Element Holmium na ụzọ nchọpụta nkịtị
Na tebụl oge nke kemịkalụ, enwere ihe a na-akpọholmium, nke bụ ígwè na-adịghị ahụkebe. Ihe mmewere a siri ike na ime ụlọ ma nwee ebe mgbaze dị elu na ebe esi mmiri. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị akụkụ kachasị mma nke holium element. Ezigbo mma ya bụ n'eziokwu na mgbe ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ, ọ na-ewepụta ìhè akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mara mma. Ihe holium dị na steeti a nwere obi ụtọ dị ka mkpuru akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke, mara mma na ihe omimi. Ụmụ mmadụ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke holmium dị mkpụmkpụ dị mkpirikpi. N'afọ 1879, onye Swedish chemist Per Theodor Klebe bu ụzọ chọpụta ihe holium ma kpọọ ya aha obodo ya. Mgbe ọ na-amụ erbium na-adịghị ọcha, ọ chọtara holium n'onwe ya site n'iwepụ yayttriumnascandium. Ọ kpọrọ aha agba aja aja Holmia (aha Latin maka Stockholm) na ihe ndụ ndụ ndụ Tulia. O wee kewaa dysprosium nke ọma iji kewaa holmium dị ọcha. Na tebụl oge nke ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ, holmium nwere ụfọdụ ihe pụrụ iche na ojiji ya. Holmium bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa nwere nnukwu ndọta, yabụ a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ndọta. N'otu oge ahụ, holmium nwekwara ihe nrịbama dị elu, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mma maka ịmepụta ngwa anya na eriri anya. Na mgbakwunye, holmium na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na ngalaba ọgwụ, ike, na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Taa, ka anyị banye n'ime ihe anwansi a nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa - holmium. Nyochaa ihe omimi ya ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu ọ na-enye ọha mmadụ.
Akụkụ ngwa nke holium element
Holmium bụ ihe kemịkalụ nwere ọnụọgụ atọm nke 67 ma bụrụ nke usoro lanthanide. Ihe na-esonụ bụ mmeghe zuru ezu na ụfọdụ mpaghara ngwa nke holium element:
1. Holmium magnet:Holmium nwere ezigbo ihe ndọta, a na-ejikwa ya dịka ihe eji eme ndọta. Karịsịa na nyocha nke oke okpomọkụ, a na-ejikarị magnetik holmium eme ihe dị ka ihe maka superconductors iji welie oghere magnetik nke superconductors.
2. Glass Holmium:Holmium nwere ike inye iko pụrụ iche akụrụngwa anya ma jiri ya mee lasers iko holium. A na-eji laser Holmium eme ihe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ, a pụkwara iji ya na-agwọ ọrịa anya, ịkpụ ọla na ihe ndị ọzọ, wdg.
3. Ụlọ ọrụ ike nuklia:Holmium's isotope holmium-165 nwere akụkụ cross neutron dị elu ma ejiri ya chịkwaa ngbanwe neutron na nkesa ike nke ihe nrụpụta nuklia.
4. Ngwa anya: Holmium nwekwara ụfọdụ ngwa na ngwa anya ngwaọrụ, dị ka ngwa anya waveguides, photodetectors, modulators, wdg na ngwa anya fiber nkwukọrịta.
5. Ihe fluorescent:Enwere ike iji ogige Holmium mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke iji mepụta oriọna fluorescent, ihe ngosi ihe ngosi na-egosi fluorescent.6. metal alloys:Enwere ike ịgbakwunye Holmium na ọla ndị ọzọ iji mee alloys iji melite nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ, nguzogide corrosion na ịgbado ọkụ nke ọla. A na-ejikarị ya arụpụta injin ụgbọ elu, igwe ụgbọ ala na akụrụngwa kemịkal. Holmium nwere ngwa dị mkpa na ndọta, lasers iko, ụlọ ọrụ ike nuklia, ngwa anya, ihe fluorescent na alloys metal.
