Praseodymium oxide,usoro ihe omimiPr6O11, molekụla arọ 1021.44.
Enwere ike iji ya na iko, metallurgy, yana dịka mgbakwunye maka ntụ ntụ fluorescent. Praseodymium oxide bụ otu n'ime ngwaahịa dị mkpa na ìhèngwaahịa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe.
N'ihi ihe pụrụ iche nke anụ ahụ na kemịkal ya, ejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka seramiiki, iko, magnetik ụwa na-adịgide adịgide, ihe na-akpata mgbawa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ntụ ntụ na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa, ihe egweri, na mgbakwunye, nwere atụmanya na-ekwe nkwa.
Kemgbe 1990s, teknụzụ mmepụta na akụrụngwa nke China maka praseodymium oxide emela nnukwu nkwalite na nkwalite, yana ngwa ngwa ngwaahịa yana uto. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ike izute oke ngwa ngwa ụlọ yana ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ, mana enwerekwa oke mbupụ. Ya mere, nkà na ụzụ mmepụta nke China ugbu a, ngwaahịa na mmepụta nke praseodymium oxide, yana ọchịchọ maka ịnyefe na ahịa ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ, so na otu ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ụwa.
Njirimara
Black ntụ ntụ, njupụta 6.88g/cm3, ebe agbaze 2042 ℃, ebe esi 3760 ℃. Apụghị anyụ anyụ n'ime mmiri, soluble na acid na-etolite trivalent salts. Ezi conductivity.
Synthesis
1. Usoro nkewa kemịkalụ. Ọ na-agụnye usoro kristal dị nta, usoro oke mmiri ozuzo na usoro oxidation. Nke mbụ bụ nkewapụrụ dabere na ọdịiche dị na solubility kristal nke nitrates ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe. Nkewa ahụ dabere na ngwaahịa oke mmiri ozuzo dị iche iche nke nnu siri ike sulfate ụwa. E kewapụrụ nke ikpeazụ dabere na oxidation nke trivalent Pr3+ ruo tetravalent Pr4+. E tinyebeghị ụzọ atọ ndị a na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi obere mgbake ụwa, usoro mgbagwoju anya, ọrụ siri ike, mmepụta dị ala, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu.
2. Usoro nkewa. Gụnyere usoro nkewa nkewa mgbagwoju anya na usoro nkewa nke saponification P-507. Nke mbụ na-eji mgbagwoju extrusion DYPA na N-263 extractants wepụ na ikewapụ praseodymium na nitric acid usoro nke praseodymium neodymium enrichment, na-ebute Pr6O11 99% mkpụrụ nke 98%. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi usoro mgbagwoju anya, nnukwu oriri nke ihe mgbagwoju anya, na ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa dị elu, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na mmepụta mmepụta ihe. Abụọ nke ikpeazụ nwere ezigbo mmịpụta na nkewa nke praseodymium na P-507, nke etinyere ha abụọ na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nnukwu arụmọrụ nke P-507 mmịpụta nke praseodymium na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke P-204, a na-ejikarị P-507 mmịpụta na nkewa nkewa eme ihe ugbu a na mmepụta mmepụta ihe.
3. A naghị eji usoro mgbanwe ion eme ihe na mmepụta n'ihi ogologo oge ya, ọrụ na-akpata nsogbu, na mkpụrụ dị ala, ma ngwaahịa dị ọcha Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, mkpụrụ ≥ 85%, na mmepụta kwa unit nke akụrụngwa dị ntakịrị.
1) Mmepụta nke ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide site na iji usoro mgbanwe ion: iji praseodymium neodymium enriched compounds (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 dị ka akụrụngwa. A na-akwado ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta nri (Pr, Nd) Cl3 wee tinye ya na kọlụm mgbasa ozi iji gbasaa ụwa ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe. Mgbe itinye uche nke ihe nri nri na-abata bụ otu ihe ahụ na-apụ apụ, mgbasa ozi nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agwụcha ma na-echere usoro ọzọ iji mee ihe. Mgbe etinyere kọlụm n'ime resin cationic, a na-eji ngwọta CuSO4-H2SO4 na-abanye na kọlụm iji dozie kọlụm nkewa ụwa nke Cu H + maka ojiji. Mgbe ijikọ otu kọlụm adsorption na kọlụm nkewa atọ n'usoro, jiri EDT A (0 015M) Na-abanye na ntinye nke kọlụm adsorption nke mbụ maka nkewa elution (ọnụego leaching 1 2cm / min). kọlụm nkewa nke atọ n'oge nkewa leaching, onye nnata nwere ike ịnakọta ya ma mesoo ya ọgwụ iji nweta Nd2O3. byproduct. Mgbe neodymium dị na kọlụm nkewa kewapụrụ, a na-anakọta ihe ngwọta PrCl3 dị ọcha na ntinye nke kọlụm nkewa ma tinye ya na ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ iji mepụta ngwaahịa Pr6O11 nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na kọlụm adsorption → njikọ nke kọlụm nkewa → nkewa leaching → nchịkọta nke ngwọta praseodymium dị ọcha → oxalic acid mmiri ozuzo → nchọpụta → nkwakọ ngwaahịa.
