Ceriumbụ a isi awọ na ndụ metal na a njupụta nke 6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (hexagonal crystal), agbaze ebe 795 ℃, esi nke 3443 ℃, na ductility. Ọ bụ igwe lanthanide kacha dị n'okike. Iri cerium gbatọrọ agbagọ na-agbakarị ọkụ.
Ceriumna-adị mfe oxidized na ụlọ okpomọkụ na-atụfu ya nwuo na ikuku. Enwere ike ịgba ya ọkụ n'ikuku site na iji mma na-ekpocha ya (cerium dị ọcha adịghị enwekarị ọkụ ọkụ na mberede, ma ọ na-adịkarị mfe ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ntakịrị oxidized ma ọ bụ alloy na ígwè). Mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ na-ere ọkụ na ikuku iji mepụta ceria. Nwere ike iji mmiri esi mmiri meghachi omume iji mepụta cerium hydroxide, soluble na acid mana enweghị ike ime na alkali.
1. Ihe omimi nke cerium element
cerium,nwere nọmba atọm nke 58, bụ nkeobere ụwa ọchama bụrụ ihe nke lanthanide dị na Group IIIB nke usoro oge nke isii. Ihe akara izizi ya bụCe, na ọ bụ ọlaọcha isi awọ arụ ọrụ ígwè. Uzuzu ya na-adịkarị mfe ọkụ ọkụ na ikuku ma na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na acids na ndị na-ebelata ihe. Aha cerium sitere n'eziokwu na ọdịnaya cerium dị n'ime eriri ụwa bụ ihe dịka 0.0046%, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mejupụtara ụwa kachasị dị ụkọ.
N'ime ezinụlọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na cerium bụ "nnukwu nwanne". Nke mbu, nchikota onu ogugu nke uwa na-adighike n'okirikiri uwa bu 238ppm, nke nwere cerium ruru 68 ppm, nke bu 28% nke oke nkesa uwa a na-adighi obere ma buru uzo buru uzo; Nke abuo, cerium bụ ihe nke abụọ dị ụkọ n'ụwa chọpụtara afọ itoolu ka achọpụtara yayttriumna 1794. Ugbu a, emelitere ozi dị mkpa, ị nwere ike ịlele ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ozi makaakụkọ azụmahịa.
2. Isi ojiji nke cerium
1. Ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi, na ihe kacha nnọchiteanya ngwa bụ akpakanamde iyuzucha ọcha catalysts. Ịtinye cerium na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dị ka platinum, rhodium, palladium, wdg. nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ma belata ọnụ ahịa ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa ejiri. Ihe ndị bụ́ isi na-emetọ ikuku ikuku bụ carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, na amonia oxides, bụ́ ndị nwere ike imetụta usoro hematopoietic nke mmadụ, na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ photochemical, na-emepụta carcinogens, na-emebi mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. Nkà na ụzụ na-adị ọcha nke ternary nwere ike oxidize hydrocarbons na carbon monoxide n'ụzọ zuru ezu iji mepụta carbon dioxide na mmiri, na decompose oxides n'ime amonia na oxygen (ya mere aha ternary catalysis).
2. Ngbanwe nke ọla ndị na-emerụ ahụ: Cerium sulfide nwere ike dochie ọla ndị dị ka lead na cadmium nke na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ụmụ mmadụ dị ka ihe na-acha uhie uhie maka plastik. Enwere ike iji ya na ụlọ ọrụ dịka mkpuchi, inks, na akwụkwọ. A na-ejikwa ogige organic dị ka cerium ọgaranya ìhè obere ụwa cyclic acid salts dị ka ihe na-ehicha agba, PVC plastic stabilizers, na MC nylon modifiers. Ha nwere ike dochie ihe ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka nnu nnu ma belata ihe ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ka igwu mmiri. 3. Ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachasị ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa dị ka cerium, nwere ike melite ogo ihe ọkụkụ, mụbaa mkpụrụ, ma welie nguzogide nrụgide ihe ọkụkụ. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri, ọ nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mmepụta akwa nke anụ ọkụkọ na ọnụego nlanarị nke azụ na azụ azụ, ma melite ogo ajị anụ nke atụrụ nwere ogologo ntutu.
3, Common ogige nke cerium
1.Cerium oxide- ihe inorganic nwere usoro kemịkalCeO2, ntụ ntụ inyeaka na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ odo odo. Njupụta 7.13g/cm3, ebe mgbaze 2397 ℃, enweghị ike ime na mmiri na alkali, obere soluble na acid. Ọrụ ya na-agụnye ihe na-egbuke egbuke, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ndị na-ebu ibu (ihe mgbakwunye), ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ultraviolet, mmanụ ọkụ electrolytes, ndị na-ekpochapụ ụgbọala, seramiki eletrọnịkị, wdg.
2. Cerium sulfide - na molekụla usoro CeS, bụ ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na-acha uhie uhie pigment eji na ubi nke plastik, mkpuchi, akọwa, pigmenti, wdg Ọ bụ red powdery umi na-acha odo odo na-adọ inorganic pigmenti. N'ịbụ nke inorganic pigmenti, ọ nwere ike agba agba, agba na-egbuke egbuke, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ọkụ na-eguzogide, ihu igwe na-eguzogide, ike mkpuchi mara mma, na-abụghị ịkwaga, ma bụrụ ihe magburu onwe ya dochie anya metal metal inorganic pigmenti dị ka cadmium red.
3. Cerium chloride- nke a makwaara dị ka cerium trichloride, bụ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụcerium chloridema ọ bụ ngwakọta hydrated nke cerium chloride nke na-akpasu anya, usoro iku ume, na akpụkpọ ahụ. A na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ụgbọala, ogige etiti, nakwa na mmepụta nkecerium metal.
Oge nzipu: Sep-12-2024