Njirimara anụ ahụ nke holium element
1. Atọm Ọdịdị: Atọm Ọdịdị nke holmium bụ nke 67 eletrọn mejupụtara. Na nhazi nke eletrọnịkị ya, e nwere 2 electrons na oyi akwa nke mbụ, 8 electrons na oyi akwa nke abụọ, 18 electrons na oyi akwa nke atọ, na 29 electrons na oyi akwa nke anọ. Ya mere, e nwere 2 ụzọ abụọ nke eletrọn na elu oyi akwa.
2. Njupụta na ike: Njupụta nke holmium bụ 8.78 g / cm3, nke bụ njupụta dị elu. Isi ike ya bụ ihe dịka 5.4 Mohs hardness.
3. Ebe mgbaze na ebe esi mmiri: Ebe mgbaze nke holmium dị ihe dịka 1474 degrees Celsius na ebe esi mmiri dị ihe dịka 2695 degrees Celsius.
4. Igwe Ọdụdọ: Holmium bụ ọla nwere ezigbo ndọta. Ọ na-egosi feromagnetism na obere okpomọkụ, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-efunahụ magnetism ya na okpomọkụ dị elu. Ihe ndọta nke holmium na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa na ngwa ndọta yana n'ime nyocha nke oke okpomọkụ dị elu.
5. Spectral characters: Holmium na-egosi nnabata doro anya na ahịrị ikuku n'ụdị a na-ahụ anya. Ahịrị ikuku ya na-adị na mpaghara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbara ọbara, na-ebute ogige holium na-enwekarị agba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara.
6. Thermal conductivity: Holmium nwere a dịtụ elu thermal conductivity nke banyere 16.2 W/m·Kelvin. Nke a na-eme holmium bara uru na ụfọdụ ngwa na-achọ ezigbo okpomọkụ conductivity. Holmium bụ ọla nwere nnukwu njupụta, ike na magnetism. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na magnetik, nnukwu okpomọkụ superconductors, spectroscopy na thermal conductivity.
Njirimara kemịkalụ nke holmium
1. Reactivity: Holmium bụ metal siri ike nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ emeghachi omume na ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla na acid. Ọ naghị emeghachi omume na ikuku na mmiri na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ma mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ na-emeghachi omume na ikuku oxygen na-eme ka ọ bụrụ holium oxide.
2. Solubility: Holmium nwere ezigbo solubility na ngwọta acidic ma nwee ike imeghachi ya na sulfuric acid, nitric acid na hydrochloric acid iji mepụta nnu holmium kwekọrọ.
3. Oxidation steeti: Ọnọdụ oxidation nke holmium na-abụkarị +3. Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ogige dị iche iche, dị ka oxides (Ho2O3chlorides (HoCl3, sulfates (Ho2 (SO4) 3), wdg. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, holmium nwekwara ike igosi steeti oxidation dị ka +2, +4 na +5, mana steeti oxidation ndị a anaghị adịkarị.
4. Mgbagwoju anya: Holmium nwere ike ịmepụta ogige dị iche iche, nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ ogige ndị dabeere na ion holmium (III). Mgbagwoju anya ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nyocha kemịkalụ, ihe na-akpali akpali na nyocha biochemical.
5. Reactivity: Holmium na-egosipụtakarị mmeghachi omume dị nro na mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Ọ nwere ike sonye n'ọtụtụ ụdị mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị ka mmeghachi omume mbelata oxidation, mmeghachi omume nhazi, na mmeghachi omume dị mgbagwoju anya. Holmium bụ ọla kwụsiri ike, yana akụrụngwa kemịkalụ ya na-egosipụtakarị na mmeghachi omume dị ala, ezigbo solubility, steeti oxidation dị iche iche, yana nguzobe nke ogige dị iche iche. Njirimara ndị a na-eme ka holmium na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, nhazi nhazi, na nyocha biochemical.