2) Mmepụta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide site na iji usoro mmịpụta P-204: iji lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 dị ka akụrụngwa. Gwakọta ihe ndị ahụ n'ime mmiri mmiri, saponify P-204, tinye mmanụ ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta na-emepụta ihe. Kewapụ mmiri mmiri nri na praseodymium ewepụtara n'ime tankị mmịpụta agwakọta. Wee sachaa ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha n'ime akụkụ ahụ, ma jiri HCl wepụ praseodymium iji nweta ngwọta PrCl3 dị ọcha. Were oxalic acid, calcine, na ngwugwu wụsa iji nweta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide. Isi usoro bụ dị ka ndị a: akụrụngwa → nkwadebe nke nri ngwọta → P-204 mmịpụta nke praseodymium → ịsacha → ala acid stripping nke praseodymium → dị ọcha PrCl3 ngwọta → oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → ule → nkwakọ (proseodymium oxide ngwaahịa).
3) Mmepụta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide site na iji usoro mmịpụta P507: Iji cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) Cl3 nwetara site na ndịda ionic obere ụwa na-etinye uche dị ka akụrụngwa (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide ≥ 75%). Mgbe iwepụtachara praseodymium na ngwọta nri akwadoro yana P507 extractant na tankị mmịpụta, a na-eji HCl na-asacha adịghị ọcha n'ime akụkụ ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, praseodymium na-eweghachite azụ na HCl iji nweta ngwọta PrCl3 dị ọcha. Mmiri nke praseodymium na oxalic acid, calcination, na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-amịpụta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide. Isi usoro bụ dị ka ndị a: akụrụngwa → nkwadebe nke nri ngwọta → mmịpụta nke praseodymium na P-507 → adịghị ọcha ịsacha → reverse mmịpụta nke praseodymium → dị ọcha PrCl3 ngwọta → oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → nchọpụta → nkwakọ (proseodymium oxide ngwaahịa).
4) Mmepụta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide site na iji usoro mmịpụta P507: Lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 enwetara site na nhazi Sichuan obere ụwa na-eji dị ka akụrụngwa (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide 8.05%), ọ bụkwa ya. kwadebere n'ime a ndepụta mmiri mmiri. A na-ewepụta Praseodymium na saponified P507 extracting agent n'ime tankị mmịpụta, na HCl na-ewepụ adịghị ọcha n'ime akụkụ ahụ organic. Mgbe ahụ, a na-eji HCl mee ihe maka ntụgharị nke praseodymium iji nweta ngwọta PrCl3 dị ọcha. A na-enweta ngwaahịa Praseodymium oxide site na ịkwanye praseodymium na oxalic acid, calcining, na nkwakọ. Usoro bụ isi bụ: akụrụngwa → ihe ngwọta → P-507 mmịpụta nke praseodymium → adịghị ọcha na-asachapụ → ntụgharị nke praseodymium → ngwọta PrCl3 dị ọcha → ọdịda oxalic acid → calcination → nnwale → nkwakọ ( ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide).
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ bụ isi maka imepụta ngwaahịa praseodymium oxide na China bụ usoro mmịpụta P507 site na iji usoro hydrochloric acid, nke ejirila na mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke dị iche iche na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa oxides wee bụrụ teknụzụ usoro mmepụta dị elu n'otu ụzọ ahụ. ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ogo n'etiti ndị kasị elu.
