21 I-Scandium nezindlela zayo zokuhlola ezivame ukusetshenziswa
Uyemukelwa kulo mhlaba wezinto ezigcwele imfihlakalo nokukhangayo. Namuhla, sizohlola into ekhethekile ndawonye -scandium. Nakuba le nto ingase ingajwayelekile ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, idlala indima ebalulekile kwisayensi nasembonini.
I-Scandium, lesi sakhi esimangalisayo, sinezici eziningi ezimangalisayo. Iyilungu lomndeni we-rare Earth element. Njengabanyeizakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ukwakheka kwe-athomu ye-scandium kugcwele imfihlakalo. Yilezi zakhiwo ze-athomu eziyingqayizivele ezenza i-scandium idlale indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ku-physics, chemistry kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha.
Ukutholakala kwe-scandium kugcwele ama-twist kanye nobunzima. Kwaqala ngo-1841, lapho usokhemisi waseSweden u-LFNilson (1840 ~ 1899) enethemba lokuhlukanisa ezinye izakhi kokuhlanzwa.i-erbiumumhlaba ngenkathi ufunda izinsimbi ezilula. Ngemuva kwezikhathi eziyi-13 zokubola kwengxenye ye-nitrate, ekugcineni wathola u-3.5g wokuhlanzekaytterbiumumhlaba. Nokho, uthole ukuthi isisindo se-athomu se-ytterbium asitholile sasingafani nesisindo se-athomu se-ytterbium esinikezwe iMalinac ngaphambili. U-Nelson owayenamehlo abukhali wabona ukuthi kungase kube khona into engasindi kuyo. Ngakho waqhubeka nokucubungula i-ytterbium ayithole ngenqubo efanayo. Ekugcineni, lapho kusele ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi kuphela yesampula, isisindo se-athomu esilinganisiwe sehla safinyelela ku-167.46. Lo mphumela useduze nesisindo se-athomu se-yttrium, ngakho uNelson wayiqamba ngokuthi "Scandium".
Nakuba uNelson ayethole i-scandium, ayizange idonse ukunaka okuningi emphakathini wesayensi ngenxa yokungatholakali kwayo kanye nobunzima bokuhlukana. Kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho ukucwaninga ngezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kuba umkhuba, lapho kuphinde kutholwe futhi kwacwaningwa.
Ngakho-ke, ake siqale lolu hambo lokuhlola i-scandium, ukuze sembule imfihlakalo yayo futhi siqonde le nto ebonakala ijwayelekile kodwa empeleni ekhangayo.
Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-scandium
Uphawu lwe-scandium ngu-Sc, futhi inombolo yayo ye-athomu ingu-21. I-elementi iyinsimbi eguqukayo ethambile, e-silvery-white. Nakuba i-scandium ingeyona into evamile oqweqweni lomhlaba, inezinkambu eziningi ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo, ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Imboni ye-Aerospace: I-Scandium aluminium iyingxubevange engasindi, enamandla amakhulu esetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezindiza, izingxenye zenjini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemicibisholo embonini ye-aerospace. Ukwengezwa kwe-scandium kungathuthukisa amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuminyana kwe-alloy, okwenza imishini ye-aerospace ibe lula futhi ihlale isikhathi eside.
2. Amabhayisikili Nezisetshenziswa Zezemidlalo:I-Scandium aluminiumiphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenza amabhayisikili, amakilabhu egalofu, nezinye izinto zezemidlalo. Ngenxa yamandla ayo amahle kakhulu nokukhanya kwayo,i-scandium alloyingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini yezemidlalo, inciphise isisindo, futhi ikhulise ukuqina kwento.
3. Imboni yezibani:I-Scandium iodideisetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa izibani ze-xenon ezinamandla kakhulu. Amalambu anjalo asetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni, ekwenzeni amafilimu, ekukhanyisweni kwasesiteji, nasezinsizeni zezokwelapha ngenxa yokuthi izici zawo ezibukekayo ziseduze kakhulu nokukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo.
4. Fuel Cells:I-Scandium aluminiumfuthi ithola ukusetshenziswa kumaseli e-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs). Kulawa mabhethri,i-scandium-aluminium alloyisetshenziswa njengento ye-anode, ene-conductivity ephezulu nokuzinza, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwamaseli kaphethiloli.