Njirimara ndu nke holmium
Amụchabeghị ihe gbasara ihe ọmụmụ nke holmium, yana ozi anyị maara ugbu a nwere oke. Ihe ndị a bụ ụfọdụ njirimara nke holium n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ:
1. Bioavailability: Holmium dị obere na okike, yabụ ọdịnaya ya na ntule dị obere. Holmium nwere bioavailability na-adịghị mma, ya bụ, ikike nke akụkụ ahụ nwere ike itinye na ịmịnye holmium nwere oke, nke bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara na-aghọtachaghị ọrụ na mmetụta nke holmium n'ime ahụ mmadụ.
2. Ọrụ anụ ahụ: Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ntakịrị ihe ọmụma banyere ọrụ physiological nke holmium, nchọpụta egosiwo na holmium nwere ike itinye aka na ụfọdụ usoro biochemical dị mkpa n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Nnyocha sayensị egosila na holmium nwere ike jikọta na ahụike ọkpụkpụ na akwara, mana usoro a kapịrị ọnụ ka edoghị anya.
3. Nsi: N'ihi obere bioavailability ya, holmium nwere obere nsi na ahụ mmadụ. N'ime ọmụmụ anụmanụ ụlọ nyocha, ikpughe na nnukwu mkpokọta holmium nwere ike imebi imeju na akụrụ, mana nyocha ugbu a gbasara nsi nsi nke holmium na-adịghị ala ala nwere oke oke. Njirimara ndu nke holmium n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ aghọtabeghị nke ọma. Nnyocha dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ physiological nwere ike ime yana mmetụta nsị na ihe ndị dị ndụ. Site na ọganihu sayensị na teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, nyocha banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ nke holmium ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.
Nkesa eke nke holmium
Nkesa nke holmium n'okike dị ụkọ, ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị nwere obere ọdịnaya dị n'ime ụwa. Nke a bụ nkesa holium n'okike:
1. Nkesa n'ime eriri ụwa: Ọdịnaya nke holmium n'ime ụwa dị ihe dịka 1.3ppm (akụkụ kwa nde), nke bụ ihe dị ụkọ n'ime ụwa. N'agbanyeghị obere ọdịnaya ya, enwere ike ịhụ holmium n'ime okwute ụfọdụ na ọla, dị ka ọla nwere ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa.
2. Ọnụnọ na mineral: Holmium na-adịkarị n'ụdị oxides, dị ka holmium oxide (Ho2O3). Ho2O3 bụ aobere ụwa oxideore nke nwere oke holmium.
3. Ihe mejupụtara n'okike: Holmium na-ebikọkarị na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa yana akụkụ nke ihe ndị lanthanide. Ọ nwere ike ịdị na okike n'ụdị oxides, sulfates, carbonates, wdg.
4. Ọnọdụ mpaghara nke nkesa: Nkesa holium bụ otu n'otu gburugburu ụwa, mana mmepụta ya nwere oke oke. Ụfọdụ mba nwere ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe holmium ore, dị ka China, Australia, Brazil, wdg. Holmium dị ụkọ na ọdịdị na tumadi dị n'ụdị oxides na ore. Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya dị ala, ọ na-ebikọ ọnụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa na enwere ike ịhụ ya na mpaghara ụfọdụ kpọmkwem. N'ihi ụkọ ya na mmachi nkesa ya, ngwuputa na ojiji nke holmium siri ike.
Mwepụta na agbaze nke Holmium Element
Holmium bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa, usoro ngwuputa ya na mmepụta ya yiri ihe ndị ọzọ dị ụkọ n'ụwa. Ihe na-esonụ bụ mmeghe zuru ezu na usoro ngwuputa na mwepu nke holium element:
1. Ịchọ Holmium ore: Enwere ike ịhụ Holmium n'ime ọla ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, na ọla ndị a na-ahụkarị na-agụnye oxide ore na carbonate. Ore ndị a nwere ike ịdị n'ime ala ma ọ bụ n'ime oghere oghere.
2. Igwepịa na igwe ọka: Mgbe e gwuchara, ọ dị mkpa ka a gwerie ọka holmium ma gbanye ya n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe ma nụchaa ọzọ.
3. Flotation: Nkewa nke holium ore site na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ site na usoro flotation. N'ime usoro flotation, a na-ejikarị diluent na foam agent mee ka holmium ore na-ese n'elu mmiri mmiri, wee na-eduzi ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal.
