides, ama-sulfide, njll.
8. Izinhlobo zobukhona: Amaminerali aqukethe i-barium oqweqweni lomhlaba, njenge-barite (i-barium sulfate), njll. I-Barium ingaba khona futhi ngesimo sama-hydrates, ama-oxides, ama-carbonates, njll.
9. I-Radioactivity: I-Barium inezinhlobonhlobo zama-isotopi akhipha imisebe, phakathi kwawo i-barium-133 iyi-isotopu evamile ekhipha imisebe esetshenziswa ekucabangeni kwezokwelapha kanye nezicelo zemithi yenuzi.
10. Izicelo: I-Barium compounds isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, njengengilazi, irabha, ama-catalysts embonini yamakhemikhali, amashubhu e-electron, njll. I-sulfate yayo ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-agent ehlukile ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha. I-Barium iyisici esibalulekile sensimbi izakhiwo zayo ezenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi.

3. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-barium
Izakhiwo ze-Metallic: I-Barium iyinsimbi eqinile ebukeka njengesiliva-mhlophe kanye nokuhamba kahle kukagesi.

Ukuminyana nendawo yokuncibilika: I-Barium iyisici esiminyene ngokuqhathaniswa esinokuminyana okungu-3.51 g/cm3. I-Barium inezinga eliphansi lokuncibilika elingaba ngu-727 degrees Celsius (1341 degrees Fahrenheit).

Ukusebenza kabusha: I-Barium isabela ngokushesha nezinto eziningi ezingezona ezensimbi, ikakhulukazi ngama-halogen (afana ne-chlorine ne-bromine), ukuze ikhiqize izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezihambisanayo. Isibonelo, i-barium ihlangana ne-chlorine ukukhiqiza i-barium chloride.
I-Oxidizability: I-Barium ingafakwa i-oxyd ukuze yakhe i-barium oxide. I-Barium oxide isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokuncibilikisa insimbi nokukhiqiza ingilazi.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu: I-Barium inomsebenzi wamakhemikhali aphezulu futhi isabela kalula emanzini ukuze ikhulule i-hydrogen futhi ikhiqize i-barium hydroxide.

4. Izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo ze-barium

Indima kanye nezakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo ze-barium ezintweni eziphilayo aziqondi ngokugcwele, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi i-barium inobuthi obuthile ezinto eziphilayo.

Izindlela zokungena: Abantu badla i-barium ngokudla namanzi okuphuza. Okunye ukudla kungase kube nenani elincane le-barium, njengezinhlamvu, inyama, nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezinye izikhathi aqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-barium.
Ukumuncwa kwebhayoloji kanye nemetabolism: I-barium ingamuncwa izinto eziphilayo futhi isatshalaliswe emzimbeni ngokujikeleza kwegazi. I-barium ikakhulukazi inqwabelana ezinso nasemathanjeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme emathanjeni.
Umsebenzi webhayoloji: I-Barium ayikatholakali inemisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba ephilayo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo we-barium uhlala uphikisana.

5. Izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo ze-barium
Ubuthi: Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-barium ion noma izinhlanganisela ze-barium kunobuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuphuza kakhulu i-barium kungabangela izimpawu ezinobuthi obunamandla, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, i-arrhythmia, njll. Ubuthi obunzima bungabangela ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa, ukulimala kwezinso kanye nezinkinga zenhliziyo.
Ukuqoqwa kwamathambo: I-barium inganqwabelana emathanjeni emzimbeni womuntu, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-barium kungase kubangele izifo zamathambo ezifana ne-osteoporosis.Imiphumela ye-Cardiovascular: I-Barium, njenge-sodium, ingaphazamisa ibhalansi ye-ion nomsebenzi kagesi, okuthinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ukudla i-barium ngokweqile kungase kubangele isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile futhi kwandise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
I-Carcinogenicity: Nakuba kusekhona impikiswano mayelana ne-carcinogenicity ye-barium, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-barium kungase kwandise ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wesisu kanye nomdlavuza we-esophageal. Ngenxa yobuthi nengozi engaba khona ye-barium, abantu kufanele baqaphele ukugwema ukudla ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-barium. Ukugxila kwe-barium emanzini okuphuza nokudla kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kulawulwe ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yabantu. Uma usola ukuthi unobuthi noma unezimpawu ezihlobene nalokhu, sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

6. I-Barium Emvelweni

Amaminerali e-Barium: I-Barium ingatholakala oqweqweni lomhlaba ngendlela yamaminerali. Amanye amaminerali ajwayelekile e-barium ahlanganisa i-barite ne-witherite. Lezi zinsimbi zivame ukutholakala namanye amaminerali, njengomthofu, i-zinc, nesiliva.

