Hafniumnwere ike ịmepụta alloys na ọla ndị ọzọ, nke kachasị nnọchiteanya nke hafnium tantalum alloy, dị ka pentacarbide tetratantalum na hafnium (Ta4HfC5), nke nwere nnukwu agbaze. Ebe mgbaze nke pentacarbide tetratantalum na hafnium nwere ike iru 4215 ℃, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe amara ugbu a nwere ebe mgbaze kachasị elu.
Hafnium, nke nwere akara kemịkalụ Hf, bụ ihe dara ọla bụ nke so na ụdị mgbanwe mgbanwe. Ọdịdị mbụ ya bụ isi awọ ọlaọcha ma nwee ọmarịcha ọla. Ọ nwere ike Mohs nke 5.5, ebe agbaze nke 2233 ℃, yana plastik. Hafnium nwere ike ịmepụta mkpuchi oxide na ikuku, na ihe onwunwe ya kwụsiri ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Hafnium ntụ ntụ nwere ike ịgbanye ikuku na mberede, ma nwee ike meghachi omume na oxygen na nitrogen na oke okpomọkụ. Hafnium anaghị eji mmiri eme ihe, na-atụgharị acids dị ka hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, na ngwọta alkaline siri ike. Ọ na-agbaze na acid siri ike dị ka aqua regia na hydrofluoric acid, ma nwee ezigbo nguzogide corrosion.
Ihe mmewerehafniumAchọpụtara ya na 1923. Hafnium nwere obere ọdịnaya n'ime eriri ụwa, naanị 0.00045%. A na-ejikọta ya na zirconium ọla ma ọ nweghị ọla dị iche iche. Enwere ike ịhụ Hafnium n'ọtụtụ mines zirconium, dị ka beryllium zircon, zircon, na mineral ndị ọzọ. Ụdị ọla abụọ mbụ nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke hafnium mana ihe nchekwa dị ala, na zircon bụ isi iyi nke hafnium. N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ, mkpokọta ihe onwunwe hafnium karịrị nde tọn 1. Mba ndị nwere nchekwa buru ibu gụnyere South Africa, Australia, United States, Brazil, India na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. A na-ekesakwa ogbunigwe Hafnium na Guangxi na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke China.
N'afọ 1925, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị abụọ si Sweden na Netherlands chọtara mmewere hafnium ma kwadebe hafnium metal site na iji usoro fluorinated mgbagwoju anya fractional crystallization na usoro mgbanaka sodium metal. Hafnium nwere ihe owuwu kristal abụọ ma gosipụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa hexagonal na okpomọkụ n'okpuru 1300 ℃（ α - Mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'elu 1300 ℃, ọ na-egosi dị ka ụdị cubic gbadoro ụkwụ (β- Equation). Hafnium nwekwara isotopes isii kwụsiri ike, ya bụ hafnium 174, hafnium 176, hafnium 177, hafnium 178, hafnium 179, na hafnium 180. N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ, United States na France bụ ndị na-emepụta hafnium ígwè.
Isi ogige nke hafnium gụnyerehafnium dioxidee (HfO2), hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl4), na hafnium hydroxide (H4HfO4). Enwere ike iji Hafnium dioxide na hafnium tetrachloride mepụta ọlahafnium, hafnium dioxidenwekwara ike iji dozie hafnium alloys, na hafnium hydroxide nwere ike iji dozie ogige hafnium dị iche iche. Hafnium nwere ike ịmepụta alloys na ọla ndị ọzọ, nke kachasị nnọchi anya hafnium tantalum alloy, dị ka pentacarbide tetratantalum na hafnium (Ta4HfC5), nke nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu. Ebe mgbaze nke pentacarbide tetratantalum na hafnium nwere ike iru 4215 ℃, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe amara ugbu a nwere ebe mgbaze kachasị elu.
Dị ka "2022-2026 Deep Market Research and Investment Strategy Report on the Metal Hafnium Industry" wepụtara nke Xinjie Industry Research Center, nwere ike iji metal hafnium rụpụta incandescent oriọna filaments, X-ray tube cathodes, na processor ọnụ ụzọ dielectrics. ; Enwere ike iji hafnium tungsten alloy na hafnium molybdenum alloy rụpụta electrodes tube na-agbapụta voltaji, ebe hafnium tantalum alloy nwere ike iji rụpụta ihe nguzogide na igwe nchara; Carbide carbide (HfC) enwere ike iji rọketi nozzles na ụgbọ elu na-aga n'ihu nchebe n'ígwé, ebe hafnium boride (HfB2) nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka alloy okpomọkụ; Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, hafnium metal nwere nnukwu akụkụ nke neutron absorption cross-section na a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe nchịkwa na ihe nchebe maka ndị na-emepụta ihe.
Industry nyocha si Xinsijie kwuru na n'ihi na ya uru nke ọxịdashọn-eguzogide, corrosion eguzogide, elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na mfe nke nhazi, hafnium nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke downstream ngwa na ọla, alloys, ogige, na ndị ọzọ ubi, dị ka electronic ihe. ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe alloy siri ike, na ihe ike atomiki. Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ihe ọhụrụ, ozi eletrọnịkị, na ikuku ikuku, mpaghara ngwa ngwa nke hafnium na-agbasawanye mgbe niile, ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na-apụta mgbe niile. Ọdịnihu mmepe ga-ekwe omume.
Oge nzipu: Sep-27-2023