5. Ucwaningo lwesayensi: I-Scandium isetshenziswa njengomtshina ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Ezivivinyweni ze-nuclear physics kanye nama-accelerator ezinhlayiyana, amakristalu e-scandium scintillation asetshenziselwa ukuthola imisebe nezinhlayiya.
6. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza: I-Scandium iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-high-temperature superconductor nakwamanye ama-alloys akhethekile ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-alloy. Ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-scandium enqubweni ye-anodizing, iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izinto ze-electrode zamabhethri e-lithium namanye amadivaysi kagesi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi naphezu kwezicelo zayo eziningi, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-scandium kulinganiselwe futhi kubiza kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwayo, ngakho-ke izindleko zayo nezinye izindlela kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela uma uyisebenzisa.
Izici Zomzimba ze-Scandium Element
1. Isakhiwo Se-athomu: I-nucleus ye-scandium iqukethe ama-proton angu-21 futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-neutron angu-20. Ngakho-ke, isisindo sayo esijwayelekile se-athomu (isisindo se-athomu esihlobene) singama-44.955908. Ngokwesakhiwo se-athomu, ukumiswa kwe-electron ye-scandium yi-1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s².
2. Isimo Somzimba: I-Scandium iqinile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi inokubukeka okusasiliva-mhlophe. Isimo sayo somzimba singashintsha kuye ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela.
3. Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana kwe-scandium cishe ku-2.989 g/cm3. Lokhu kuminyana okuphansi kuyenza ibe insimbi engasindi.
4. Iphuzu Elincibilikayo: Indawo encibilika kuyo i-scandium icishe ibe ngu-1541 degrees Celsius (2806 degrees Fahrenheit), okubonisa ukuthi inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa. 5. Iphuzu Elibilisayo: I-Scandium inezinga lokubila elingaba ngu-2836 degrees Celsius (5137 degrees Fahrenheit), okusho ukuthi idinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuze ahwamuke.
6. I-Electrical Conductivity: I-Scandium iyikhondatha enhle kagesi, ene-conductivity kagesi enengqondo. Yize ingezinhle njengezinto ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswayo njengethusi noma i-aluminium, isasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, njengamaseli e-electrolytic kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace.
7. I-Thermal Conductivity: I-Scandium ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, okwenza kube umqhubi omuhle we-thermal emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kuyasiza kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
8. I-Crystal Structure: I-Scandium ine-hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, okusho ukuthi ama-athomu ayo apakishwe kumahexagoni asondelene kukristalu.
9. I-Magnetism: I-Scandium i-diamagnetic ekamelweni lokushisa, okusho ukuthi ayikhangi noma ixoshwa yizibuthe. Ukuziphatha kwayo kazibuthe kuhlobene nesakhiwo sayo se-elekthronikhi.
10. I-Radioactivity: Wonke ama-isotopes azinzile e-scandium awanawo ama-radioactive, ngakho ayisici esingasebenzisi imisebe.
I-Scandium iyinsimbi elula, encibilika kakhulu enezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi embonini ye-aerospace kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha. Nakuba ingavamile ukutholakala emvelweni, izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo ziyenza ibe usizo olukhethekile ezindaweni eziningana.
Izici zamakhemikhali ze-scandium
I-Scandium iyingxenye yensimbi yoguquko.
1. Isakhiwo se-athomu: Isakhiwo se-athomu ye-Scandium siqukethe ama-proton angu-21 futhi ngokuvamile ama-neutron angama-20. Ukucushwa kwayo kwe-electron kungu-1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s², okubonisa ukuthi ine-orbital eyodwa engagcwalisiwe.
2. Uphawu lwekhemikhali nenombolo ye-athomu: Uphawu lwamakhemikhali eScandium ngu-Sc, futhi inombolo yalo ye-athomu ngu-21.
3. Electronegativity: Scandium has a electronegativity kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme mayelana 1.36 (ngokusho uPawulu electronegativity). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuvame ukulahlekelwa ama-electron ukuze kwakhiwe ama-ion amahle.
4. Isimo se-oxidation: I-Scandium ivamise ukuba khona kusimo se-+3 oxidation, okusho ukuthi ilahlekelwe ama-electron amathathu ukuze kwakhe i-ion ye-Sc³⁺. Lesi isimo saso esivame kakhulu se-oxidation. Nakuba i-Sc²⁺ ne-Sc⁴⁺ nazo zingenzeka, azinzile futhi azivamile kangako.