4. Hydration: Mgbe floating, holmium ore ga-enweta ọgwụgwọ hydration iji mee ka ọ ghọọ nnu holmium. Ọgwụgwọ hydration na-agụnye iji ngwọta acid dilute meghachi omume iji mepụta ngwọta nnu holmium acid.
5. Mmiri ozuzo na nzacha: Site n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, holmium na ngwọta nnu holmium acid na-ebuli elu. Mgbe ahụ, yochaa nsụda ahụ ka ikewapụta ihe dị ọcha nke holium.
6. Calcination: Holmium precipitates kwesịrị ịga ọgwụgwọ calcination. Usoro a na-agụnye ikpo ọkụ holmium na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu iji gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ holmium oxide.
7. Mbelata: Holmium oxide na-enweta ọgwụgwọ mbelata ka ọ ghọọ holmium ọla. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji ihe ndị na-ebelata (dị ka hydrogen) mee ihe maka mbelata n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu. 8. Nnụcha: Holmium metal belatara nwere ike ịnwe adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na ọ dị mkpa ka a nụchaa na sachaa ya. Ụzọ nnụcha gụnyere mmịpụta ihe mgbaze, electrolysis, na mbelata kemịkal. Mgbe usoro ndị a dị n'elu, ịdị ọcha dị eluHolium metalenwere ike nweta. Enwere ike iji ọla holmium ndị a maka nkwadebe nke alloys, ihe ndọta, ụlọ ọrụ ike nuklia na ngwaọrụ laser. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na usoro Ngwuputa na ntinye nke ihe ndi ozo nke uwa di oke mgbagwoju anya ma choro teknụzụ na akụrụngwa di elu iji nweta mmepụta nke oma na nke di ala.
Ụzọ nchọpụta nke holium element
1. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS): Atomic absorption spectrometry bụ usoro nyocha ọnụọgụgụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke na-eji spectra absorption nke ogologo wavelength dị iche iche iji chọpụta ntinye nke holmium na nlele. Ọ na-ewepụta ihe nlele a ga-anwale n'ọkụ, wee tụọ ike nke holmium n'ime ihe nlele site na spectrometer. Usoro a dabara adaba maka nchọpụta holmium na ọkwa dị elu.
2. Inductively jikọtara plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES): Inductively jikọtara plasma optical emission spectrometry bụ usoro nyocha nke ukwuu na nhọrọ nke a na-ejikarị na nyocha nke ọtụtụ ihe. Ọ na-ewepụta ihe nlele ahụ wee mepụta plasma iji tụọ ogologo ebili mmiri na ike nke ikuku holium na spectrometer.
3. Inductively jikọtara plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): Inductively jikọtara plasma mass spectrometry bụ usoro nyocha nke ukwuu na mkpebi dị elu nke enwere ike iji mee ihe maka mkpebi nha anya isotope na nyocha ihe nyocha. Ọ na-ewepụta ihe nlele ahụ wee mepụta plasma iji tụọ oke nha na chaja nke holium n'ime igwe spectrometer.
4. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): X-ray fluorescence spectrometry na-eji spectrum fluorescence emepụtara site na nlele mgbe X-ray nwere mmasị na ya iji nyochaa ọdịnaya nke ihe. Ọ nwere ike ịchọpụta ọdịnaya holmium ngwa ngwa na enweghị mbibi. A na-eji ụzọ ndị a eme ihe na ụlọ nyocha na mpaghara mmepụta ihe maka nyocha ọnụọgụ na njikwa mma nke holium. Nhọrọ nke usoro kwesịrị ekwesị dabere n'ihe ndị dị ka ụdị nlele, njedebe nchọpụta achọrọ na nchọpụta ziri ezi.