Incibilike emanzini angaphansi nasemadwaleni: I-Barium ingatholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nasemadwaleni esimweni sokuncibilika. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqukethe amanani amancane e-barium encibilikile, futhi ukugxila kwawo kuncike ezimweni ze-geological kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zomzimba wamanzi.

Usawoti we-Barium: I-Barium ingenza usawoti ohlukile, njenge-barium chloride, i-barium nitrate, ne-barium carbonate. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingatholakala emvelweni njengamaminerali emvelo.

Okuqukethwe enhlabathini: I-barium ingatholakala enhlabathini ngezindlela ezihlukene, ezinye zazo ezivela ezinhlayiyeni zamaminerali zemvelo noma ukuncibilika kwamadwala. I-barium ngokuvamile ikhona ezindaweni eziphansi zenhlabathi, kodwa ingase ibe khona ekugxilweni okuphezulu ezindaweni ezithile.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhona kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-barium kungase kuhluke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geological kanye nezifunda, ngakho-ke izimo ezithile zendawo nezendawo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuxoxwa nge-barium.

7. Imayini ye-barium nokukhiqiza
Inqubo yezimayini nokulungiswa kwe-barium ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukumbiwa kwe-barium ore: Iminerali eyinhloko ye-barium ore i-barite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-barium sulfate. Ngokuvamile itholakala oqweqweni lomhlaba futhi isakazwa kabanzi emadwaleni nasezinsikeni ezisemhlabeni. Ukumba izimayini kuvame ukubandakanya ukuqhunyiswa, ukumba, ukuchotshozwa kanye nokuhlelwa kwensimbi ukuze kutholwe insimbi equkethe i-barium sulfate.
2. Ukulungiswa kokugxilisa ingqondo: Ukukhipha i-barium ku-barium ore kudinga ukwelashwa okugxilile kwe-ore. Ukulungiselela ukugxilisa ingqondo ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwezandla kanye nezinyathelo zokuntanta ukuze kususwe ukungcola kanye nokuthola insimbi equkethe ngaphezu kuka-96% i-barium sulfate.
3. Ukulungiswa kwe-barium sulfate: I-concentrate ingaphansi kwezinyathelo ezifana nokususwa kwe-iron ne-silicon ukuze ekugcineni ithole i-barium sulfate (BaSO4).
4. Ukulungiswa kwe-barium sulfide: Ukuze ulungise i-barium kusuka ku-barium sulfate, kuyadingeka ukuguqula i-barium sulfate ibe yi-barium sulfide, eyaziwa nangokuthi umlotha omnyama. I-Barium sulfate ore powder enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kwama-20 mesh ngokuvamile ixutshwa namalahle noma i-petroleum coke powder ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-4:1. Ingxube yosiwe ku-1100 ℃ esithandweni somlilo, futhi i-barium sulfate iyancipha ibe yi-barium sulfide.
5. Ukuqedwa kwe-barium sulfide: Isixazululo se-barium sulfide se-barium sulfate singatholakala ngokukhipha amanzi ashisayo.
6. Ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide: Ukuze kuguqulwe i-barium sulfide ibe i-barium oxide, i-sodium carbonate noma i-carbon dioxide ngokuvamile ifakwa esixazululo se-barium sulfide. Ngemva kokuxuba i-barium carbonate ne-carbon powder, ukubala ngaphezu kuka-800 ℃ kungakhiqiza i-barium oxide.
7. Ukupholisa nokucutshungulwa: Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-barium oxide i-oxidize yakhe i-barium peroxide ku-500-700℃, futhi i-barium peroxide ingabola yakhe i-barium oxide ku-700-800℃. Ukuze ugweme ukukhiqizwa kwe-barium peroxide, umkhiqizo we-calcined udinga ukupholisa noma ucinywe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-inert.

Okungenhla kuyinqubo evamile yokumba kanye nokulungiselela i-barium. Lezi zinqubo zingahluka kuye ngenqubo yezimboni kanye nemishini, kodwa umgomo jikelele uhlala ufana. I-Barium iyinsimbi ebalulekile yezimboni esetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imboni yamakhemikhali, imithi, i-electronics, njll.

8. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokutholwa kwe-barium
I-Barium iyisici esivamile esivame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezimboni nesayensi. Kumakhemikhali okuhlaziya, izindlela zokuthola i-barium ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlaziywa komthamo. Okulandelayo yisingeniso esiningiliziwe sezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokutholwa kwe-barium:
1. I-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS): Lena indlela yokuhlaziya yobuningi evame ukusetshenziswa elungele amasampuli anokugxila okuphezulu. Isixazululo sesampula sifafazwa elangabini, futhi ama-athomu e-barium amunca ukukhanya kobude obuthile begagasi. Amandla okukhanya okumuncekile ayalinganiswa futhi alingana nokuhlushwa kwe-barium.
2. I-Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry (FAES): Le ndlela ithola i-barium ngokufafaza isisombululo sesampula elangeni, okujabulisa ama-athomu e-barium ukuze akhiphe ukukhanya kobude obuthile begagasi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FAAS, i-FAES ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukugxila okuphansi kwe-barium.
3. I-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AAS): Le ndlela ifana ne-FAAS, kodwa isebenzisa i-spectrometer ye-fluorescence ukuze ithole ubukhona be-barium. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukala amanani omkhondo we-barium.

4. Ion Chromatography: Le ndlela ifaneleka ekuhlaziyweni kwe-barium kumasampuli amanzi. Ama-ion e-barium ahlukaniswa futhi atholwa yi-ion chromatograph. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukala ukuhlushwa kwe-barium kumasampula amanzi.

5. I-X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF): Lena indlela yokuhlaziya engabhubhisi efanele ukutholwa kwe-barium kumasampuli aqinile. Ngemuva kokuthi isampula ijatshuliswe yi-X-ray, ama-athomu e-barium akhipha i-fluorescence ethile, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-barium kunqunywa ngokulinganisa amandla e-fluorescence.

6. I-Mass Spectrometry: I-mass spectrometry ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukwakheka kwe-isotopic ye-barium nokunquma okuqukethwe kwe-barium. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuzwela okukhulu futhi ingathola ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu kwe-barium.

Okungenhla kungenye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuthola i-barium. Indlela ethile yokukhetha incike kumvelo yesampula, uhla lokuhlushwa lwe-barium, kanye nenjongo yokuhlaziya. Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe noma uneminye imibuzo, ngicela ungazise. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuzicelo zaselabhorethri nezimboni ukuze kukale ngokunembile nangokwethembeka futhi kuhlonzwe ubukhona kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-barium. Indlela ethile ezosetshenziswa incike ohlotsheni lwesampula elidinga ukulinganiswa, ububanzi bokuqukethwe kwe-barium, kanye nenjongo ethile yokuhlaziya.

9. Indlela yokumunca i-athomu yokulinganisa i-calcium

Esilinganisweni se-elementi, indlela yokumunca i-athomu inokunemba okuphezulu nokuzwela, futhi inikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokutadisha izici zamakhemikhali, ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe nokuqukethwe.Okulandelayo, sisebenzisa indlela yokumunca i-athomu ukuze silinganise okuqukethwe kwezakhi. Izinyathelo eziqondile zimi kanje: Lungiselela isampula ezohlolwa. Lungiselela isampula le-elementi ukuze likalwe libe yisixazululo, ngokuvamile esidinga ukugaywa nge-asidi exutshiwe ukuze kulinganiswe ngokulandelayo.Khetha i-spectrometer yokumunca i-athomu efanelekile. Ngokuya ngezici zesampula okufanele zihlolwe kanye nobubanzi bokuqukethwe kwe-elementi okufanele kukalwe, khetha i-spectrometer yokumunca i-athomu efanelekile.
Lungisa amapharamitha we-spectrometer yokumuncwa kwe-athomu. Ngokuya ngento ezohlolwa kanye nemodeli yensimbi, lungisa amapharamitha we-spectrometer yokumuncwa kwe-athomu, okuhlanganisa umthombo wokukhanya, i-atomizer, umtshina, njll.
Linganisa ukumuncwa kwe-elementi. Beka isampula ukuze ihlolwe ku-atomizer, futhi ukhiphe imisebe yokukhanya yobude obuthile obuthile ngomthombo wokukhanya. Isici esizohlolwa sizomunca le misebe yokukhanya futhi sikhiqize ukuguqulwa kwezinga lamandla. Linganisa ukumunca kwesici sesiliva ngomtshina. Bala okuqukethwe kwe-elementi. Okuqukethwe kwe-elementi kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekumunceni kanye nejika elijwayelekile. Okulandelayo amapharamitha athile asetshenziswa ithuluzi ukukala ama-elementi.