5. Amakhompiyutha: I-Scandium ngokuyinhloko yakha inhlanganisela enezakhi ezifana nomoya-mpilo, isulfure, i-nitrogen, ne-hydrogen. Ezinye ezivamile ze-scandium compounds zihlanganisai-scandium oxide (I-Sc2O3) kanye ne-scandium halides (njengescandium chloride, ScCl3).
6. Ukusebenza kabusha: I-Scandium iyinsimbi esebenza ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa i-oxidizes ngokushesha emoyeni, yenza ifilimu ye-oxide ye-scandium oxide, evimbela ukusabela okuqhubekayo kwe-oxidation. Lokhu kwenza i-scandium izinze futhi inokumelana nokugqwala.
7. Ukunyibilika: I-Scandium incibilika kancane kuma-asidi amaningi, kodwa incibilika kalula ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline. Ayincibiliki emanzini ngoba ifilimu yayo ye-oxide ivimbela ukusabela okwengeziwe ngama-molecule amanzi.
8. Amakhemikhali afana neLanthanide: Amakhemikhali eScandium afana nalawo ochungechunge lwe-lanthanide (i-lanthanum, i-gadolinium, i-neodymium, njll.), ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswa njenge-elementi efana ne-lanthanide. Lokhu kufana kubonakala ikakhulukazi ku-ionic radius, izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokuphinda kusebenze okuthile.
9. Ama-Isotopes: I-Scandium inama-isotopes amaningi, amanye awo kuphela azinzile. I-isotopu ezinzile kakhulu i-Sc-45, enesigamu sempilo ende futhi ayinayo imisebe.
I-Scandium iyisici esingavamile, kodwa ngenxa yezinye zezinto eziyingqayizivele zamakhemikhali nezomzimba, idlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni eziningana zokufaka isicelo, ikakhulukazi embonini ye-aerospace, isayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Izici zezinto eziphilayo ze-scandium
I-Scandium ayiyona into evamile emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, ayinazo izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo. Izakhiwo zebhayoloji ngokuvamile zibandakanya umsebenzi webhayoloji, ukumuncwa kwebhayoloji, i-metabolism kanye nemithelela yezakhi ezintweni eziphilayo. Njengoba i-scandium ingeyona into ebalulekile ekuphileni, azikho izinto eziphilayo ezaziwayo ezinesidingo sebhayoloji noma ezisetshenziselwa i-scandium.
Umthelela we-scandium ezintweni eziphilayo uhlobene kakhulu ne-radioactivity yayo. Amanye ama-isotopes e-scandium anemisebe, ngakho-ke uma umzimba womuntu noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo zichayeke ku-scandium enemisebe, kungase kubangele ukuchayeka emisebeni eyingozi. Lesi simo sivamise ukwenzeka ezimeni ezithile ezifana nocwaningo lwesayensi yenuzi, i-radiotherapy noma izingozi zenuzi.
I-Scandium ayihlangani ngokuzuzisayo nezinto eziphilayo futhi kunengozi yemisebe. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into ebalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo.
I-Scandium iyisici samakhemikhali esingavamile, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwayo emvelweni kulinganiselwe. Nasi isingeniso esiningiliziwe sokusatshalaliswa kwe-scandium ngokwemvelo:
1. Okuqukethwe ngokwemvelo: I-Scandium ikhona ngamanani amancane uma kuqhathaniswa oqweqweni lomhlaba. Isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kuqweqwe lomhlaba silinganiselwa ku-0.0026 mg/kg (noma izingxenye ezingu-2.6 ngesigidi). Lokhu kwenza i-scandium ibe yinye yezinto ezingavamile kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
2. Ukutholakala kumaminerali: Naphezu kokuqukethwe kwayo okulinganiselwe, i-scandium ingatholakala kumaminerali athile, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sama-oxides noma ama-silicates. Amanye amaminerali aqukethe i-scandium afaka i-scandianite ne-dolomite.
3. Ukukhishwa kwe-scandium: Ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwayo okulinganiselwe ngokwemvelo, kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha i-scandium ehlanzekile. Ngokuvamile, i-scandium itholakala njenge-byproduct yenqubo yokuncibilikisa i-aluminium, njengoba kwenzeka nge-aluminium ku-bauxite.
4. Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo: I-Scandium isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa hhayi ngokulinganayo. Amanye amazwe anjengeChina, iRussia, iNorway, iSweden neBrazil anemali eningi ye-scandium, kanti ezinye izifunda azivamile ukuba nazo.