Ngwa
1. Ngwa na obere ugegbe ụwa
Mgbe agbakwunyere oxides ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na akụkụ dị iche iche nke enyo, enwere ike ịme agba dị iche iche nke enyo ụwa dị ụkọ, dị ka iko ndụ ndụ, iko laser, magneto optical, na fiber optic glass, ngwa ha na-agbasa kwa ụbọchị. Mgbe agbakwunyere praseodymium oxide na iko, enwere ike ịme iko na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke nwere uru nka dị elu ma nwee ike iṅomi nkume dị egwu. Ụdị iko a na-adị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mgbe ekpughere ya na ìhè anyanwụ nkịtị, ebe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị agba n'okpuru kandụl. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ịchọ mma adịgboroja na ihe ịchọ mma dị oké ọnụ ahịa, nke nwere agba mara mma na àgwà mara mma.
2. Ngwa na ceramics ụwa dị ụkọ
Enwere ike iji oxides ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ceramics iji mee ọtụtụ ceramik ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na arụmọrụ ka mma. The obere ụwa mma ceramik n'etiti ha bụ ndị nnọchiteanya. Ọ na-eji akụrụngwa ahọpụtara nke ukwuu ma na-anabata usoro na usoro nhazi dị mfe, nke nwere ike ijikwa ihe mejupụtara ceramiki n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Enwere ike kewaa ya n'ụdị abụọ: ceramics na-arụ ọrụ na ceramics nhazi okpomọkụ dị elu. Mgbe ha gbakwunyere oxides ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ha nwere ike imeziwanye singing, density, microstructure, na nhazi nke ceramics iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke ngwa dị iche iche. Igwe glaze seramiiki mere praseodymium oxide dị ka ihe na-acha odo odo adịghị emetụta ikuku dị n'ime kiln, nwere ọdịdị agba kwụsiri ike, elu glaze na-egbuke egbuke, nwere ike imeziwanye ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ, melite nkwụsi ike na ịdị mma nke ceramik, na-abawanye ọtụtụ agba, ma belata ego. Mgbe ịgbakwunye praseodymium oxide na seramiiki pigmenti na glazes, obere ụwa praseodymium odo, praseodymium green, underglaze red pigments na ọcha ghost glaze, ọdụm odo glaze, apple green poselin, wdg nwere ike imepụta. Ụdị poselin nka a nwere arụmọrụ dị elu ma na-ebupụ ya nke ọma, nke na-ewu ewu na mba ọzọ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa si kwuo, ngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke praseodymium neodymium na ceramics karịrị otu puku tọn, na ọ bụkwa onye isi ọrụ nke praseodymium oxide. A na-atụ anya na a ga-enwe ọganihu ka ukwuu n'ọdịnihu.
3. Ngwa na obere ụwa na-adịgide adịgide magnet
Ngwaahịa ike magnetik kachasị (BH) nke (Pr, Sm) Co5 magnet na-adịgide adịgide m = 27MG θ e (216K J / m3). Na (BH) m nke PrFeB bụ 40MG θ E (320K J / m3). Ya mere, iji Pr emepụtara magnet na-adịgide adịgide ka nwere ngwa nwere ike na ma ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nke obodo.
4. Ngwa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-emepụta corundum egweri wiil.
Na ndabere nke corundum na-acha ọcha, ịgbakwụnye ihe dịka 0.25% praseodymium neodymium oxide nwere ike ime wiil corundum na-egweri obere ụwa, na-eme ka arụmọrụ ha sie ike. Welite ọnụego egweri site na 30% ruo 100%, wee mee okpukpu abụọ ndụ ọrụ. Praseodymium oxide nwere ezigbo ihe nchacha maka ụfọdụ ihe, yabụ enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke maka ọrụ polishing. Ọ nwere ihe dịka 7.5% praseodymium oxide na cerium based polishing ntụ ntụ ma na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ihicha ugogbe anya anya, ngwaahịa igwe, iko dị larịị, na tubes telivishọn. Mmetụta na-egbuke egbuke dị mma na olu ngwa ngwa dị ukwuu, nke aghọwo isi ntụ ntụ na-egbuke egbuke na China ugbu a. Ke adianade do, ngwa nke mmanụ ụgbọala cracking catalysts nwere ike melite catalytic ọrụ, na ike ga-eji dị ka ihe mgbakwunye maka steelmaking, ọcha a wụrụ awụ nchara, wdg Na nkenke, ngwa nke praseodymium oxide na-mgbe niile ịgbasa, na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ na-eji na a gwakọtara ala ma e wezụga. otu ụdị nke praseodymium oxide. A na-eme atụmatụ na omume a ga-aga n'ihu n'ọdịnihu.
Oge nzipu: Mee-26-2023