Okujwayelekile: i-high-purity BaCO3 noma i-BaCl2·2H2O.
Indlela: Kala ngokunembile i-0.1778g BaCl2 · 2H2O, ncibilikisa enanini elincane lamanzi, futhi wenze ngokunembile kufike ku-100mL. Ukugxila kwe-Ba kulesi sixazululo ngu-1000μg/mL. Gcina ebhodleleni le-polyethylene kude nokukhanya.
Uhlobo lwelangabi: i-air-acetylene, ilangabi elicebile.
Amapharamitha okuhlaziya: I-Wavelength (nm) 553.6
I-Spectral bandwidth (nm) 0.2
Isihlungi se-coefficient 0.3
Isibani samanje esinconyiwe (mA) 5
I-voltage ephezulu engalungile (v) 393.00
Ubude bekhanda likashishi (mm) 10
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa (S) 3
Ukucindezela komoya nokugeleza (MPa, mL/min) 0.24
Ingcindezi ye-acetylene nokugeleza (MPa, mL/min) 0.05, 2200
Ububanzi bomugqa (μg/mL) 3～400
I-Linear coefficient 0.9967
Ukugxila kobuntu (μg/mL) 7.333
Umkhawulo wokutholwa (μg/mL) 1.0RSD(%) 0.27
Indlela yokubala Indlela eqhubekayo
I-acidity yesisombululo 0.5% HNO3

Ifomu lokuhlola:

Ijika lokulinganisa:

Uhlobo lwelangabi: i-nitrous oxide-acetylene, ilangabi elicebile
.Amapharamitha okuhlaziya: Ubude begagasi: 553.6
I-Spectral bandwidth (nm) 0.2
Isihlungi se-coefficient 0.6
Isibani samanje esinconyiwe (mA) 6.0
I-voltage ephezulu engalungile (v) 374.5
Ubude bekhanda elivuthayo (mm) 13
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa (S) 3
Ukucindezela komoya nokugeleza (MP, mL/min) 0.25, 5100
Ingcindezi ye-nitrous oxide nokugeleza (MP, mL/min) 0.1, 5300
Ingcindezi ye-acetylene nokugeleza (MP, mL/min) 0.1, 4600
I-Linear coefficient 0.9998
Ukugxila kobuntu (μg/mL) 0.379
Indlela yokubala Indlela eqhubekayo
I-acidity yesisombululo 0.5% HNO3

Ifomu lokuhlola:

Ijika lokulinganisa:

Ukuphazamiseka: I-Barium iphazanyiswa kakhulu i-phosphate, i-silicon ne-aluminium elangabini le-air-acetylene, kodwa lezi ziphazamiso zinganqotshwa elangabini le-nitrous oxide-acetylene. U-80% we-Ba une-ionized ku-nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, ngakho-ke u-2000μg/mL we-K+ kufanele wengezwe ezixazululweni ezijwayelekile nezesampula ukuze kuncishwe i-ionization futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzwela. I-Barium, le nto yamakhemikhali ebonakala ijwayelekile kodwa engavamile, ibilokhu idlala indima ezimpilweni zethu buthule. Kusukela kumathuluzi anembayo kumalabhorethri ocwaningo lwesayensi kuya ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, kuya kuma-reagents okuxilonga emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-barium inikeze ukusekelwa okubalulekile emikhakheni eminingi enezindawo zayo ezihlukile.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba uhlamvu lwemali ngalunye lunezinhlangothi ezimbili, ezinye izinhlanganisela ze-barium nazo zinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, lapho sisebenzisa i-barium, kufanele sihlale siqaphile ukuze siqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuphephile futhi sigweme ukulimala okungadingekile emvelweni nasemzimbeni womuntu.
Uma sibheka emuva ohambweni lokuhlola lwe-barium, asikwazi ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokububula ngenxa yemfihlakalo nokuthandeka kwayo. Akuyona nje into yocwaningo yososayensi, kodwa futhi umsizi onamandla wonjiniyela, kanye nendawo ekhanyayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, silindele ukuthi i-barium iqhubeke nokuletha ezinye izimanga kanye nempumelelo esintwini, futhi isize intuthuko eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi. i-barium enamagama amahle, kodwa ngikholelwa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa isingeniso esibanzi sezakhiwo zayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza nokuphepha, abafundi banokuqonda okujulile kwe-barium. Ake sibheke phambili ekusebenzeni okumangalisayo kwe-barium esikhathini esizayo futhi sinikele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesintu.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukubuza ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-99.9% yensimbi ye-barium, siyakwamukela ukuthintana nathi ngezansi:

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