Yize i-scandium inokusabalalisa okulinganiselwe emvelweni, idlala indima ebalulekile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezimboni, ngakho-ke
Ukukhishwa kanye Nokuncibilika kwe-Scandium Element
I-Scandium iyisici sensimbi esingavamile, futhi izinqubo zayo zokumbiwa kwezimayini nezokudonsa ziyinkimbinkimbi. Okulandelayo yisingeniso esiningiliziwe senqubo yezimayini kanye nokukhipha isici se-scandium:
1. Ukukhishwa kwe-scandium: I-Scandium ayikho esimweni sayo sokuqala ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngokuvamile iba khona ngamanani omkhondo kuma-ores. I-scandium ores eyinhloko ihlanganisa i-vanadium scandium ore, i-zircon ore, ne-yttrium ore. Okuqukethwe kwe-scandium kulawa ma-ores kuphansi kakhulu.
Inqubo yokukhipha i-scandium ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
a. Imayini: ukumba ama-ore aqukethe i-scandium.
b. Ukuchotshozwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-ore: Ukuchotshozwa nokucubungula ama-ore ukuze kuhlukaniswe amatshe awusizo namatshe alahlwayo.
c. I-Flotation: Ngenqubo yokuntanta, ama-ores aqukethe i-scandium ahlukaniswa nokunye ukungcola.
d. Ukuhlakazwa kanye Nokunciphisa: I-Scandium hydroxide ivamise ukuncibilika bese yehliselwa ku-metallic scandium nge-ejenti yokunciphisa (imvamisa i-aluminium).
e. Isizinda se-Electrolytic: I-scandium encishisiwe ikhishwa ngenqubo ye-electrolytic ukuze ithole ukuhlanzeka okuphezuluscandium metal.
3. Ukucwengwa kwe-scandium: Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo eziningi zokuchithwa kanye ne-crystallization, ukuhlanzeka kwe-scandium kungathuthukiswa nakakhulu. Indlela evamile iwukuhlukanisa nokucwebezelisa ama-scandium compounds ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-chlorination noma i-carbonation ukuze utholehigh-purity scandium.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokushoda kwe-scandium, izinqubo zokukhipha kanye nokucwengisiswa zidinga ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali obunembe kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile bukhiqiza inani elibalulekile lemfucuza kanye nemikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukumba kanye nokukhipha isici se-scandium kuyiphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo, ngokuvamile ehlanganiswa nenqubo yezimayini kanye nokukhipha ezinye izakhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komnotho.
Izindlela zokuthola i-scandium
1. I-Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS): I-Atomic absorption spectrometry iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokuhlaziya ubuningi esebenzisa i-spectra yokumuncwa kumaza wamaza athile ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlangana kwe-scandium kusampula. Ishintsha isampula ukuze ihlolwe elangabini, bese ikala ukushuba kokumuncwa kwe-scandium kusampula nge-spectrometer. Le ndlela ilungele ukutholwa kokugxila kwe-scandium.
2. I-Plasma Optical Emission Emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) ehlanganisiwe ngokungenisa i-inductively plasma optical emission spectrometry iyindlela yokuhlaziya ebucayi kakhulu futhi ekhethiwe esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto eziningi. I-athomu yesampula bese yenza i-plasma, futhi inquma ubude begagasi obuthile kanye namandla okukhishwa kwe-scandium ku-spectrometer.
3. I-Plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ehlanganisiwe ngokungenisa i-inductively plasma mass spectrometry iyindlela yokuhlaziya ebucayi kakhulu futhi enesinqumo esiphezulu engasetshenziselwa ukunqunywa kwesilinganiso se-isotopu nokuhlaziywa kwesici sokulandelela. I-atomize isampula bese yenza i-plasma, futhi inquma isilinganiso se-mass-to-charge ye-scandium ku-spectrometer enkulu. 4. I-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): I-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry isebenzisa i-fluorescence spectrum ekhiqizwa ngemva kokuba isampula ijatshuliswe ama-X-ray ukuze ihlaziye okuqukethwe kwezakhi. Ingakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha nangokungabhubhi okuqukethwe kwe-scandium kusampula.
