Nwa nke ìhè n'etiti obere ụwa ọla - scandium

Scandiumbụ ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nwere akara mmewereScna nọmba atomic 21. Ihe mmewere bụ igwe mgbanwe dị nro, ọla ọcha na-acha ọcha nke a na-agwakọtakarị yagadolinium, erbium, wdg. Ihe a na-emepụta dị ntakịrị, na ọdịnaya ya n'ime eriri ụwa bụ ihe dịka 0.0005%.

1. Ihe omimi nkescandiummmewere

Ebe agbaze nkescandiumbụ 1541 ℃, isi ihe bụ 2836 ℃, na njupụta bụ 2.985 g / cm³. Scandium bụ igwe ọkụ, ọla ọcha na-acha ọcha nke na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma na kemịkalụ ma nwee ike iji mmiri ọkụ meghachi omume iji mepụta hydrogen. Ya mere, igwe scandium ị na-ahụ na foto a na-emechi na karama ma chebe ya na argon gas. Ma ọ bụghị ya, scandium ga-eme ngwa ngwa na-etolite oyi akwa oxide na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ isi awọ wee tufuo ọmarịcha ọla na-egbuke egbuke.    

2. Isi ojiji nke scandium

Ojiji nke scandium (dị ka isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ, ọ bụghị maka doping) na-etinye uche na ntụziaka na-egbuke egbuke, ọ bụghịkwa ikwubiga okwu ókè ịkpọ ya nwa nke ìhè.

1). Enwere ike iji Scandium sodium oriọna weta ìhè nye puku kwuru puku ezinụlọ. Nke a bụ isi iyi ọkụ eletrik nke metal halide: bọlbụ ahụ jupụtara na sodium iodide na scandium iodide, na scandium na sodium foil na-agbakwunye n'otu oge ahụ. N'oge mwepu voltaji dị elu, ion scandium na ion sodium na-ewepụta ìhè n'otu n'otu n'ogologo ihe e ji mara ya. Ahịrị dị iche iche nke sodium bụ ụzarị edo edo abụọ ama ama na 589.0 na 589.6nm, ebe ahịrị eserese nke scandium bụ usoro nso nso ultraviolet na ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ sitere na 361.3 ruo 424.7nm. N'ihi na ha bụ agba agbakwunyere, agba ọkụ n'ozuzu ya bụ ìhè ọcha. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi na Scandium sodium oriọna nwere àgwà nke elu luminous arụmọrụ, ezi ìhè agba, ike ịzọpụta, ogologo ndụ ndụ na ike foogu-na-agbasa ikike na ọ nwere ike n'ọtụtụ ebe na-eji na telivishọn ese foto na n'ámá, stadiums, na okporo ụzọ ọkụ. ewe kpọ ya ọgbọ nke atọ. ìhè isi iyi. Na China, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwalite ụdị oriọna a dị ka nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, ma na ụfọdụ mba ndị mepere emepe, a na-eji ụdị oriọna a mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmalite 1980s.

2). Igwe fotovoltaic nke anyanwụ nwere ike ịnakọta ìhè gbasasịrị n'ala ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik na-eme ka ọha mmadụ. Scandium bụ ihe mgbochi kachasị mma na metal-insulator-semiconductor silicon photovoltaic cell na sel anyanwụ.

3). Isi iyi Gamma ray, ngwa anwansi a nwere ike iwepụta oke ọkụ n'onwe ya, mana ụdị ọkụ a enweghị ike ịnata anya anyị gba ọtọ. Ọ bụ foton na-eruba ike dị elu. Ihe anyị na-ewepụtakarị na mineral bụ 45Sc, nke bụ naanị isotope eke nke scandium. Nucleus 45Sc ọ bụla nwere protons 21 na neutron 24. Ọ bụrụ na anyị etinye scandium n'ime ihe nrụpụta nuklia ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta ụzarị neutron, dị ka itinye anụrị n'ọkụ alchemy nke Taishang Laojun maka ụbọchị 7,749, 46Sc nwere otu neutron ọzọ n'ime oghere ga-amụ. 46Sc, isotope redioaktivu arụrụ arụ, enwere ike iji dị ka isi iyi gamma ray ma ọ bụ atom tracer, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ redio nke etuto ọjọọ. Enwere ọtụtụ ojiji dị ka yttrium-gallium-scandium garnet lasers, scandium fluoride glass infrared optical fibers, na tubes cathode ray nwere mkpuchi nke scandium na igwe onyonyo. Ọ dị ka a kara aka na scandium ga-egbuke egbuke.

3, Common ogige nke scandium    1). Terbium scandate (TbScO3) kristal - nwere ezigbo lattice dakọtara na perovskite Ọdịdị superconductor, na ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe ferroelectric mkpa ihe nkiri mkpụrụ ihe.

2).Aluminom scandium alloy- Nke mbụ, ọ bụ aluminom alloy na-arụ ọrụ dị elu. Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji melite arụmọrụ nke alloys aluminum. N'ime ha, microalloying na ike na ike siri ike bụ ụzọ mbụ nke nchọpụta alloy aluminum na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na afọ 20 gara aga. N'ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ikuku ikuku Atụmanya ngwa na ngalaba teknụzụ dị elu dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, ngwa agha rọketi, na ike nuklia sara mbara.

3).Scandium oxide- Scandium oxide nwere ezigbo anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ, yabụ na ọ nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na ngalaba sayensị ihe. Nke mbụ, a pụrụ iji scandium oxide mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ihe ndị dị na seramiiki, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike, ike na iyi nguzogide nke ceramik, na-eme ka ha dịkwuo ogologo. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a pụkwara iji scandium oxide kwadebe ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ihe ndị a na-egosipụta ezigbo ọkụ eletrik na obere okpomọkụ ma nwee nnukwu ikike ngwa.