Ngwa a kapịrị ọnụ nke usoro nnabata holium atomic
Na nha mmewere, usoro nnabata atomic nwere oke ziri ezi na nghọta, ma na-enye ụzọ dị mma maka ịmụ ihe akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, ihe mejupụtara ya na ọdịnaya nke ihe. Usoro ndị a kapịrị ọnụ bụ ndị a: Kwadebe ihe nlele a ga-atụ. Kwadebe ihe nlele a ga-atụle ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta, nke na-adịkarị mkpa ka e jiri acid agwakọta gbarie maka nha na-esote. Họrọ spectrometer absorption nke atomic dabara adaba. Dabere na njirimara nke ihe nlele a ga-atụ na oke ọdịnaya holmium ka a ga-atụ, họrọ spectrometer absorption atomiki dabara adaba. Gbanwee paramita nke spectrometer absorption nke atọm. Dị ka mmewere a ga-atụ na ihe nlereanya ngwá, gbanwee paramita nke atomiki absorption spectrometer, gụnyere ìhè isi iyi, atomizer, detector, wdg Tulee absorbance nke holmium. Debe ihe nlele ahụ ka a tụrụ ya na atomizer, ma wepụta radieshon ọkụ nke ogologo ogologo ogologo site na isi iyi ọkụ. Ihe holium a ga-atụle ga-etinye ọkụ ọkụ ndị a ma mepụta mgbanwe ọkwa ike. Tụọ nnabata nke holmium site na ihe nchọta. Gbakọọ ọdịnaya nke holmium. Dị ka nnabata na ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ si dị, a na-agbakọ ọdịnaya nke holmium. Ndị na-esonụ bụ kpọmkwem paramita nke ngwa eji atụ holium.
Holmium (Ho) ọkọlọtọ: holmium oxide (ọkwa nyocha).
Usoro: tụọ nke ọma 1.1455g Ho2O3, gbarie na 20mL 5Mole hydrochloric acid, gbanye 1L na mmiri, ntinye nke Ho na ngwọta a bụ 1000μg / ml. Chekwaa n'ime karama polyethylene pụọ na ìhè.
Ụdị ire ọkụ: nitrous oxide-acetylene, ire ọkụ bara ụba
Usoro nyocha: Ogologo ogologo (nm) 410.4 bandwidth Spectral (nm) 0.2
Ihe nzacha ọkụ 0.6 akwadoro oriọna ugbu a (mA) 6
Igwe ọkụ na-adịghị mma (v) 384.5
Ogologo isi combustion (mm) 12
Oge njikọta (S) 3
Nrụgide ikuku na eruba (MP, mL/min) 0.25, 5000
Nitrous oxide mgbali na eruba (MP, ml/min) 0.22, 5000
Nrụgide acetylene na eruba (MP, ml/min) 0.1, 4500
Ọnụọgụ njikọ Linear 0.9980
Mmetụta njirimara (μg/ml) 0.841
Usoro mgbako usoro na-aga n'ihu Ngwọta acidity 0.5%
Tebụl atụnyere HCl:
Usoro nhazi nhazi:
Ntinye aka: Holmium ka etinyere ion n'ime ọkụ nitrous oxide-acetylene. Ịtinye potassium nitrate ma ọ bụ potassium chloride na mkpokọta potassium ikpeazụ nke 2000μg/mL nwere ike igbochi ionization nke holmium. N'ime ọrụ n'ezie, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ usoro nha kwesịrị ekwesị dịka mkpa saịtị ahụ siri dị. A na-eji ụzọ ndị a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nyocha na nchọpụta cadmium na ụlọ nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ.
Holmium egosila ikike dị ukwuu n'ọtụtụ mpaghara yana akụrụngwa ya pụrụ iche yana ọtụtụ ojiji eji eme ya. Site n'ịghọta akụkọ ihe mere eme, usoro nchọpụta,mkpa na ntinye nke holmium, anyị nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma mkpa na uru nke ihe anwansi a. Ka anyị na-atụ anya holmium na-ewetara ọha mmadụ ihe ịtụnanya na ọganihu n'ọdịnihu ma na-enye onyinye dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ọganihu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ajụjụ Holmium welcome tokpọtụrụ anyị
Kedu ihe&tel:008613524231522
Email:sales@shxlchem.com
Oge nzipu: Nov-13-2024