5. I-spectrometry yokufunda okuqondile: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-photoelectric direct reading spectrometry, iyindlela yokuhlaziya esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwezakhi kusampula.I-spectrometry yokufunda eqondile isekelwe kumgomo we-atomic emission spectrometry. Isebenzisa izinhlansi zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma ama-arcs ukuze kuhwamuke ngokuqondile ama-elementi kusampula ukusuka kusimo esiqinile futhi ikhiphe imigqa ye-spectral yesici esimweni senjabulo. I-elementi ngayinye inomugqa ohlukile wokukhipha, futhi ukuqina kwayo kuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwe-elementi kusampula. Ngokulinganisa ukushuba kwale migqa ye-spectral yesici, okuqukethwe kwe-elementi ngayinye kusampula kunganqunywa. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni ukwakheka kwezinsimbi nama-alloys, ikakhulukazi kwezensimbi, ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi, isayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye neminye imikhakha.
Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa kakhulu elabhorethri nasembonini yokuhlaziya amanani kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-scandium. Ukukhethwa kwendlela efanele kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwesampula, umkhawulo wokuthola odingekayo kanye nokunemba kokutholwa.
Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwendlela yokumuncwa kwe-athomu ye-scandium
Esilinganisweni se-elementi, i-spectroscopy yokumuncwa kwe-athomu inokunemba okuphezulu nokuzwela, ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokutadisha izici zamakhemikhali, ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe, nokuqukethwe kwezinto.
Okulandelayo, sizosebenzisa i-spectroscopy yokumuncwa kwe-athomu ukukala okuqukethwe kwesici sensimbi.
Izinyathelo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Lungiselela isampula ezohlolwa. Ukuze ulungise isisombululo sesampula esizolinganiswa, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-asidi exubile ukuze kugaywe ukudla ukuze kube lula ukukala okulandelayo.
Khetha i-spectrometer efanelekile yokumuncwa kwe-athomu. Khetha i-spectrometer efanelekile yokumuncwa kwe-athomu ngokusekelwe ezicini zesampula okufanele zihlolwe kanye nobubanzi bokuqukethwe kwe-scandium okufanele kukalwe. Lungisa amapharamitha we-spectrometer yokumuncwa kwe-athomu. Lungisa amapharamitha we-spectrometer yokumuncwa kwe-athomu, okuhlanganisa umthombo wokukhanya, i-atomizer, umtshina, njll., ngokusekelwe kusici esihloliwe nemodeli yensimbi.
Linganisa ukumuncwa kwesici se-scandium. Beka isampula ukuze ihlolwe ku-atomizer futhi ukhiphe imisebe yokukhanya yobude obuthile begagasi ngomthombo wokukhanya. I-elementi ye-scandium ezohlolwa izomunca le misebe yokukhanya futhi idlule ekushintsheni kwezinga lamandla. Linganisa ukumuncwa kwesici se-scandium ngomtshina.
Bala okuqukethwe kwe-elementi ye-scandium. Bala okuqukethwe kwe-elementi ye-scandium ngokusekelwe ekumunceni nasekujikeni okujwayelekile.
Emsebenzini wangempela, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izindlela zokulinganisa ezifanele ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zesayithi. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni nasekutholeni insimbi kumalabhorethri nasezimbonini.
Ekupheleni kwesingeniso sethu esiphelele se-scandium, sithemba ukuthi abafundi bangaba nokuqonda okujulile nolwazi lwalesi sici esihle. I-Scandium, njengento ebalulekile etafuleni le-periodic, ayifezi nje indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wesayensi, kodwa futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nakweminye imikhakha.
Ngokutadisha izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, inqubo yokutholwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-scandium kusayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe, singabona ukukhanga okuyingqayizivele namandla alesi sici. Kusukela ezintweni ze-aerospace kuya kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, kusukela kumakhemikhali e-petrochemical kuya emishinini yezokwelapha, i-scandium idlala indima ebalulekile.
Yebo, kufanele futhi siqaphele ukuthi nakuba i-scandium iletha ukuphila kwethu kalula, nayo inezingozi ezingaba khona. Ngakho-ke, nakuba sidinga ukujabulela izinzuzo ze-scandium, kufanele futhi sinake ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ukuze sigweme izinkinga ezingaba khona.I-Scandium iyingxenye efanelekela ukutadisha nokuqonda kwethu ngokujulile. Ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, silindele ukuthi i-scandium idlale izinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele emikhakheni eminingi futhi ilethe ukunethezeka okwengeziwe nezimanga ezimpilweni zethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2024