Thulium, mmewere 69 nke tebụl oge.
Thulium, ihe nwere obere ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa, na-ebikọ ọnụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na Gadolinite, Xenotime, ọla edo na-adịghị ahụkebe na monazite.
Ihe ọla thulium na lanthanide na-ebikọ ọnụ na ọla dị mgbagwoju anya na okike. N'ihi na ha yiri nnọọ eletrọnịkị owuwu, ha anụ ahụ na kemịkal Njirimara nwekwara yiri nnọọ, na-eme mmịpụta na nkewa nnọọ ike.
Na 1879, onye Sweden chemist Cliff chọpụtara na oke Atomic nke ala erbium adịghị adịgide mgbe ọ mụrụ ala erbium fọdụrụnụ mgbe ọ kewasịrị ala ytterbium na ala scandium, ya mere ọ gara n'ihu kewapụ ala erbium wee kewapụ ala erbium, ala holmium na ala erbium. ala thulium.
Metal thulium, ọlaọcha na-acha ọcha, ductile, dịtụ nro, nwere ike ịkpụ ya na mma, nwere nnukwu agbaze na isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, ọ naghị adị mfe imebi na ikuku, ma nwee ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịdị metal ruo ogologo oge. N'ihi nhazi shei Electron pụrụ iche pụrụ iche, ihe kemịkalụ nke thulium yiri nke ihe ndị ọzọ metal lanthanide. Ọ nwere ike igbari na hydrochloric acid ka ọ bụrụ ntakịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụThulium (III) chloride, a na-ahụkwa ọkụ ọkụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ikuku na-emepụta na wiil esemokwu.
Ogige thulium nwekwara ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke ma nwee ike ịmịnye ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'okpuru ọkụ ultraviolet, nke enwere ike iji mepụta akara mgbochi maka akwụkwọ ego. Igwe redioactive isotope thulium 170 nke thulium bụkwa otu n'ime isi mmalite radieshon ụlọ ọrụ anọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ngwaọrụ nyocha maka ngwa ahụike na eze, yana ngwaọrụ nchọpụta ntụpọ maka akụrụngwa na ngwa elektrọn.
Thulium, nke na-adọrọ mmasị, bụ teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ laser thulium na kemịkalụ ọhụrụ na-ekwekọghị n'okike emepụtara n'ihi usoro eletrọnịkị pụrụ iche ya.
Thulium doped Yttrium aluminom garnet nwere ike ibunye laser na ogologo ogologo nm n'etiti 1930 ~ 2040 nm. Mgbe a na-eji laser nke band a maka ịwa ahụ, ọbara dị na saịtị irradiation ga-agbakọta ngwa ngwa, ọnya ịwa ahụ dị ntakịrị, na hemostasis dị mma. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị laser eme ihe maka usoro prostate ma ọ bụ anya na-emerụ ahụ. Ụdị laser a nwere obere mfu mgbe ọ na-ebufe na ikuku, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na nhụta anya na nkwurịta okwu anya. Ọmụmaatụ, Laser rangefinder, coherent Doppler wind radar, wdg, ga-eji laser nke thulium doped fiber laser na-ewepụta.
Thulium bụ ụdị ọla pụrụ iche na mpaghara f, yana njirimara ya nke imepụta ogige na eletrọn na f oyi akwa adọtala ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. N'ozuzu, ihe metal lanthanide nwere ike ịmepụta ogige trivalent, mana thulium bụ otu n'ime ihe ole na ole nwere ike ịmepụta ogige divalent.
Na 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev sụrụ ụzọ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ metụtara divalent obere ụwa ogige na ngwọta, wee chọpụta na divalent Thulium (III) iodide nwere ike nke nta nke nta na-agbanwe azụ na-acha odo odo trivalent thulium ion n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Site n'iji njirimara a, thulium nwere ike bụrụ onye na-ebelata ihe kacha amasị maka ndị na-ahụ maka chemist organic ma nwee ike ịkwado ogige ọla nwere ihe pụrụ iche maka mpaghara isi dị ka ume ọhụrụ, teknụzụ magnetik, na ọgwụgwọ mkpofu nuklia. Site n'ịhọrọ ligands kwesịrị ekwesị, thulium nwekwara ike gbanwee ikike nke ụdị redox metal kpọmkwem. Samarium (II) iodide na ngwakọta ya gbazere na ihe mgbaze organic dị ka tetrahydrofuran bụ ndị chemists organic ejirila afọ 50 iji chịkwaa mmeghachi omume mbelata eletrọn otu nke usoro otu ọrụ. Thulium nwekwara àgwà ndị yiri ya, na ikike ligand nwere ịhazi ogige metal organic dị ịtụnanya. Ijikwa ọdịdị geometric na mgbakwụnye orbital nke mgbagwoju anya nwere ike imetụta ụfọdụ ụzọ abụọ redox. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa, ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke thulium na-egbochi ya nwa oge iji dochie samarium, ma ọ ka nwere ikike dị ukwuu na kemịl ọhụrụ na-enweghị atụ.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-01-2023